Wood

Xylem is the correct answer because it is the scientific name for the tissue in plants that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is commonly referred to as wood in trees and other woody plants. Xylem is responsible for providing support and strength to the plant, as well as conducting water and minerals.

The figure shows a type of wood joining known as a finger joint. This type of joint is created by interlocking multiple rectangular projections, resembling fingers, on the ends of two pieces of wood. The fingers on one piece fit into the spaces between the fingers on the other piece, creating a strong and secure connection. This type of joint is often used in woodworking to join pieces of wood together at right angles.

A cornice is a decorative molding that is installed at the junction of a wall and ceiling. It is designed to hide any imperfections or gaps that may exist at the edges of the ceiling. Cornices add an aesthetic touch to a room while also serving a functional purpose by concealing any flaws in the ceiling's finish or construction. Therefore, cornice is the correct answer as it effectively hides ceiling edges imperfections.

Xylem is the correct answer because it is a tissue in plants that is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is commonly found in wood and plays a crucial role in the structure and support of plants. The other options, xylastrus orbiculatus, parenchyma, and Cycadophyta, are not scientific names for wood but rather refer to specific plant species or types of plant tissues.

The correct answer is dove tail. A dovetail joint is a strong and durable woodworking joint that is commonly used to join two pieces of wood at right angles. It is characterized by its interlocking shape, with a series of trapezoidal pins on one piece fitting into corresponding tails on the other piece. This type of joint provides excellent strength and resistance to pulling forces, making it ideal for joining drawers, cabinets, and other furniture pieces.

The correct answer is b. In this joining system, the tenon refers to the projecting piece of wood that is inserted into a corresponding mortise (a hole or slot) to create a secure joint.

Plywood is made by bonding together thin layers of wood in a way that the grain of each layer is at right angles to the grain of each adjacent layer. This cross-grain construction gives plywood its strength and stability, making it a popular choice for various applications such as furniture, flooring, and construction projects. Plywood is known for its durability, resistance to warping, and versatility, making it a suitable material for a wide range of uses.

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The total board feet of 10 pieces of a 2"x2"x12" wood is 40. This can be calculated by multiplying the length, width, and thickness of each piece of wood and then multiplying it by the number of pieces. In this case, the length is 12 inches, the width is 2 inches, and the thickness is 2 inches. Multiplying these values gives us 48 cubic inches. Since there are 12 board feet in a cubic foot, we divide 48 by 12 to get 4 board feet for each piece. Finally, multiplying this by the number of pieces (10) gives us a total of 40 board feet.

Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is obtained by rotary cutting, slicing, or sawing from a log. It is used as a superior facing material to cover and enhance the appearance of inferior wood, forming plywood. Veneer is a common choice for this purpose due to its attractive grain patterns and smooth surface. It provides a high-quality finish to plywood and improves its overall aesthetic appeal.

The correct answer is 500 because to calculate the board foot, we need to multiply the length (10 feet) by the width (2 inches) and the thickness (3 inches) of each piece. Then, we divide the total by 12 to convert it to board feet. So, (10 ft x 2 in x 3 in x 100 pcs) / 12 = 500 board feet.

Cyma reversa is the ideal moulding for ceiling corners. It is a concave shape that creates an elegant and decorative transition between the ceiling and the wall. Its curved design adds a touch of sophistication to the room and helps to soften the sharp angles of the corner. This type of moulding is commonly used in traditional or classical interior design styles.

Mr. Kubo bought 50 pieces of wood, and the price per board foot is 2.50 PHP. The size of each wood is given as 4" x 8" x 12'. To calculate the total cost, we need to find the total board feet of wood purchased.

First, we convert the dimensions to feet: 4" = 0.33 ft, 8" = 0.67 ft, and 12' = 12 ft.

Next, we multiply these dimensions to find the volume of each wood: 0.33 ft x 0.67 ft x 12 ft = 2.6736 ft³.

Since there are 50 pieces of wood, the total volume is 2.6736 ft³ x 50 = 133.68 ft³.

