YMCA L3 Anatomy - Muscle Actions
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Describe the position of the internal obliques
- A.
Posterior to the external obliques
- B.
Anterior to the external obliques
- C.
Inferior to the external obliques
- D.
Superior to the external obliques
Correct Answer
A. Posterior to the external obliquesExplanation
The internal obliques are located behind or posterior to the external obliques. This means that they are positioned deeper within the abdominal wall, with the external obliques being more superficial or closer to the surface.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?
- A.
Teres minor, supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus
- B.
Teres major, supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus
- C.
Teres minor, supraspinatus, serratus anterior, infraspinatus
- D.
Teres major, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, teres minor
Correct Answer
A. Teres minor, supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatusExplanation
The correct answer is Teres minor, supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus. These four muscles make up the rotator cuff, which is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. The teres minor helps to externally rotate the arm, the supraspinatus assists with abduction of the arm, the subscapularis internally rotates the arm, and the infraspinatus externally rotates the arm. These muscles work together to provide stability and movement to the shoulder joint.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What muscles attach onto the femur and calcaneus?
- A.
Gastrocnemius/Soleus
- B.
Tibialis anterior/Soleus
- C.
Psoas major/Illiacus
- D.
Biceps/brachialis
Correct Answer
A. Gastrocnemius/SoleusExplanation
The muscles that attach onto the femur and calcaneus are the Gastrocnemius and Soleus. The Gastrocnemius is a large calf muscle that originates from the back of the femur and attaches to the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon. The Soleus is a smaller muscle located beneath the Gastrocnemius and also attaches to the calcaneus. These muscles work together to allow plantar flexion of the foot and are important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What muscle attaches to the scapula and radius?
- A.
Biceps
- B.
Triceps
- C.
Deltoid
- D.
Brachialis
Correct Answer
A. BicepsExplanation
The biceps muscle attaches to both the scapula (shoulder blade) and the radius (one of the two bones in the forearm). It is responsible for flexing the elbow joint and supinating the forearm (turning the palm upward).Rate this question:
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- 5.
What muscle attaches to the lumbar vertebrae and femur?
- A.
Psoas major
- B.
Iliacus
- C.
Sartorius
- D.
Gluteus maximus
Correct Answer
A. Psoas majorExplanation
The Psoas major muscle attaches to both the lumbar vertebrae and the femur. It is a long muscle that runs from the lower spine to the thigh bone. Its primary function is to flex the hip joint, allowing for movements such as lifting the leg and bending at the waist. Therefore, the Psoas major is the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is not a hamstring muscle?
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Biceps femoris
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Semitendinosus
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris is not a hamstring muscle. The hamstrings are a group of muscles located at the back of the thigh, which include the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. The rectus femoris, on the other hand, is a muscle located in the front of the thigh and is part of the quadriceps muscle group.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is a role of the hamstring muscles?
- A.
Knee flexion
- B.
Ankle dorsiflexion
- C.
Knee extension
- D.
Hip flexion
Correct Answer
A. Knee flexionExplanation
The hamstring muscles are responsible for knee flexion. When the hamstring muscles contract, they bend the knee joint, bringing the lower leg closer to the upper leg. This movement is important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The other options listed, ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and hip flexion, are not roles of the hamstring muscles.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following muscles helps to retract the scapula?
- A.
Rhomboids
- B.
Serratus anterior
- C.
Trapezius
- D.
Pectoralis minor
Correct Answer
A. RhomboidsExplanation
The rhomboids are the muscles that help to retract the scapula. They are located between the spine and the scapula and their main function is to pull the scapula towards the midline of the body. When the rhomboids contract, they retract the scapula, bringing it closer to the spine. This movement is important for stabilizing the shoulder blade and allowing for proper movement of the shoulder joint. The other muscles listed, such as the serratus anterior, trapezius, and pectoralis minor, have different functions and do not primarily contribute to scapular retraction.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is not a muscle of the shoulder joint?
- A.
Triceps
- B.
Pectoralis major
- C.
Latissimus dorsi
- D.
