Zoology Final Exam 2

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  • 1/108 Questions

    Which type of feather is long and extend beyond the body for lift

    • Altrical feathers
    • Filoplume feathers
    • Flight feathers
    • Powder-down feathers
    • Down feathers
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About This Quiz

Zoology Final Exam 2 assesses knowledge on arthropods, focusing on centipedes, millipedes, and insects. It covers their characteristics, classifications, and anatomical structures, highlighting adaptability and diversity, crucial for students specializing in zoology or entomology.

Zoology Final Exam 2 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The order Anura includes

    • Frogs and toads

    • Salamanders

    • Caecilians

    • Frogs only

    • Toads only

    Correct Answer
    A. Frogs and toads
    Explanation
    The order Anura includes frogs and toads because both frogs and toads belong to the Anura order. Anura is a taxonomic order of amphibians that lack a tail and have a short body, long hind legs, and webbed feet. Both frogs and toads share these characteristics, making them members of the Anura order. Salamanders and caecilians belong to different orders and are not included in the Anura order.

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  • 3. 

    The sieve like opening into the water vascular system is called the 

    • Madreporite

    • Lateral podia

    • Dermal Brachiae

    • Pedicellariae

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Madreporite
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Madreporite. The madreporite is a sieve-like opening in the exoskeleton of echinoderms, such as starfish and sea urchins, that connects to their water vascular system. It acts as a filter, allowing water to enter the system and circulate throughout the body. This opening is important for regulating the water balance and hydraulic pressure within the echinoderm's body, as well as for movement and feeding.

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  • 4. 

    The echinoderms have developed the ability to exploit many sources of food. The brittle stars and sea stars are ______, the sea urchins are ______, and the sea cucumbers eat ______.

    • Planktivores, herbivores, worms

    • Herbivores, browsers, algae

    • Browsers, carnivores, plankton

    • Carnivores, herbivores, organic debris

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Carnivores, herbivores, organic debris
    Explanation
    Echinoderms have developed the ability to exploit various sources of food. Brittle stars and sea stars are carnivores, meaning they feed on other organisms. Sea urchins are herbivores, as they primarily eat algae. Sea cucumbers, on the other hand, consume organic debris, making them detritivores. Therefore, the correct answer is "Carnivores, herbivores, organic debris."

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  • 5. 

    Insects are considered highly adaptable to many different environments because

    • They have numerous appendages

    • Their mouthparts are designed for specific types of food

    • They have an exoskeleton

    • Only A and b are true

    • A, B, and C are all true

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B, and C are all true
    Explanation
    Insects are considered highly adaptable to many different environments because they have numerous appendages, which allow them to move and interact with their surroundings effectively. Additionally, their mouthparts are designed for specific types of food, enabling them to feed on a wide range of resources available in different environments. Furthermore, insects have an exoskeleton, which provides protection and support, allowing them to thrive in various habitats. Therefore, all three statements (A, B, and C) are true and contribute to the adaptability of insects.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following describes what a female frog is looking for in a mate?

    • Large males with deep voices

    • Large males who can "sing" for long periods of time

    • Small males with strong griping pads who can really hug them tight

    • A and B are true

    • None of these are true; frogs aren't picky

    Correct Answer
    A. A and B are true
    Explanation
    Female frogs are looking for large males with deep voices and who can "sing" for long periods of time. This is because these traits are indicators of good health and genetic fitness, suggesting that the male will be a good provider and father to their offspring. These traits also demonstrate the male's ability to defend the female and their territory. Therefore, female frogs are selective in choosing a mate based on these characteristics.

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  • 7. 

    What permits the feather to "zip" and "unzip"?

    • Oil from skin glands sticks the vanes together

    • Bird saliva acting as a temporary glue

    • The cohesive force of water molecules

    • Magnetic attraction due to charges built from the feathers rubbing against each other

    • Interlocking barbules held together by tiny hooks

    Correct Answer
    A. Interlocking barbules held together by tiny hooks
    Explanation
    The feathers of a bird have interlocking barbules that are held together by tiny hooks. These hooks allow the barbules to zip and unzip, keeping the feathers aligned and providing structural integrity to the bird's wings. This interlocking mechanism is essential for flight as it helps maintain the shape and smoothness of the feathers, allowing the bird to generate lift and maneuver effectively in the air.