To find the total cost, we multiply the total volume by the price per board foot: 133.68 ft³ x 2.50 PHP/ft³ = 334.2 PHP.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4000 PHP.

Ordinary plywood is not recommended for exterior use because it is not designed to withstand the harsh outdoor conditions. It is more prone to warping, rotting, and delamination when exposed to moisture and weather elements. Marine plywood, on the other hand, is specifically manufactured to be resistant to water and can withstand outdoor environments. Hardiflex and ficem are also suitable for exterior use as they are durable and weather-resistant materials.

A cripple stud is a structural element in a building frame that is shorter than usual and is typically found above a door opening or below a window sill. It provides additional support and stability to the frame in these specific areas. A vertical stud, on the other hand, refers to a standard full-length stud that runs from the bottom to the top of the frame. A mullion is a vertical element that separates or divides windows or doors in a building. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is a cripple stud.

Green lumber is the correct answer because it refers to lumber that still contains moisture. When lumber is freshly cut from a tree, it has a high moisture content. This moisture needs to be dried out before the lumber can be used for construction or other purposes. Green lumber is typically more prone to warping, shrinking, and cracking as it dries. Therefore, it is important to properly dry and treat green lumber before using it in any project.

Laminated timber is the correct answer because it refers to a wooden member that is constructed by layering multiple pieces of wood together, with all of the grain directions being parallel. This process creates a strong and durable material that is commonly used in construction and woodworking projects. Treated lumber, glued lumber, and chipboard are not accurate descriptions for this specific type of wooden member.

Wallpaper is the least effective material for T&B (Toilet and Bath) because it is not resistant to moisture and can easily peel or warp when exposed to water or high humidity. Unlike plywood, laminate, and acoustic board, which are more durable and water-resistant, wallpaper is not suitable for areas with high moisture levels like bathrooms. It is prone to damage and can promote the growth of mold and mildew. Therefore, wallpaper is the least effective material choice for T&B.

A newel post is a central post from which the winders of a spiral stair radiate. It is typically larger and more decorative than the other posts in the staircase. The newel post provides structural support and stability to the staircase while also serving as a focal point of design.

Yakal is a type of wood that is commonly used for posts or girders attached to concrete. It is known for its strength and durability, making it suitable for supporting heavy loads. Yakal wood has a high natural resistance to decay and insect attacks, making it a reliable choice for outdoor structures. Its dense and sturdy nature ensures that the posts or girders will be able to withstand the pressure and weight exerted on them, providing stability and longevity to the concrete structure.

Quartersawn lumber is the most difficult method of sawing but it achieves the best wood quality. This method involves cutting the log into quarters and then sawing each quarter perpendicular to the growth rings. This results in straight grain patterns, increased stability, and less likelihood of warping or cupping. Quartersawn lumber also has a distinctive appearance with ray flecks, making it highly desirable for furniture and cabinetry.

Particle board is a type of manufactured board that is commonly used for laminated cabinets. It is made from wood particles or fibers that are bonded together with resin and compressed under high pressure. Particle board is known for its affordability, durability, and smooth surface, which makes it an ideal choice for cabinet construction. It is also easy to cut, shape, and install, making it a popular option for laminated cabinets.

Liquid nail is a type of adhesive that is commonly used for installing laminated flooring. It is a strong and durable adhesive that provides a secure bond between the flooring and the subfloor. Liquid nail is specifically designed for bonding various materials, including wood, concrete, and metal, making it an ideal choice for laminate flooring installation. It is easy to apply, dries quickly, and provides a long-lasting hold, ensuring that the laminated flooring stays in place.

The vernacular term for fillet is "batidura".

Coco lumber is least used in furniture because it is not as durable or stable as other types of lumber. Coco lumber is more commonly used for construction purposes such as door jambs, forms, and purlins where strength and stability are more important. In furniture, where longevity and quality are key factors, other types of lumber are preferred.

In the given figure, the wood joint labeled as "1" is the half lap wood joint. This joint is created by removing half of the thickness from each of the two pieces of wood that are being joined together. The remaining halves of the wood are then overlapped and glued or nailed together, creating a strong and flush joint. This type of joint is commonly used in woodworking to connect two pieces of wood at a 90-degree angle.

