Antebrachium- Anterior And Posterior

The elbow joint consists of three joints - humero-ulnar, humero-radial, and proximal radio-ulnar, which allow for flexion, extension, and rotation of the forearm.

The humero-ulnar joint is a modified sellar joint that allows flexion and extension. It is where the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

The Humero-radial Joint specifically refers to the articulation between the radius and the humerus at the elbow. It allows for flexion/extension and pronation/supination movements.

The Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint allows for the radial head to turn, spin, and rotate, enabling Pronation and Supination movements.

The Distal Radio-ulnar Joint is specifically associated with the Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint and consists of the articulation of the convex peripheral surface of the ulnar head with the concave surface of the ulnar notch of the radius.

The articular capsule of the elbow is typically thin, lined with synovial membrane, and envelopes the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints. This structure allows for smooth joint movement and stability in the elbow.

Valgus refers to a deformity where the joint is displaced in a medial direction, with the distal end of the limb moving laterally. This typically occurs at an angle of about 15 degrees. The incorrect answers provide alternative descriptions of joint displacement in different directions to highlight the specific characteristic of valgus.

Varus refers to a deformity where the joint is displaced in a lateral direction, leading to the distal end of the limb being medial to the position of the joint.

The Elbow Capsular Ligaments consist of the Medial Collateral Ligaments (Anterior, Posterior, Transverse Fibers) and the Lateral Collateral Ligaments (Radial Collateral Ligament, Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligaments). Dorsal, Ventral, and Central Collateral Ligaments are not components of the Elbow Capsular Ligaments.

The posterior fibers of the Medial Collateral Ligament run from the back of the medial humeral epicondyle to the inner side of the olecranon. They play a crucial role in preventing excessive valgus stress on the elbow joint, especially during extreme flexion.

The transverse fibers of the Medial Collateral Ligament run from the olecranon process to the coronoid process, providing little stability to the elbow joint.

The Radial Collateral Ligament arises from the split of the Lateral Collateral Ligament and its fibers blend with the Annular Ligament, providing stability to the elbow joint.

The Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament plays a crucial role in resisting varus force specifically, connecting to the supinator crest of the ulna, originating from the split of the Lateral Collateral Ligament.

The correct non-contractile elements of the Proximal RU Joint are the Annular Ligament and the Quadrate Ligament. These ligaments play a crucial role in providing stability and support to the joint.

The Antebrachial Fascia is a dense connective tissue wrapper that encases the forearm, dividing it into anterior and posterior compartments. It is attached to the subcutaneous border of the ulna and sends septum to the radius. It is thicker around the wrist area.

The Extensor Retinaculum plays a crucial role in maintaining the position of structures in the forearm by extending from the lateral border of the distal aspect of the radius, wrapping around the ulna, and attaching to various carpal bones. It is not involved in enclosing flexor tendons, attaching only to the ulna, or extending from the proximal aspect of the radius.

The compartments of the Wrist/Hand include: APL and EPB, ECRL and ECRB, and EPL. Structures like ECU, ED and EI, and EDM are not typically considered as parts of the compartments of the Wrist/Hand.

The cubital fossa contains specific structures as stated in the correct answer, any deviations in the structures mentioned in the incorrect answers would make them incorrect choices. Each structure has a specific location and function in the cubital fossa.

The Brachioradialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, and Pronator Teres are the muscles associated with the Cubital Fossa, while Biceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and Triceps Brachii are not directly related to this anatomical region.

The Brachioradialis O. is located superior to the lateral humeral epicondyle, which means it is positioned above the lateral aspect of the elbow joint.

The brachioradialis muscle originates from the lateral border of the distal aspect of the radius. This muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

The brachioradialis muscle is innervated by the radial nerve, which is responsible for providing motor function and sensation to the back of the arm, forearm, and hand.

The brachioradialis muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle is located superior to the lateral humeral epicondyle. It is responsible for extending and abducting the wrist.

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle inserts on the dorsal surface at the base of the 2nd metacarpal bone, allowing for extension of the hand at the wrist joint.

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle is innervated by the Radial nerve, which supplies the extensor compartment of the forearm.