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  • 8. 

    Migrating birds navigate using various methods.  Which include

    • Using landmarks like rivers, coastlines, and mountains

    • Using the sun or stars as a compass

    • Sensing the earth's magnetic field

    • A and B are true

    • A,B, and C are true

    Correct Answer
    A. A,B, and C are true
    Explanation
    Migrating birds navigate using various methods, including using landmarks like rivers, coastlines, and mountains as well as using the sun or stars as a compass. They also have the ability to sense the earth's magnetic field. Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, and C are true.

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  • 9. 

    The order Gymnophiona was previously called Apoda and includes

    • Frogs and toads

    • Salamanders

    • Caecilians

    • Frogs only

    • Toads only

    Correct Answer
    A. Caecilians
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Caecilians. The order Gymnophiona, previously known as Apoda, refers to a group of legless amphibians called caecilians. Caecilians are distinct from frogs and toads, as well as salamanders. They are characterized by their elongated bodies, lack of limbs, and burrowing lifestyle. Therefore, caecilians are the correct answer as they are the specific group included in the order Gymnophiona.

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  • 10. 

    The function of the swim bladder is to

    • Store and concentrate area until it is eliminated via the cloaca

    • Regulate the salt ion within the blood thus aiding in osmoregulation

    • Maintain buoyancy by holding volumes of air

    • Filter the blood and produce urine

    • Act as floaties on the fins of baby fish so they don't drown.

    Correct Answer
    A. Maintain buoyancy by holding volumes of air
    Explanation
    The swim bladder is an organ found in many fish that helps them control their buoyancy in water. It works by holding volumes of air, which allows the fish to adjust its position in the water column. By changing the amount of air in the swim bladder, the fish can either float or sink to different depths. This ability to control buoyancy is important for fish to conserve energy and move efficiently in water. The other options listed in the question are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the function of the swim bladder.

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  • 11. 

    Many amphibians contain toxin secreting glands within their skin.  These secretions have been used for which of the following purposes

    • Poisons to kill birds and small mammals

    • Painkiller research

    • Antibiotic research

    • A and B are true

    • A, B, and C are true

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B, and C are true
    Explanation
    Many amphibians contain toxin secreting glands within their skin. These secretions have been used for various purposes. They can be used as poisons to kill birds and small mammals, as the toxins can be lethal to these animals. Additionally, the secretions have been studied for their potential use in painkiller research, as they may contain compounds with analgesic properties. Furthermore, the toxins have also been investigated for their potential as antibiotics, as they may have antimicrobial properties. Therefore, options A, B, and C are all true.

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  • 12. 

    Reptile skin consists of all of the following except

    • Dermis

    • Epidermis

    • Keratinized hair

    • Osteoderms

    • Scales

    Correct Answer
    A. Keratinized hair
    Explanation
    Reptile skin consists of various layers, including the dermis and epidermis, which provide protection and support. Additionally, reptile skin is characterized by the presence of osteoderms, which are bony plates embedded in the dermis. Scales are another important component of reptile skin, serving as a barrier against the environment and helping with locomotion. However, reptile skin does not contain keratinized hair, as hair is a characteristic feature of mammals.

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  • 13. 

    The ______ is a small, agile, mostly nocturnal lizard that has adhesive toe pads that enable them to walk upside down on a ceiling.

    • Iguana

    • Skink

    • Chameleon

    • Gecko

    • Gila monster

    Correct Answer
    A. Gecko
    Explanation
    Geckos are small, agile, mostly nocturnal lizards that possess adhesive toe pads, allowing them to walk upside down on a ceiling. They are known for their ability to climb vertical surfaces and even hang from them due to the specialized structure of their toe pads. Geckos are distinct from other options such as iguanas, skinks, chameleons, and gila monsters, which do not possess the same adhesive capabilities.

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  • 14. 

    Where would you locate the supracaracoideus and pectoralis muscles of a bird?

    • In the wing itself, running along the wing bones

    • Under the tail feathers

    • As "breast meat" powering flight

    • Anchoring a perching bird's feet

    • In the neck controlling the voice box

    Correct Answer
    A. As "breast meat" powering flight
    Explanation
    The supracoracoideus and pectoralis muscles of a bird are located in the wing itself, running along the wing bones. These muscles are responsible for powering flight by controlling the movement of the wings.

