Zoology Final Exam

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  • 1/102 Questions

    The structure of mollusks that forms the shell and houses the gills is the 

    • Mantle
    • Gastrovascular cavity
    • Epidermis
    • Viscedral mass
    • Periostracum
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About This Quiz

The 'Zoology Final Exam' focuses on the anatomical and developmental aspects of mollusks. It assesses knowledge on structures like the mantle, metanephridia, and the radula, as well as the composition of mollusk shells and larval stages. This quiz is crucial for students specializing in zoology or marine biology.

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  • 2. 

    The structure of mollusks that forms the shell and houses the gills is the

    • Mantle

    • Gastrovascular Cavity

    • Epidermis

    • Visceral mass

    • Periostracum

    Correct Answer
    A. Mantle
    Explanation
    The mantle is the correct answer because it is the structure in mollusks that forms the shell and houses the gills. It is a thin layer of tissue that covers the visceral mass and secretes calcium carbonate to create the shell. The mantle also contains the gills, which are responsible for respiration in mollusks.

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  • 3. 

    Some gastropods have a horny plate that covers the shell aperture; this structure is called a (an)

    • Osmoradia

    • Osphradia

    • Operculum

    • Olid

    • Oocap

    Correct Answer
    A. Operculum
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Operculum". Some gastropods have a horny plate called an operculum that covers the shell aperture. The operculum acts as a protective door, closing the opening of the shell when the gastropod withdraws inside. This helps to prevent desiccation and protect the soft body of the gastropod from predators and environmental factors.

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  • 4. 

    Hydra reproduces asexually by

    • Buds

    • Nematocysts

    • Gland cells

    • Gametes

    • Producing temporary gonads

    Correct Answer
    A. Buds
    Explanation
    Hydra reproduces asexually by buds. Buds are small outgrowths that develop on the body of the hydra and eventually detach to form new individuals. This process is known as budding. The buds contain all the necessary structures and organs to survive and grow into a mature hydra.

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  • 5. 

    The major group of gastropods known as the Pulmonates are more commonly known as

    • Sea slugs and hares

    • Limpets and conch

    • Snails and slugs

    • Albalones

    • Nudibranchs

    Correct Answer
    A. Snails and slugs
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Snails and slugs." Pulmonates are a major group of gastropods that are characterized by having a lung-like structure called a pallial cavity. This allows them to breathe air instead of relying solely on gills. Snails and slugs are the most well-known examples of pulmonates, as they are commonly found in various terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Sea slugs, hares, limpets, conch, abalones, and nudibranchs are all different groups of gastropods, but they do not belong to the pulmonate group.

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  • 6. 

    A mollusk that has a shell of two valves and is usually a filter feeder is a 

    • Scaphopoda

    • Gastropoda

    • Bivalvia

    • Cephalopoda

    • Mollusca

    Correct Answer
    A. Bivalvia
    Explanation
    Bivalvia is the correct answer because it is a class of mollusks that have a shell consisting of two valves. They are usually filter feeders, meaning they obtain their food by filtering particles from water. Examples of bivalves include clams, mussels, and oysters. Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, and Cephalopoda are other classes of mollusks, but they do not fit the description of having a shell of two valves and being filter feeders. Mollusca is the phylum to which all these classes belong.

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  • 7. 

    A mollusk that is an active predator, has tentacles, and is marine would be in the class

    • Scaphopoda

    • Gastropoda

    • Bivalvia

    • Cephalopoda

    • Mollusca

    Correct Answer
    A. Cephalopoda
    Explanation
    Cephalopoda is the correct answer because it is the class of mollusks that fits all the given characteristics. Cephalopods, such as octopuses and squids, are active predators that have tentacles and live in marine environments. Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia are other classes of mollusks, but they do not possess all the mentioned characteristics. Mollusca is the phylum to which all these classes belong.

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  • 8. 

    A cephalopod that has an external shell and represents a group that is mostly extinct would be a 

    • Giant squid

    • Cuttlefish

    • Nautilus

    • Ammonoid

    • Octopus

    Correct Answer
    A. Nautilus
    Explanation
    Nautilus is the correct answer because it is a cephalopod that has an external shell. It represents a group that is mostly extinct, as most other cephalopods, such as the giant squid, cuttlefish, and octopus, do not have external shells. Ammonoids are also cephalopods with external shells, but they are completely extinct.