Deltoid
Correct Answer
A. TricepsExplanation
The triceps is not a muscle of the shoulder joint. It is a muscle located on the back of the upper arm and is responsible for extending the elbow joint. The shoulder joint is primarily composed of the deltoid, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi muscles, which are involved in various movements and stabilization of the shoulder.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following muscles adducts and extends the arm?
- A.
Latissimus dorsi
- B.
Deltodi
- C.
Pectoralis minor
- D.
Rhomboids
Correct Answer
A. Latissimus dorsiExplanation
The latissimus dorsi muscle is responsible for adducting and extending the arm. Adduction refers to bringing the arm closer to the body, while extension refers to straightening the arm. The latissimus dorsi muscle is a large muscle located in the back that connects the upper arm to the spine and pelvis. It plays a significant role in movements such as pulling, rowing, and swimming.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is one of the main roles of the rotator cuff muscles?
- A.
Stabilising the joint
- B.
Adduction of the arm
- C.
Elevation of the shoulder
- D.
Depression of the shoulder
Correct Answer
A. Stabilising the jointExplanation
The rotator cuff muscles play a crucial role in stabilizing the joint. They help to keep the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) securely within the socket of the shoulder joint. This stability is important for maintaining proper alignment and preventing dislocation or injury during movements of the arm. The rotator cuff muscles also assist in controlling the range of motion of the shoulder joint and contribute to the overall strength and function of the shoulder.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What muscle attaches to the scapula and ulna?
- A.
Triceps
- B.
Biceps
- C.
Deltoid
- D.
Brachioradialis
Correct Answer
A. TricepsExplanation
The triceps muscle is the correct answer because it attaches to both the scapula (shoulder blade) and the ulna (one of the bones in the forearm). The triceps muscle is responsible for extending the forearm at the elbow joint.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following muscles assists in extension of the elbow?
- A.
Triceps
- B.
Biceps
- C.
Brachioradialis
- D.
Brachialis
Correct Answer
A. TricepsExplanation
The triceps muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. It is located at the back of the upper arm and consists of three heads - the long head, lateral head, and medial head. When the triceps contracts, it pulls the forearm away from the upper arm, resulting in extension of the elbow joint. This action is important for movements such as pushing, throwing, and performing triceps exercises. The biceps muscle, on the other hand, is responsible for flexing the elbow joint, not extending it. The brachioradialis and brachialis muscles also assist in flexion of the elbow, not extension.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following muscles assists in flexion of the elbow?
- A.
Biceps
- B.
Triceps
- C.
Deltoid
- D.
Brachialis
Correct Answer
A. BicepsExplanation
The biceps muscle assists in flexion of the elbow. When the biceps muscle contracts, it pulls on the forearm, causing it to bend at the elbow joint. This action allows for movements such as lifting objects or bringing the hand closer to the shoulder. The triceps muscle, on the other hand, is responsible for extension of the elbow, while the deltoid muscle primarily helps in shoulder abduction and the brachialis muscle assists in flexion of the forearm.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the main role of the erector spinae group of muscles?
- A.
Extension of the spine
- B.
Hyperextension of the spine
- C.
Rotation of the spine
- D.
Flexion of the spine
Correct Answer
A. Extension of the spineExplanation
The erector spinae group of muscles is responsible for extending the spine. These muscles run along the back and help to maintain an upright posture and control movements such as bending backward or lifting objects. They work in conjunction with other muscles to provide stability and support to the spine, allowing for extension and maintaining proper alignment.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is most superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall?
- A.
Rectus abdominis
- B.
Transverse abdominis
- C.
Erector spinae
- D.
Internal obliques
Correct Answer
A. Rectus abdominisExplanation
The rectus abdominis is the most superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is a paired muscle that runs vertically along the midline of the abdomen, extending from the pubic bone to the sternum. It is responsible for flexing the trunk and compressing the abdominal contents. The other options, including the transverse abdominis, erector spinae, and internal obliques, are deeper muscles that provide support and stability to the abdominal wall but are not as superficial as the rectus abdominis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The role of the anterior muscles of the pelvic girdle and hip joint is to….
- A.
Flex the hip and extend the knee
- B.
Extend the hip and flex the knee
- C.
Adduct the thigh
- D.