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  • 15. 

    The group Osteichthyes refers to which types of fishes?

    • Bony fishes

    • Cartilagenous fishes

    • Jawless fishes

    • Bioluminescent fishes

    • All fishes; it's the largest group

    Correct Answer
    A. Bony fishes
    Explanation
    The group Osteichthyes refers to bony fishes. This group includes the majority of fish species and is characterized by having skeletons made of bone rather than cartilage. Bony fishes have a wide range of adaptations and can be found in various aquatic environments, from freshwater to saltwater. They are the largest group of fishes, making up the majority of the fish species on Earth.

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  • 16. 

    The sex of turtles, as wells as some other reptiles, is based on

    • The position of the mating turtles

    • Whether it is parthenogenetic

    • Temperature of the incubation

    • Whether it is marine or freshwater

    • Which sperm fertilize the egg

    Correct Answer
    A. Temperature of the incubation
    Explanation
    The sex of turtles, as well as some other reptiles, is determined by the temperature of the incubation. This means that the temperature at which the eggs are incubated during development will determine whether the offspring will be male or female. This phenomenon is known as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The specific temperature thresholds vary among different turtle species, with some having a higher temperature producing males and others producing females. The mechanism behind TSD is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by the expression of certain genes that are sensitive to temperature.

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  • 17. 

    The lateral line of a shark is used for

    • Detecting and locating objects and moving animals in the water

    • Excretion of urea and water

    • Detecting odors such as blood

    • Secreting mucus as a swimming lubricant

    • Detecting the heat of prey animals

    Correct Answer
    A. Detecting and locating objects and moving animals in the water
    Explanation
    The lateral line of a shark is a sensory system that runs along the sides of its body. It contains specialized cells called neuromasts, which can detect changes in water pressure and vibrations. This allows the shark to detect and locate objects and moving animals in the water, even in low light or murky conditions. The lateral line helps the shark navigate its environment and locate potential prey or predators.

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  • 18. 

    When a snake flicks its tongue out to "taste" the air, it must return the tips of the tongue past the _______ in the roof of its mouth to detect the "taste".

    • Heat sensitive pits

    • Kinetic skull

    • Parietal eye

    • Fangs

    • Jacobson's organ

    Correct Answer
    A. Jacobson's organ
    Explanation
    When a snake flicks its tongue out to "taste" the air, it must return the tips of the tongue past the Jacobson's organ in the roof of its mouth to detect the "taste". Jacobson's organ, also known as the vomeronasal organ, is a specialized sensory organ found in snakes and some other animals. It allows snakes to detect and analyze chemical signals in the environment, particularly pheromones. By flicking their tongues and then inserting them into the Jacobson's organ, snakes can gather information about their surroundings and potential prey or mates.

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  • 19. 

    What feature separates a shark from a bluegill?

    • Operculum versus gill slits

    • Cartilage verses bones

    • Internal verses external fertilization

    • No swim bladder verses swim bladdder

    • All of the above are correct distinctions

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are correct distinctions
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that all of the above are correct distinctions. This means that all of the features mentioned - operculum versus gill slits, cartilage versus bones, internal versus external fertilization, and no swim bladder versus swim bladder - are ways in which a shark is separated from a bluegill.

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  • 20. 

    The word amphibian means

    • Two worlds

    • Two lives

    • Smooth skin

    • Water loving

    • None of the above are true

    Correct Answer
    A. Two lives
    Explanation
    The word "amphibian" refers to an organism that can live both in water and on land. This term is derived from the Greek words "amphi" meaning "both" and "bios" meaning "life." Therefore, the correct answer "Two lives" accurately describes the meaning of the word "amphibian."

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  • 21. 

    The term "thecodont" describe the crocodile's

    • Skull bones

    • Tail bones

    • Vertebrae

    • Teeth

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Teeth
    Explanation
    The term "thecodont" refers to the crocodile's teeth. This term is used to describe the way in which the teeth are embedded in sockets in the jawbone, which is a characteristic feature of crocodiles. The teeth of crocodiles are sharp, pointed, and well-suited for catching and tearing prey. They are also continuously replaced throughout the crocodile's lifetime, ensuring that they always have functional teeth for hunting and feeding. Therefore, the correct answer is teeth.

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  • 22. 