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  • 9. 

    Throughout most cnidarian groups, the basal or pedal disc serves to

    • Be the base of the tentacles

    • Attach the cnidarian to the substrate

    • Generate buds

    • Perform extracellular digestion

    • Harbor sensory cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Attach the cnidarian to the substrate
    Explanation
    The basal or pedal disc in cnidarians functions to attach the organism to the substrate. This disc acts as a base for the tentacles and provides stability for the cnidarian. By attaching to the substrate, the cnidarian can remain in place and capture prey more effectively. This attachment also helps protect the cnidarian from being swept away by water currents.

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  • 10. 

    The blood fluke Schistosoma is

    • An endoparasite

    • An ectoparasite

    • Free-living

    • Mutualistic

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. An endoparasite
    Explanation
    Schistosoma is classified as an endoparasite because it lives inside the body of its host. It infects humans and other animals by penetrating the skin and then migrating to the blood vessels where it lays eggs. The eggs are then released into the environment through the host's urine or feces, completing the life cycle. As an endoparasite, Schistosoma relies on its host for survival and causes harm to the host by causing a disease called schistosomiasis.

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  • 11. 

    The structure that is used for feeding in most mollusks is the

    • Buccal cavity

    • Mouth

    • Radula

    • Odontophore

    • Gilles

    Correct Answer
    A. Radula
    Explanation
    The radula is a specialized feeding structure found in most mollusks. It is a ribbon-like structure with rows of tiny teeth that are used for scraping or rasping food particles. The radula is located in the buccal cavity, which is the mouth of the mollusk. This structure allows mollusks to feed on a variety of food sources, such as algae, small organisms, and detritus. The radula is an important adaptation that helps mollusks obtain nutrients and survive in their respective environments.

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  • 12. 

    The paddle-like appendages that characterize the polychaetes are called

    • Propodia

    • Peripodia

    • Parapodia

    • Setae

    • Septa

    Correct Answer
    A. Parapodia
    Explanation
    Parapodia are the paddle-like appendages that characterize the polychaetes. These structures are found on each segment of the polychaete's body and are used for locomotion, respiration, and sometimes for feeding. Parapodia are covered in bristles called setae, which provide traction and aid in movement. The other options, propodia, peripodia, setae, and septa, are not the correct terms for the paddle-like appendages of polychaetes.

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  • 13. 

    The annelids have a double circulation in that materials can be moved by the blood or by the

    • Coelomic fluid

    • Peristalsis of the intestine

    • Excretory organs

    • Respiratory flaw

    Correct Answer
    A. Coelomic fluid
    Explanation
    Annelids have a double circulation system where materials can be moved by both the blood and the coelomic fluid. The coelomic fluid, also known as the coelomic transport system, is a fluid-filled body cavity that surrounds the internal organs. It plays a role in transporting nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body. This fluid circulation complements the circulatory system, which consists of a closed blood vessel system that carries oxygenated blood and nutrients. Together, these two systems ensure efficient transport of materials within the annelid's body.

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  • 14. 

    The water current in the body of a cephalopod provides

    • Oxygen for respiration

    • Jet power for rapid locomotion

    • A means of carrying wastes and gametes out of the body

    • Only a and c are true

    • All of the above are true

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are true
    Explanation
    The water current in the body of a cephalopod provides oxygen for respiration because cephalopods have gills that extract oxygen from water. It also provides jet power for rapid locomotion as cephalopods can expel water forcefully through a siphon to propel themselves. Additionally, the water current helps carry wastes and gametes out of the body as these substances are expelled along with the water. Therefore, all of the given options, a, b, and c, are true.

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  • 15. 

    The ________ stage is best adapted for cnidarians living in colonies while the ____ stage helps in dispersal and survival in open oceans.

    • Gastrazooid; dactylozooid

    • Lappet; rhopalium

    • Medusa, polyp

    • Polyp; medusa

    • Dactylozooid; gastrozooid

    Correct Answer
    A. Polyp; medusa
    Explanation
    In cnidarians, the polyp stage is best adapted for those living in colonies because it allows for attachment to a substrate and the formation of a protective outer layer. This stage is characterized by a tubular body with a mouth surrounded by tentacles. On the other hand, the medusa stage helps in dispersal and survival in open oceans. It is characterized by a bell-shaped body with tentacles hanging down, allowing for movement and feeding in the water column. The medusa stage is typically free-swimming and allows for the cnidarian to travel long distances and reproduce.

