1.
"I don’t think there is such a thing as reality."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
These words were of John S. Reed, former CEO of Citicorp (now Citigroup), owner of Citibank, one of the major banks that collapsed in 2008 and received a federal bailout, although Reed was no longer CEO at that time.A fuller quotation is: ""I don’t think there is such a thing as reality. There are widely varying descriptions of reality, and you’ve got to be alert to when they change and what’s really going on. No one is going to truly grasp it, but you have to stay truly active on that end. That implies you have to have a multifaceted perspective."Those words are from an interview in Business Week magazine. They were quoted in Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention, (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1996), pp. 64-65.
2.
"Everybody uses the work of everybody else. Nobody ever invents anything."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
James Taggart says this of Hank Rearden upon first meeting Cherryl Brooks. It is on page 262 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
3.
"I don't believe that people should be empowered to do what pleases them the most. We have a responsibility beyond ourselves."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
Those words were spoken by Republican former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum. It was during an interview for the July 28, 2005 episode of CN8's Nitebeat with Barry Nolan. A YouTube clip of that interview can be seen at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03zFTTqHScI
4.
"Accordingly the action was done neither from duty nor from direct inclination, but merely with a selfish view. . . . They preserve their life as duty requires, no doubt, but not because duty requires. On the other hand, if adversity and hopeless sorrow have completely taken away the relish for life; if the unfortunate one [a man suffering from extreme misfortune, such as terminal illness], strong in mind, indignant at his fate rather than desponding or dejected, wishes for death, and yet preserves his life without loving it -- not from inclination or fear, but from duty -- then his maxim has a moral worth. "
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is an English translation of the eighteenth-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant, from the First Section in his Groundwork on the Metaphysic of Morals. The section in question is online at http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Books/Kant/MM/Part1.html .
5.
"...free economy is now on trial. Unless it proves its social value, and assumes its social responsibilities, the people won't stand for it. If it doesn't develop a public spirit, it's done for."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
These words are from Orren Boyle, the government-regulation-supporting owner of Associated Steel. This is from page 45 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
6.
"And that’s the problem: . . . the simplistic notion that people who have wealth are entitled to keep it, and they have an antipathy toward the means of redistributing wealth."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
Those are words of Jim Moran, former U.S. Representative from Virginia, in a 2008 interview available on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJyS1WJNisM .
7.
"I'm open-minded enough to believe that two absolutely contradictory propositions can indeed both be able to exist in this wonderful, brilliant world of ours we can only begin to fathom a small percentage of."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
The words come from David Corn, chief of the Washington, D.C., bureau of the progressive magazine Mother Jones. They are from an interview with Jan Helfeld, which Helfeld uploaded onto YouTube on December 10, 2008. That can be seen at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_7enG9KuiE&feature=youtu.be&t=3m44s .
8.
"I love the fact that America is a contradiction between our ideal of a democracy and our reality of a constitutional republic, and the reason I love that contradiction -- the contradiction that your questions don't quite allow -- is that it is in that gray area where free citizens get active and do things and push the bar and pull the bar. To me, that is the magic of what we have."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
These are the words of the political journalist Thomas Oliphant, formerly of NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, and later a columnist with the Boston Globe. Oliphant said this to Jan Helfeld in an interview that Helfeld uploaded onto YouTube on December 8, 2008. That is at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQ1bdP1hnSc&feature=youtu.be&t=2m9s .
9.
"It's logical illogic. . . . In my philosophy, and in what governs my behavior as a journalist in a free country, is that if you start to eliminate this 'glorious gray' -- I would call it -- then you're taking me down the road to a system that has absolutes in it, and that, to me, is anathema."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
These are the words of the political journalist Thomas Oliphant, formerly of NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, and later a columnist with the Boston Globe. Oliphant said this to Jan Helfeld in an interview that Helfeld uploaded onto YouTube on December 8, 2008. That is at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQ1bdP1hnSc&feature=youtu.be&t=3m21s .
10.
"And the fact is, when standards like these have been proposed in the past, opponents have often warned that they would be an assault on business and free enterprise. We can look at the history in this country. . . . Auto executives predicted that having to install seatbelts would bring the downfall of their industry. It didn’t happen."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is from a speech that Barack Obama gave to the U.S. National Chamber of Commerce in 2011. They went online at http://www.nationaljournal.com/whitehouse/full-text-of-president-obama-s-speech-before-the-u-s-chamber-of-commerce-20110207 on February 7, 2011.