    The main excretory organ found in insects is the

    • Nephridia

    • Large ventral kidney

    • Osmonephridia

    • Malpighian tubules

    • Gastric ceca

    Correct Answer
    A. Malpighian tubules
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Malpighian tubules. Malpighian tubules are the main excretory organs found in insects. They are long, slender tubes located in the digestive system, extending from the gut into the hemocoel (the insect's equivalent of a body cavity). These tubules remove waste products, such as uric acid, from the hemolymph (insect blood) and transport them to the gut for elimination. This process helps maintain the insect's water balance and prevents the accumulation of toxic waste products in their bodies.

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  • 23. 

    1. The mucus secreted by the glands in an amphibians skins is necessary because

    • It allows for gas exchange when away from the water

    • It creates a surface suitable for reproduction

    • It makes the animals slippery for predators to catch it

    • A and B are true

    • A and C are true

    Correct Answer
    A. A and C are true
    Explanation
    The mucus secreted by the glands in an amphibian's skin is necessary because it allows for gas exchange when away from the water and it makes the animals slippery for predators to catch it. This mucus layer helps to keep the skin moist and allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the skin, which is important for respiration when amphibians are on land. Additionally, the slippery nature of the mucus makes it difficult for predators to grip and catch the amphibian, providing a form of protection.

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  • 24. 

    To facilitate cutaneous respiration, the skin of amphibians is

    • Moist and covered with scales

    • Moist and richly vascularized

    • Dry and covered with scales

    • Dry and richly vascularized

    • Moist with many folds

    Correct Answer
    A. Moist and richly vascularized
    Explanation
    The skin of amphibians needs to be moist in order to facilitate cutaneous respiration, which is the process of obtaining oxygen through the skin. Moist skin allows for the exchange of gases between the amphibian's body and the surrounding environment. Additionally, the skin is richly vascularized, meaning it has a network of blood vessels close to the surface. This allows for efficient gas exchange and helps to transport oxygen throughout the amphibian's body.

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  • 25. 

    When breathing using lungs an amphibian must

    • Simply open its mouth

    • Use muscles within its chest cavity to force air in and out of the lungs

    • Shut its mouth and breath through its nostrils

    • Swallow air by closing its nostrils and pushing its lower mouth cavity up

    • Pant like a dog

    Correct Answer
    A. Swallow air by closing its nostrils and pushing its lower mouth cavity up
  • 26. 

    The vertebral column of a bird has been modified so it is

    • No longer connected to the ribs

    • Much longer and more flexible

    • Rigid with many vertebrae fused together

    • Broad to assist in aerodynamic lift

    • Springy and elastic to store energy for flight

    Correct Answer
    A. Rigid with many vertebrae fused together
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Rigid with many vertebrae fused together." The vertebral column of a bird is modified in such a way that many of its vertebrae are fused together, providing stability and rigidity. This rigidity is important for the bird's ability to withstand the forces generated during flight. Additionally, the fusion of vertebrae reduces the overall flexibility of the vertebral column, allowing for efficient transfer of power from the wings to the rest of the body during flight.

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  • 27. 

    Birds wastes are different from mammal feces and urine because

    • Birds produce urine with urea just as in mammals but they don't drink much water so it is more concentrated

    • Birds mainly eat berries and insects

    • Birds lack kidneys

    • A bird's waste is uric acid with most of the water removed

    • Birds excrete ammonia

    Correct Answer
    A. A bird's waste is uric acid with most of the water removed
    Explanation
    Birds have a unique way of excreting waste compared to mammals. While both birds and mammals produce urine with urea, birds have a higher concentration of urea in their waste because they do not drink much water. This concentrated waste is in the form of uric acid, with most of the water removed. Unlike mammals, birds do not have kidneys, but they still excrete waste through their cloaca. This adaptation allows birds to conserve water and excrete waste efficiently. Additionally, it is worth noting that birds mainly eat berries and insects, which can also contribute to the composition of their waste.

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  • 28. 