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  • 16. 

    What system do cnidaria have that sponges lack?

    • Respiratory

    • Nervous

    • Circulatory

    • Excretory

    • Reproductive

    Correct Answer
    A. Nervous
    Explanation
    Cnidaria have a nervous system, while sponges lack one. The nervous system allows cnidaria to respond to stimuli and coordinate their movements. Sponges, on the other hand, do not have a centralized nervous system and rely on other mechanisms for feeding and reproduction.

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  • 17. 

    The nervous system of a freshwater planarian consists of

    • Only a diffuse epidermal nerve plexus underneath the ventral skin

    • A simple brain of ganglion cells leading to a ladder-type nerve network

    • Only sensory and motor neurons but no association neurons

    • The first complex central nervous system

    • No cells since they were lost along with other unnecessary systems in parasites

    Correct Answer
    A. A simple brain of ganglion cells leading to a ladder-type nerve network
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "A simple brain of ganglion cells leading to a ladder-type nerve network." This explanation suggests that the nervous system of a freshwater planarian consists of a simple brain made up of ganglion cells, which are clusters of nerve cells. These ganglion cells then lead to a ladder-type nerve network, which is a characteristic feature of planarians. This arrangement allows for coordination and control of the planarian's movements and behaviors.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following best describes the circulatory system of earthworms?

    • A double transport system with coelomic and circulatory fluid transport

    • A double transport system with lymph and circulatory fluid transport

    • A single transport system with circulation by blood only

    • A single transport system with circulation by coelomic fluid only

    • A blood vascular system

    Correct Answer
    A. A double transport system with coelomic and circulatory fluid transport
    Explanation
    The circulatory system of earthworms is described as a double transport system with coelomic and circulatory fluid transport. This means that earthworms have two separate systems for transporting fluids. The coelomic fluid, which is found in the body cavity called the coelom, helps in the transport of nutrients and waste products within the worm's body. The circulatory fluid, which is similar to blood, is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the earthworm's body. This double transport system allows for efficient distribution of essential substances throughout the earthworm's body.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following in NOT a subclass of class Anthozoa?

    • Zoantharia

    • Alcyonaria

    • Daria

    • Ceriantipatharia

    Correct Answer
    A. Daria
    Explanation
    The question asks for a subclass of class Anthozoa that is NOT included in the given options. Among the options provided, Zoantharia, Alcyonaria, and Ceriantipatharia are all subclasses of class Anthozoa. However, Daria is not a subclass of class Anthozoa.

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  • 20. 

    A mollusk that is a univalve with one opening to the shell or does not have a shell and shows torsion to some extent is in the class

    • Scaphopoda

    • Gastropoda

    • Bivalvia

    • Cephalopoda

    • Mollusca

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastropoda
    Explanation
    Gastropoda is the correct answer because it is the class of mollusks that includes univalve mollusks with one opening to the shell or mollusks that do not have a shell at all. This class also exhibits torsion, which is a characteristic twisting of the body during development. Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda are other classes of mollusks, but they do not fit the given description. Mollusca is the phylum to which all mollusks belong.

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  • 21. 

    The gizzard of an earthworm

    • Absorbs calcium into the blood circulation

    • Excretes calcium from the blood into the intestines

    • Stores ingested food

    • Grinds the ingested food so it may be absorbs

    • Nothing really, just connects the crop and the intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. Grinds the ingested food so it may be absorbs
    Explanation
    The gizzard of an earthworm is responsible for grinding the ingested food so that it can be absorbed. This is an important function as earthworms do not have teeth to chew their food. The grinding action of the gizzard helps break down the food into smaller particles, making it easier for the earthworm's digestive system to extract nutrients.

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  • 22. 