11.
"...I have enough expertise in politics and history to understand that a free market ends up as monopoly unless you force it to be free."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange spoke those words in an interview with Andy Greenberg that went on Forbes magazine's website on November 29, 2010. That is visible at http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2010/11/29/an-interview-with-wikileaks-julian-assange/5/ .
12.
"...you businessmen have been predicting disaster for years, you've cried catastrophe at every progressive measure and told us we'll perish -- but we haven't."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
This is from Atlas Shrugged. A group of government regulators, including Eugene Lawson of the Bureau of Economic Planning & National Resources, tells Hank Rearden its ridiculous Steel Unification Plan which will destroy Rearden Steel. Rearden tells Lawson that he can't expect this plan to bring prosperity, as it will cause Rearden Steel to run at a loss. The quotation above is Lawson's reply. It is from page 985 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
13.
"In the long run, we'll all be dead."
Correct Answer
A. 'Atlas Shrugged' Villain
Explanation
This line is spoken twice by the government regulator Cuffy Meigs in Atlas Shrugged. Any time someone speaks of the long run, Meigs retorts, "In the long run, we'll all be dead!" For the 1992 hardcover edition, he says this on page 843 and again on page 947.Perhaps you thought this was a quotation of the economist John Maynard Keynes? He said, "In the long run, we're all dead" (emphasis added). The wording is slightly different. I would not be surprised, though, if Ayn Rand were deliberately alluding to Keynes with Meigs's dialogue.
14.
"The only justification of private property is public service."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
This is said by government-regulation-supporting businessman Orren Boyle, who runs Associated Steel. This is from page 45 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
15.
"...private property is a trusteeship held for the benefit of society as a whole."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
In Atlas Shrugged, the government-regulation-supporting industrialist Orren Boyle, who operates Associated Steel, says this. In the 1992 hardcover edition, it is on page 46.
16.
"There must be reasonable restrictions upon competition, else we shall see competition destroyed."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
These words come from Louis D. Brandeis, who was a progressive lawyer who became a U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Because he popularized the terms "right to privacy" and "right to be let alone," he is often taken as a supporter of civil liberties. However, he also ruled it constitutional for the state government of New Jersey to sterilize Carrie and Doris Buck forcibly, against their will -- a terrible invasion of their privacy, insofar as your reproductive organs are private. The words above are from a letter that Brandeis wrote to Robert La Follette on May 27, 1913. The letter is quoted by Thomas K. McCraw, Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, Alfred E. Kahn, (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press), p. 102..
17.
"Markets are the single most destructive thing human beings have ever created."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This was an August 18, 2011 tweet from Jonathan McIntosh, who would later become the writer and producer for the YouTube series Feminist Frequency, hosted by Anita Sarkeesian. On account of her fame from Feminist Frequency, Ms. Sarkeesian would be a guest on The Colbert Report (in the final season) and be interviewed on CNN. This tweet of Mr. McIntosh's is visible at https://archive.today/ohENk .
18.
"Markets are a destructive force and need to be abolished -- replaced with some kind of democratic participatory planning process."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
Jonathan McIntosh sent out this tweet on May 7, 2012. He would eventually gain notoriety as the writer-producer of the YouTube series Feminist Frequency, hosted by Anita Sarkeesian. Because of this series, Ms. Sarkeesian has been interviewed on CNN and for The Colbert Report. This tweet is at https://archive.today/HG7jW .
19.
"As you all know, thirty-three people lost their lives today, this morning. . . . There's also another kind of violence though that we're going to have to think about. It's not necessarily physical violence but that the violence that we perpetrate on each other in other ways. . . .There's the violence of men and women who have worked all their lives and suddenly have the rug pulled out from under them because their job has moved to another country."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This was from a speech Barack Obama gave at an April 18, 2007 rally in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The violent deaths he spoke of was the Virginia Tech shooting by Seung-Hui Cho. He compared that to "another kind of violence": namely, nonviolent actions of which he disapproves. He said that U.S. companies hiring foreign employees was "violence" against native-born Americans not hired instead. He also said bigoted speech counts as "verbal violence."A good counterargument arrived years earlier, from John Stossel in 2001. Stossel observed the problem with equivocating bigoted speech with violence: "If words are like bullets, then we will answer words with bullets. Well, I think words are words, and bullets are bullets, and it's best we keep them apart." Obama's speech is available at http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/04/barack_obama_on_virginia_tech.html .