    Bird's eyes are

    • Large in relation to their head

    • Less spherical and immobile compared to mammals

    • Contain light sensitive rods and cones

    • House a special structure called a pectin

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The statement "All of the above" is the correct answer because it encompasses all the given statements about bird's eyes. Birds have large eyes in relation to their head, which allows for a wider field of vision. Their eyes are also less spherical and immobile compared to mammals, which gives them better focus and depth perception. Birds' eyes contain light-sensitive rods and cones, enabling them to see in different lighting conditions. Additionally, birds have a special structure called a pecten, which helps nourish and protect the retina. Therefore, all the given statements are true about bird's eyes.

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  • 29. 

    The spiral valve in the intestine of a shark serves to

    • Release strong acids to aid digestion

    • Function as a liver in producing bile salts

    • Entrap food molecules in a mucus strand

    • Slow passage of food and increase absorption

    • Propel food through the tract at a faster rate

    Correct Answer
    A. Slow passage of food and increase absorption
    Explanation
    The spiral valve in the intestine of a shark serves to slow the passage of food and increase absorption. The spiral valve is a spiral-shaped structure that increases the surface area of the intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients. As food passes through the spiral valve, it is slowed down, allowing more time for the nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. This increases the efficiency of digestion and absorption in sharks.

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  • 30. 

    Ommatidia are structures found in an insects

    • Abdomen

    • Walking legs

    • Simple eyes

    • Compound eyes

    • Mouth

    Correct Answer
    A. Compound eyes
    Explanation
    Ommatidia are structures found in the compound eyes of insects. Compound eyes are made up of many individual ommatidia, each containing a lens and a photoreceptor cell. These ommatidia work together to provide a mosaic image, allowing insects to have a wide field of view and detect movement in their surroundings. Therefore, the correct answer is compound eyes.

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  • 31. 

    A pheromone is

    • A chemical secreted by an insect to attract a mate

    • A chemical secreted by an insect to signal the beginning of hibernation

    • A chemical secreted by an insect to claim its territory

    • Only A is true

    • A, B, and C are all true

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B, and C are all true
  • 32. 

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of centipedes? 

    • Flattened body with 1 pair of legs per segment

    • Open circulatory system with elongated heart and arteries

    • Carnivorous which kill prey with a pair of poison claws

    • Herbivores which feed mainly on decomposing plant matter

    • Separate sexes, females are egg layers

    Correct Answer
    A. Herbivores which feed mainly on decomposing plant matter
    Explanation
    Centipedes are not herbivores that feed mainly on decomposing plant matter. They are carnivorous creatures that kill their prey with a pair of poison claws. They have a flattened body with 1 pair of legs per segment, an open circulatory system with an elongated heart and arteries, and separate sexes, with females being egg layers.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following statements best describes insects?

    • A diverse group with habitats mainly in tropical regions

    • A group similar in abundance to the crustaceans

    • A large group that inhabits all parts of the planet

    • A diverse group with about 10 million different species

    • Tropical creatures with unusual characteristics

    Correct Answer
    A. A diverse group with about 10 million different species
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "A diverse group with about 10 million different species." This statement accurately describes insects as a diverse group with a vast number of species, estimated to be around 10 million. Insects are found in various habitats all over the world, not limited to tropical regions. While they are abundant, they are not necessarily similar in abundance to crustaceans. The statement does not mention any specific characteristics or habitats that would classify them as "tropical creatures with unusual characteristics."

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following could be used to distinguish an alligator from a crocodile?

    • Teeth

    • Snout

    • Tail

    • A and B are true

    • A, B and C are true

    Correct Answer
    A. A and B are true
    Explanation
    The teeth and snout can be used to distinguish an alligator from a crocodile. Alligators have wider, U-shaped snouts and their upper teeth are not visible when their mouths are closed, while crocodiles have narrower, V-shaped snouts and their upper teeth are visible even when their mouths are closed. Therefore, options A and B are true.

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  • 35. 

    Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of birds?

    • Birds don't eat much to help maintain a low body weight

    • "Euryphagous" birds eat a very specific diet

    • "Stenophagous" birds eat anything in sight

    • Large appetites are necessary to maintain high metabolic rates

    • B and C are true

    Correct Answer
    A. B and C are true
    Explanation
    "B and C are true" is the correct answer because both statements "Euryphagous birds eat a very specific diet" and "Stenophagous birds eat anything in sight" accurately describe the feeding habits of birds. Euryphagous birds have a specific and narrow diet, while stenophagous birds have a broad and varied diet, eating anything they come across. This answer choice captures both aspects of bird feeding habits.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following in not a characteristic of the phylum chordata?