    Animals that have three germ layers of embryonic tissue but have organs in a cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm are

    • Coelomate

    • Acoelomate

    • Pseudocoelomate

    • Quasicoelomate

    • Eucoelomate

    Correct Answer
    A. Pseudocoelomate
    Explanation
    Pseudocoelomate animals have three germ layers of embryonic tissue but their body cavity, called a pseudocoelom, is not completely lined with mesoderm. The mesoderm only partially surrounds the internal organs, leaving some organs in direct contact with the pseudocoelom. This is in contrast to coelomate animals, where the body cavity is completely lined with mesoderm, and acoelomate animals, which lack a body cavity altogether. Quasicoelomate and eucoelomate are not valid terms in the classification of animals.

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  • 23. 

    Food is drawn into the mouth of an oligiochaete by suction created by the muscular

    • Contraction

    • Pharnyx

    • Jaws

    • Chloragogen

    • Prostomium

    Correct Answer
    A. Pharnyx
    Explanation
    The correct answer is pharynx. The pharynx is a muscular tube located in the throat that helps in the process of swallowing food. It contracts and creates suction, drawing the food into the mouth of an oligochaete. The pharynx plays a crucial role in the ingestion and digestion of food in oligochaetes.

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  • 24. 

    The simplest canal system in sponges is found in the

    • Asconoids

    • Leucononoids

    • Syconoids

    • Cubozoids

    • Hydroids

    Correct Answer
    A. Asconoids
    Explanation
    Asconoids have the simplest canal system in sponges. This system consists of a single, straight tube with a large central cavity called the spongocoel. Water enters through small pores called ostia and then flows into the spongocoel, where it is filtered and nutrients are extracted. The water then exits through a larger opening called the osculum. Asconoids are the most primitive and basic type of sponge canal system, with a limited surface area for filtration compared to other types such as syconoids or leuconoids.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following is not a modified version of the foot?

    • Fins

    • Tentacles

    • Arms

    • Siphon

    Correct Answer
    A. Siphon
    Explanation
    The answer is Siphon because a siphon is not a modified version of the foot. Fins, tentacles, and arms are all examples of modified versions of the foot found in different animals. Fins are modified for swimming, tentacles are modified for grasping or sensing, and arms are modified for manipulation. However, a siphon is a tubular structure used by certain animals, such as mollusks, for various functions like respiration or expelling waste, and it is not derived from the foot.

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  • 26. 

    The structure of oligiochaetes, which secretes mucus and produces a cocoon that protects the developing young zygotes is called the

    • Slime layer

    • Epidermis

    • Setae

    • Clitellum

    • Prostomium

    Correct Answer
    A. Clitellum
    Explanation
    The structure of oligochaetes that secretes mucus and produces a cocoon to protect the developing young zygotes is called the clitellum. The clitellum is a glandular and swollen segment located near the anterior end of the worm's body. During reproduction, it secretes a mucus ring that slides forward to collect eggs and sperm, forming a cocoon. This cocoon provides a protective environment for the fertilized eggs to develop into young worms.

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  • 27. 

    Study of the marine hawksbille tutle stomach contents found that sponges were a major portion of their diet.  Sponges are usually protected from predators by protective

    • Pinacocytes

    • Choanocytes

    • Spicules

    • Amoebocytes

    • Nematocysts

    Correct Answer
    A. Spicules
    Explanation
    The correct answer is spicules. Spicules are small, needle-like structures found in the body of sponges that provide structural support and protection. They are made of calcium carbonate or silica, making them hard and sharp. These spicules act as a defense mechanism against predators, preventing them from consuming the sponges. Therefore, the presence of spicules in the stomach contents of marine hawksbill turtles suggests that the turtles are able to consume and digest sponges, despite their protective structure.

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  • 28. 

    Sensory cells responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium are

    • Ocelli

    • Statocysts

    • Nerve cells

    • Gland cells

    • Muscle cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Statocysts
    Explanation
    Statocysts are sensory cells responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium in organisms. They are found in invertebrates such as crustaceans and jellyfish. Statocysts contain small, dense particles called statoliths, which move in response to gravity and changes in motion. This movement is sensed by hair cells within the statocyst, which then send signals to the brain to help maintain balance and orientation. Therefore, statocysts are the correct answer as they specifically function in maintaining balance and equilibrium.

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  • 29. 

    Torsion is a process that rotates _______________ of the body of gastropods.