Soil poisoning is an effective method to prevent termite infestation. By treating the soil around a building or structure with chemicals, it creates a barrier that termites cannot penetrate. This helps to protect the foundation and prevents termites from accessing the building. Lason, solignum, and termisolve are not mentioned as effective methods for preventing termite infestation, so they are not the correct answer.

The tenon and mortise door frame is the most rigid because it involves a strong joint where a projection (tenon) on one piece of wood fits into a corresponding hole (mortise) on another piece of wood. This joint provides a secure and stable connection, making the door frame less prone to movement or warping. The other options listed, such as the canto mesa, overlapping frame rabbeted, and dove tail, do not offer the same level of rigidity as the tenon and mortise joint.

A square splice is a type of half-lapped joint that resists tension. In this joint, two pieces of wood are cut with a half-lap joint, where each piece has a notch cut halfway through its thickness. These notches interlock with each other, creating a strong connection that can withstand tension forces. The square splice is commonly used in woodworking to join two pieces of wood end-to-end, providing stability and strength to the overall structure.

Air-drying is a method where lumber is stacked in a manner that allows air to circulate around each piece, facilitating the drying process. The slope ensures that water runs off quickly, preventing waterlogging and promoting efficient drying. This method does not require external heat sources, unlike kiln drying, which uses controlled heat and humidity.

Melamine is extensively used nowadays in toilet partitions due to its durability, resistance to moisture, and ease of maintenance. It is a synthetic material that is highly resistant to stains, scratches, and chemicals. Melamine also has a smooth and non-porous surface, making it easy to clean and maintain hygiene in toilet partitions. Additionally, it comes in a variety of colors and designs, allowing for customization and aesthetic appeal in restroom designs.

Hardiflex board is commercially available in the size of 48" x 96".

Marine board is the most common alternative for plywood. It is made out of silica with binders and is highly weather resistant.

A scab is a short flat piece of lumber that is used to splice two butting pieces together. It is bolted, nailed, or screwed onto the two pieces in order to provide additional support and strength to the joint.

A balanced step refers to any of a series of winders that are arranged in a way that they are nearly as wide at the inside of the stair as the adjacent flier. This design ensures that the steps are evenly distributed and balanced, providing stability and ease of use for individuals climbing the stairs. This type of step is commonly used in staircases to ensure safety and comfort while ascending or descending.

A millwork refers to any woodwork that is produced in a mill or factory, typically customized for a specific architectural or design purpose. Cornice, dresser, and railings are all examples of millwork as they are made from wood and are commonly produced in a mill. However, a chair armrest is not typically considered millwork as it is usually a separate component that is attached to a chair, rather than being produced in a mill as a standalone piece.

The correct answer is "header". In construction, a header is a horizontal beam that is placed perpendicular to the joists or rafters and supports the weight of the joists or rafters that are cut off or interrupted by an opening, such as a doorway or a window. The header redistributes the load to the surrounding walls or columns, ensuring structural integrity and preventing sagging or collapse. Therefore, the header is the member that supports the cut off joist.

The correct answer is "longitudinal." Longitudinal formwork refers to a type of formwork used to provide horizontal whaler support. This formwork is designed to support and reinforce the structure horizontally, ensuring stability and strength. It is commonly used in construction projects to create horizontal elements such as beams or slabs.

Plywood is the ideal panel board for exterior walls because it is durable, weather-resistant, and can withstand the elements. It is made from multiple layers of wood veneer that are glued together, creating a strong and stable material. The 19mm thickness provides added strength and stability, making it suitable for exterior applications. Gypsum, hardboard, and plyboard may not be as suitable for exterior use due to their lower resistance to moisture and weathering.

A draftstop plate is a piece of lumber used to dress up the edge of the joists. It is typically used to prevent drafts from entering a building through the gaps between the joists. It acts as a barrier to airflow and helps to improve the energy efficiency of the building. The draftstop plate is usually installed along the edges of the joists and provides a finished look to the structure.