    • A flexible notochord

    • Pharyngeal gill pouches

    • Dorsal tubular nerve cord

    • Postanal tail

    • All of these are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these are correct
    Explanation
    All of the given characteristics are correct for the phylum Chordata. The phylum Chordata is characterized by having a flexible notochord, pharyngeal gill pouches, a dorsal tubular nerve cord, and a postanal tail. These features are unique to the phylum and are used to classify organisms within this group.

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  • 37. 

    Which statement about molting is true?

    • It is a gradual process os not to create bald spots

    • Usually occurs once a year after the nesting season

    • Causes flight feathers to be lost in pairs to help maintain balance

    • Ducks and other water fowl lose all of their feathers at once when they molt

    • All of the above are ture

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are ture
    Explanation
    Molting is a natural process in which birds shed and replace their feathers. It is a gradual process to ensure that bald spots are not created. It usually occurs once a year after the nesting season. During molting, flight feathers are lost in pairs to help maintain balance. Ducks and other water fowl do lose all of their feathers at once when they molt. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are true.

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  • 38. 

    Cartilaginous fishes do not include

    • Skates

    • Rays

    • Sharks

    • Eels

    • All of the above are cartilaginous fish

    Correct Answer
    A. Eels
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Eels. Eels are not considered cartilaginous fishes. Unlike skates, rays, and sharks, which have skeletons made of cartilage, eels have a bony skeleton. Therefore, eels do not belong to the category of cartilaginous fishes.

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  • 39. 

    Snake venoms are generally of two types of a mixture of two types that include

    • Kidney toxins and neurotoxins

    • Hemorrhagins and paralytic toxins

    • Kidney toxins and paralytic toxins

    • Hemorrhagins and neurotoxins

    • Venoms and antivenoms

    Correct Answer
    A. Hemorrhagins and neurotoxins
    Explanation
    Snake venoms are generally composed of a mixture of two types of toxins: hemorrhagins and neurotoxins. Hemorrhagins are toxins that cause bleeding and damage to blood vessels, leading to internal bleeding. Neurotoxins, on the other hand, target the nervous system and disrupt nerve function, often leading to paralysis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Hemorrhagins and neurotoxins."

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  • 40. 

    An instar is best described as

    • The period of time during which an insect molts

    • The length of time it takes an insect to molt

    • The stage in an insects life cycle when it forms a pupa

    • The navigation system used by insects to locate mates

    • The period of time in an insect's life cycle between molts

    Correct Answer
    A. The period of time in an insect's life cycle between molts
    Explanation
    An instar refers to the period of time in an insect's life cycle between molts. During this time, the insect undergoes growth and development before shedding its exoskeleton and entering the next stage of its life cycle. It is a crucial phase where the insect increases in size and undergoes physiological changes. This term is commonly used in entomology to describe the different stages of development in insects.

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  • 41. 

    Which of these classes is characterized by arms not demarcated from the disc, open ambulacral grooves, tube feet with suckers, and a madreporite on the aboral surface?

    • Crinoidea

    • Asteroidea

    • Ophiuroidea

    • Echinodea

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Asteroidea
    Explanation
    Asteroidea is the correct answer because it is the class of starfish, which is characterized by arms that are not demarcated from the disc, open ambulacral grooves, tube feet with suckers, and a madreporite on the aboral surface. Crinoidea is not the correct answer because it refers to the class of crinoids or sea lilies, which have arms that are demarcated from the disc. Ophiuroidea is not the correct answer because it refers to the class of brittle stars, which have closed ambulacral grooves. Echinodea is not the correct answer because it refers to the class of sea urchins and sand dollars, which do not have arms.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following in not a characteristic of the hagfishes?

    • Naked skinned scavengers

    • Heighten sense of smell and touch but nearly blind

    • Ties itself in knots to gain more leverage while feeding

    • Spawns in freshwater streams

    • Produces copious amounts of slime when threatened

    Correct Answer
    A. Spawns in freshwater streams
    Explanation
    The hagfishes exhibit several unique characteristics, including being naked skinned scavengers, having a heightened sense of smell and touch but being nearly blind, and producing copious amounts of slime when threatened. However, they do not spawn in freshwater streams. This means that they do not lay their eggs or reproduce in freshwater environments.