    • Surface

    • Mantle

    • Viscera

    • Tentacles

    • Shell

    Correct Answer
    A. Viscera
    Explanation
    Torsion is a process that rotates the viscera of the body of gastropods. Torsion is a characteristic feature of gastropods, where the visceral mass undergoes a 180-degree rotation during development. This rotation brings the anus and mantle cavity to the front of the body, allowing for efficient waste elimination and respiration. The rotation of the viscera is essential for the proper functioning and survival of gastropods.

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  • 30. 

    Sea anemones and corals lack

    • A sexual stage

    • An asexual stage

    • A polyp stage

    • A medusa stage

    • A larval stage

    Correct Answer
    A. A medusa stage
    Explanation
    Sea anemones and corals lack a medusa stage in their life cycle. Medusa is the free-swimming, bell-shaped stage found in the life cycle of some cnidarians, such as jellyfish. Instead, sea anemones and corals go through a polyp stage, where they are attached to a substrate and have a cylindrical body with tentacles surrounding a central mouth. This stage is responsible for reproduction and asexual reproduction, as they can reproduce by budding or by producing gametes. Therefore, the absence of a medusa stage is a characteristic feature of sea anemones and corals.

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  • 31. 

    Reproduction is sponges is

    • Asexual by budding

    • Sexual by gemmules

    • Sexual with both male and female sex cells in separate individual

    • Asexual by pedal laceration

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Sponges reproduce asexually by budding, where a small outgrowth or bud forms on the parent sponge and eventually detaches to become a new individual. This process allows for rapid reproduction and colonization of new areas. Asexual reproduction through budding is a common method among many simple organisms, including sponges.

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  • 32. 

    The typical annelid body wall is composed of several layers.  Which of the following layers is in the correct order, outside to inside?

    • Peritoneum, circular muscle, cuticle

    • Longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, cuticle

    • Cuticle, epidermis, longitudinal muscle

    • Epidermis, peritoneum, longitudinal muscle

    • Cuticle, longitudinal muscle, peritoneum

    Correct Answer
    A. Cuticle, epidermis, longitudinal muscle
    Explanation
    The correct order of the layers in the typical annelid body wall, from outside to inside, is cuticle, epidermis, longitudinal muscle. The cuticle is the outermost layer, followed by the epidermis, and then the longitudinal muscle.

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  • 33. 

    The alternating longitudinal and circular muscle contractions that pass along the body to facilitate locomotion are called

    • Progressive

    • Peristaltic

    • Hydrostatic

    • Regressive

    • Coelomic

    Correct Answer
    A. Peristaltic
    Explanation
    Peristaltic contractions refer to the alternating longitudinal and circular muscle contractions that move along the body to facilitate locomotion. These contractions create a wave-like motion, pushing against the surrounding fluid or substrate to propel the organism forward. This type of movement is commonly observed in many invertebrates, such as worms and mollusks, as well as in some vertebrates, like the digestive system. Therefore, peristaltic is the correct answer to the question.

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  • 34. 

    The most complex and the most common canal systems of sponges is found in the 

    • Asconoids

    • Leucononoids

    • Syconoids

    • Cubozoids

    • Hydroids

    Correct Answer
    A. Leucononoids
    Explanation
    The most complex and common canal systems of sponges are found in the Leucononoids. Leucononoids are a type of sponge characterized by a complex network of canals and chambers. This complex system allows for efficient water flow and filtration, as well as increased surface area for nutrient absorption. Asconoids have a simpler canal system, Syconoids have a slightly more complex system, Cubozoids are not a type of sponge, and Hydroids are a type of cnidarian, not a sponge.

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  • 35. 

    The outer thin, flat epithelial-like cells that cover the outside and some inside surfaces of sponges are

    • Pinacocytes

    • Choanocytes

    • Spiclues

    • Amoebocytes

    • Spongin

    Correct Answer
    A. Pinacocytes
    Explanation
    Pinacocytes are the outer thin, flat epithelial-like cells that cover the outside and some inside surfaces of sponges. These cells form a protective layer and help maintain the structure of the sponge. They are responsible for covering the sponge's surface and preventing foreign particles from entering the sponge's body. Additionally, pinacocytes also play a role in gas exchange and waste removal.

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  • 36. 