Abduct the thigh
Correct Answer
A. Flex the hip and extend the kneeExplanation
The role of the anterior muscles of the pelvic girdle and hip joint is to flex the hip and extend the knee. These muscles, such as the iliopsoas and rectus femoris, work together to bring the thigh towards the chest and straighten the leg at the knee joint. This action is commonly seen in movements like walking, running, and climbing stairs.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The role of the posterior muscles of the pelvic girdle and hip joint is to….
- A.
Extend the hip and flex the knee
- B.
Adduct the thigh
- C.
Abduct the thigh
- D.
Flex the hip and extend the knee
Correct Answer
A. Extend the hip and flex the kneeExplanation
The correct answer is "Extend the hip and flex the knee." The posterior muscles of the pelvic girdle and hip joint are responsible for extending the hip joint, which involves moving the thigh backward. These muscles also flex the knee joint, which involves bending the lower leg towards the thigh. Therefore, the role of these muscles is to extend the hip and flex the knee.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is the name of the sheath of connective tissue that encloses the muscles of the pelvic girdle?
- A.
Fascia latae
- B.
Multifidus
- C.
Rectus femoris
- D.
Gluteus medius
Correct Answer
A. Fascia lataeExplanation
The correct answer is Fascia latae. Fascia latae is a strong connective tissue sheath that surrounds the muscles of the pelvic girdle. It provides support and protection to these muscles and helps maintain their position and function.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which muscle is involved in ankle dorsi-flexion?
- A.
Tibialis anterior
- B.
Rectus femoris
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Soleus
Correct Answer
A. Tibialis anteriorExplanation
The muscle involved in ankle dorsi-flexion is the Tibialis anterior. This muscle is located in the front of the lower leg and is responsible for lifting the foot upwards towards the shin. It plays a crucial role in activities such as walking, running, and jumping, as it helps to control the movement of the foot and maintain balance.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following are the four quadriceps muscles?
- A.
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis
- B.
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior
- C.
Biceps femoris, rectrus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
- D.
Vastus medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralisExplanation
The four quadriceps muscles are the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. These muscles are located in the front of the thigh and work together to extend the leg at the knee joint. The other options listed in the question include muscles that are not part of the quadriceps group or include incorrect combinations of quadriceps muscles.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is the main role of the quadriceps group?
- A.
Stability of the knee joint
- B.
Stability of the hip joint
- C.
Avoiding hyperextension of the knee
- D.
To assist in hip extension
Correct Answer
A. Stability of the knee jointExplanation
The main role of the quadriceps group is to provide stability to the knee joint. The quadriceps muscles, which include the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius, work together to extend the knee and prevent excessive movement or hyperextension. These muscles play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the knee joint during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What muscle adducts and flexes the hip?
- A.
Pectineus
- B.
Gracilis
- C.
Piriformis
- D.
Sartorius
Correct Answer
A. PectineusExplanation
The pectineus muscle is responsible for adducting and flexing the hip. Adduction refers to bringing the leg towards the midline of the body, while flexion refers to bending the hip joint. The pectineus muscle is located in the upper thigh region and plays a role in stabilizing the hip joint during movement.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What actions are performed by the Tensor fascia latae?
- A.
Flexion and abduction of the hip
- B.
Extension and abduction of the hip
- C.
Flexion and adduction of the hip
- D.
Extension and adduction of the hip
Correct Answer
A. Flexion and abduction of the hipExplanation
The Tensor fascia latae is a muscle located on the side of the hip. It is responsible for both flexion and abduction of the hip joint. Flexion refers to bending the hip joint, while abduction refers to moving the leg away from the midline of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is flexion and abduction of the hip.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What actions are performed by the piriformis muscle?
- A.
Hip abduction
- B.
Hip adduction
- C.
Hip flexion
- D.
Hip extension
Correct Answer
A. Hip abductionExplanation
The piriformis muscle is responsible for hip abduction, which is the movement of the leg away from the midline of the body. This muscle helps to stabilize the hip joint and plays a role in maintaining proper alignment and balance during activities such as walking, running, and standing. Hip abduction is important for maintaining a wide range of motion in the hip joint and for performing various lower body movements.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 15, 2018Quiz Created by
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