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  • 43. 

    Frogs often broad their young in

    • Their mouths

    • Pouches on their backs

    • The webbing of their back feet

    • A and B are true

    • None of these are true; frogs do not show parental care to their young

    Correct Answer
    A. A and B are true
    Explanation
    Frogs often brood their young in their mouths and pouches on their backs. This means that they carry their eggs or tadpoles in these locations to protect and care for them until they are ready to be released into the environment. This behavior is observed in certain species of frogs and is a form of parental care.

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  • 44. 

    An advantage to a bird's respiratory system is that 

    • The lungs receive fresh air while both inhaling and exhaling

    • The lungs can double in size when taking deep breaths at high altitudes

    • The air held within the air sacs also helps to cool the body during flight

    • Only A and B are correct

    • Only A and C are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Only A and C are correct
    Explanation
    Birds have a unique respiratory system that allows them to efficiently take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. One advantage of their respiratory system is that the lungs receive fresh air both during inhalation and exhalation. This continuous flow of fresh air ensures a constant supply of oxygen for the bird's metabolic needs. Additionally, the air held within the air sacs also helps to cool the bird's body during flight, preventing overheating. Therefore, the correct options are A and C.

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  • 45. 

    The movement of air over the upper curve surface of the wing causes

    • Drag

    • Stalling

    • Lift

    • Drift

    • Positive pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. Lift
    Explanation
    The movement of air over the upper curve surface of the wing causes lift. This is because the curved shape of the wing, also known as the airfoil, creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. The air moving over the curved upper surface has to travel a longer distance in the same amount of time compared to the air moving below the wing. As a result, the air above the wing has to move faster, creating lower pressure. This pressure difference generates lift, which allows the aircraft to overcome gravity and stay airborne.

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  • 46. 

    The digestive system of insects is divided into 3 major sections. The foregut contains which of the following structures?

    • Mouth, esophagus, intestine

    • Mouth, crop, gizzard

    • Crop, gizzard, intestine

    • Crop, gizzard, stomach

    • Stomach, gastric ceca, intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. Mouth, crop, gizzard
    Explanation
    The correct answer is mouth, crop, gizzard. In the digestive system of insects, the foregut is the first section where the food enters. The mouth is responsible for ingesting the food, the crop is a storage organ where the food is temporarily stored, and the gizzard is a muscular organ that grinds the food into smaller pieces. Therefore, these structures are all part of the foregut in the digestive system of insects.

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  • 47. 

    A specific parasite that always kills its host is called a 

    • Hyperparasite

    • Hypoparasite

    • Parasitoid

    • Saprophyte

    • A really good eater

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasitoid
    Explanation
    A parasitoid is a specific parasite that always kills its host. Unlike other parasites that may rely on their host for survival, a parasitoid ultimately causes the death of its host as part of its life cycle. This is usually achieved by consuming the host's tissues or resources, leading to the host's demise. Therefore, the correct answer is "Parasitoid."

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  • 48. 

    Bioluminescence is a characteristic of

    • All insects

    • Only insects that fly

    • Only insects that glow

    • Only insects that exhibit warning coloration

    • This isn't a characteristic of insects. It applies to fish.

    Correct Answer
    A. Only insects that glow
    Explanation
    Bioluminescence refers to the ability of organisms to produce light through a chemical reaction. In this context, the correct answer is "Only insects that glow" because bioluminescence is a specific trait exhibited by certain insects, such as fireflies, glowworms, and certain species of beetles. While it is true that bioluminescence also exists in some fish species, the question specifically asks about insects, so the answer is limited to insects that possess the ability to glow.

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  • 49. 

    Which of these classes is characterized by an endoskeleton test, a complex chewing apparatus, no arms, pedicellaria with three jaws, closed ambulacral grooves, and movable spines?

    • Crinoidea

    • Asteroidea

    • Ophiuroidea

    • Echiniodea

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Echiniodea
    Explanation
    Echiniodea is the correct answer because it is the only class among the options that is characterized by an endoskeleton test, a complex chewing apparatus, no arms, pedicellaria with three jaws, closed ambulacral grooves, and movable spines. Crinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea have different characteristics and do not match the given description. "None of the above" is not the correct answer because Echiniodea does match the given characteristics.

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  • Mar 21, 2023
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