    The function of rhopalia is

    • Digestive

    • Respiratory

    • Sensory

    • Reproductive

    • Excretory

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory
    Explanation
    The function of rhopalia is sensory. Rhopalia are specialized structures found in certain marine organisms, such as jellyfish and sea anemones. They contain sensory cells, including photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors, which allow the organisms to detect and respond to their environment. These sensory cells help the organisms to sense light, gravity, and movement, and play a crucial role in their survival and navigation. Therefore, the correct answer is sensory.

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  • 37. 

    1. The correct sequence of development is a typical fluke life cycle is

    • Egg, miracidium, cercaria, sporocyst

    • Egg, miracidium, sporocyst, cercaria

    • Egg, sporocyst, cercaria, miracidium

    • Egg, cercaria, miracyst, sporocyst

    • Egg, sporocyst, miracidium, cercaria

    Correct Answer
    A. Egg, miracidium, sporocyst, cercaria
    Explanation
    The correct sequence of development in a typical fluke life cycle starts with the egg stage, followed by the miracidium stage, then the sporocyst stage, and finally the cercaria stage.

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  • 38. 

    The mild nematode infection somewhat common among children in teh southern United States, and transmitted as eggs from anal to oral regions by the hands is

    • Trichinella

    • Ascaris

    • Hoodworm

    • Pinworm

    • Ringworm

    Correct Answer
    A. Pinworm
    Explanation
    Pinworm is a type of nematode infection that is relatively common among children in the southern United States. It is transmitted through the ingestion of eggs that are transferred from the anal to oral regions by the hands. Pinworm infection is characterized by symptoms such as itching around the anus, restless sleep, and irritability. Treatment typically involves medication to kill the worms and good hygiene practices to prevent reinfection.

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  • 39. 

    The portion of the radula that supports the teeth and is cartilaginous is called the

    • Spicule

    • Odontophore

    • Radula Muscles

    • Pen

    • Collumella

    Correct Answer
    A. Odontophore
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Odontophore. The radula is a feeding organ found in mollusks, particularly in gastropods. It is a ribbon-like structure with rows of tiny teeth that scrape food particles. The odontophore is the part of the radula that supports the teeth and is made of cartilage. It provides rigidity and support to the radula, allowing it to function effectively in feeding.

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  • 40. 

    When caphalopods hatch from their eggs, they are

    • Trochophore larvae

    • Glochidial parasites

    • Helpless sessile larvae that must metamorphose into adult forms

    • Juvenile that resemble small adults

    • There is much variation and all of the above occur among the group

    Correct Answer
    A. Juvenile that resemble small adults
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Juvenile that resemble small adults." When cephalopods hatch from their eggs, they do not go through a larval stage but instead emerge as miniature versions of the adult form. They have the same body structure and characteristics as the adults, although they are smaller in size. This allows them to immediately start feeding and moving independently.

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  • 41. 

    The hirudineans

    • Are endoparasites

    • Develop an increasing number of segments during adult life

    • Usually lack setae

    • Typically have anterior and midventral sucker, similar to flukes

    • Utilize parapodia for respiration

    Correct Answer
    A. Usually lack setae
    Explanation
    Hirudineans are a group of organisms that are endoparasites, meaning they live inside another organism and obtain nutrients from it. They typically do not have setae, which are bristle-like structures that are present in many other organisms. This lack of setae distinguishes hirudineans from other organisms.

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  • 42. 

    Cells responsible for water flow and capture of some particles are the 

    • Myocytes

    • Archaeocytes

    • Choanocytes

    • Pinacocytes

    • Gemmules

    Correct Answer
    A. Choanocytes
    Explanation
    Choanocytes are responsible for water flow and capture of some particles in certain organisms, such as sponges. These specialized cells have a collar-like structure with a flagellum that creates water currents, allowing them to filter out food particles and other substances from the surrounding water. Choanocytes play a crucial role in the feeding and filtration processes of sponges, helping them obtain nutrients and maintain their overall health.

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  • 43. 

    The class Hydrozoa contain Hydra, Obelia, and

    • The Portuguese man-of-war

    • Aurelia

    • The sea anemones

    • Most of the corals

    • Moon jellyfish

    Correct Answer
    A. The Portuguese man-of-war
    Explanation
    The class Hydrozoa contains various organisms such as Hydra, Obelia, and the Portuguese man-of-war. The Portuguese man-of-war is a marine animal that belongs to the class Hydrozoa. It is a colony of organisms, consisting of specialized polyps working together. The other options listed, such as Aurelia (a genus of jellyfish), sea anemones, and most corals, do not belong to the class Hydrozoa. Therefore, the correct answer is the Portuguese man-of-war.

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  • 44. 

    The intermediate host of the blood fluke is

    • Fish

    • Human

    • Snail

    • Dog

    • Rate

    Correct Answer
    A. Snail
    Explanation
    The correct answer is snail because blood flukes require a snail as an intermediate host in their life cycle. The adult flukes lay their eggs in the blood vessels of infected humans or animals, which are then released into the water through urine or feces. The eggs hatch into larvae, which infect a specific species of snail. Inside the snail, the larvae develop into a different stage before being released into the water again. These free-swimming larvae can then penetrate the skin of humans or animals, completing their life cycle and causing infection. Therefore, the snail plays a crucial role as the intermediate host for blood flukes.

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  • 45. 

    The first larval stage that is typical of mollusks is the 

    • Planula

    • Actinotroph

    • Veliger

    • Trochophore

    • Glochidium

    Correct Answer
    A. Trochophore
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Trochophore because it is the first larval stage that is typical of mollusks. Trochophore larvae have a ciliated band around their bodies that helps them swim and feed. They are usually planktonic and undergo metamorphosis to develop into the adult form of the mollusk. This larval stage is common among many different groups of mollusks, including gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods.

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  • 46. 

    The hirudineans have ___________ segments, and anterior and posterior suckers, and no ____________.

    • 15, parapodia

    • 34, jaws

    • 12, paddles

    • 34, parapodia

    • 15, jaws

    Correct Answer
    A. 34, parapodia
    Explanation
    Hirudineans have 34 segments, which is indicated by the number 34 in the answer choice. They also have parapodia, as indicated by the word "parapodia" in the answer choice. The presence of anterior and posterior suckers is not mentioned in the answer choice.

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  • 47. 

    Polychaetes have the ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity in their enviornment.  This ability is called

    • Eukaroyte

    • Euryhaline

    • Eurytopic

    • Euploidy

    • Salthappy

    Correct Answer
    A. Euryhaline
    Explanation
    The term "euryhaline" refers to the ability of an organism to tolerate a wide range of salinity in its environment. In the context of the given statement, polychaetes are able to survive and thrive in various levels of salinity, making them euryhaline organisms. This adaptation allows them to inhabit different types of aquatic environments, from freshwater to marine habitats, without being negatively affected by changes in salinity.

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  • 48. 

    The correct sequence in the life cycle of the jellyfish Aurelia is

    • Planula, ephyra, scyphistoma

    • Scyphistoma, planula, ephyra

    • Planula, scyphistoma, ephyra

    • Ephyra, planula, scyphistoma

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Planula, scyphistoma, ephyra
    Explanation
    The correct sequence in the life cycle of the jellyfish Aurelia is Planula, scyphistoma, ephyra. This is because the life cycle of Aurelia begins with the planula larva, which develops into a polyp called a scyphistoma. The scyphistoma then undergoes asexual reproduction to produce tiny medusae called ephyrae. These ephyrae grow and develop into mature jellyfish. Therefore, the correct sequence is Planula, scyphistoma, ephyra.

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  • 49. 

    Turbellarians, such as the planaria, move by

    • Flame cells

    • Small pseudopods

    • Lateral undulation of muscles

    • Expulsion of fluids as seen in squid

    • Secreting a slime track of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia and muscular waves

    Correct Answer
    A. Secreting a slime track of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia and muscular waves
    Explanation
    Turbellarians, such as the planaria, move by secreting a slime track of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia and muscular waves. This method of movement allows them to glide smoothly over surfaces. The slime track reduces friction and provides a lubricated surface for the planaria to move on. The epidermal cilia and muscular waves work together to create forward propulsion, pushing against the slime track and propelling the planaria forward. This combination of mucus secretion, cilia movement, and muscular waves enables turbellarians to move efficiently and effectively.

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