20.
"...we never know what we are talking about. . . . We can never know or understand all the implications of a theory, or its full significance."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
These words were written by the late Karl Popper, a professor of philosophy with the London School of Economics. They are from the 2002 edition of his book Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography (New York, NY: Routledge), page 26.In response to Popper asserting, "...we never know what we are talking about," I reply: "Speak for yourself, buddy!"
21.
"Unlimited freedom means that a strong man is free to bully one who is weak and to rob him of his freedom. This is why we demand that the state should limit freedom to a certain extent, so that everyone’s freedom is to be protected by law."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is from Karl Popper's The Open Society and Its Enemies Volume 2 -- a book that many political conservatives mistake for a defense of liberty (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971 edition), p. 124. Popper was a professor of philosophy at the London School of Economics.
22.
"I should expect that even they [businessmen] would regard with approbation the man who, having achieved colossal wealth by his own energy and ability, has not turned his back on the class from which he sprang,...but by acts of signal liberality has shown that he looks upon wealth not as a sort of booty to be enjoyed in selfish isolation, but as a public trust..."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
That is from a transcript of a speech given by nineteenth-century steel industrialist Andrew Carnegie, found in Home Rule in America Volume 2, (Glasgow, United Kingdom: Glasgow Junior Liberal Association, 1887), p. 10. Progressives have derided Carnegie as a robber baron, but he actually agreed with them that a millionaire's peaceably acquired fortune does not truly belong to him, but to the public. One could ask Carnegie, If you admit that the public owns your estate, and not you, why not let the masses forcibly seize your assets at once? Carnegie's reply is that although his money does not truly belong to him, the fact that he accumulated so much money shows he is better at managing than most people, and therefore he is tasked with the duty of deciding how best to disperse his money for the social collective. Carnegie was in a contradiction -- trying to defend his control over his private property while simultaneously denying that he ought to have ultimate control over it.
23.
"...selfish individualism led us into the wasteland of official indifference to the suffering of many."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
The famous singer and political activist Barbra Streisand spoke those words at a fundraiser where she introduced President Bill Clinton. She is quoted by David J. Fox, "A Record $5 Million for AIDS," Los Angeles Times, January 29, 1994, http://articles.latimes.com/1994-01-29/entertainment/ca-16523_1_life-vii .
24.
"...every man holds his property subject to the general right of the community to regulate its use to whatever degree the public welfare may require it."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
That is from Theodore Roosevelt's speech "The New Nationalism," delivered in Osawatomie, Kansas on August 31, 1910. You can see a transcript of the speech at http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/new-nationalism-speech/ .
25.
"The man who wrongly holds that every human right is secondary to his profit must now give way to the advocate of human welfare..."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
That is from Theodore Roosevelt's speech "The New Nationalism," delivered in Osawatomie, Kansas on August 31, 1910. You can see a transcript of the speech at http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/new-nationalism-speech/ .
26.
"[...this directive...] does not interfere with the ownership but merely regulates the occupancy of property."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This was from the legal brief the state of Kentucky filed in 1916 in the U.S. Supreme Court case Buchanan v. Warley in defense of racially discriminatory zoning. The authors of the brief were Stuart Chevalier and Pendleton Beckley. See "Argument for Defendant in Error" in “Buchanan v. Warley: Error to the Court of Appeals of the State of Kentucky. 245 U.S. 60,” in Ernest Knaebel, ed., United States Reports vol. 245: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at October Term, 1917, From October 1, 1917, to March 4, 1918, (New York, NY: The Banks Law Publishing Co., 1918 volume 245), 64-68.It should be mentioned that the brief that Moorfield Storey (the NAACP's first president) and Clayton Blakey filed against racial zoning in this case, actually cited a pro-capitalist U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Lochner v. New York. Storey and Blakey argued that racial zoning violated freedom of association and the right to private property, as racial zoning prevented a white person from selling property freely to a person of color. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed with Storey and Blakey, pointing out that racial zoning, as with any violation of private property rights, conflicts against the Fourteenth Amendment. Barack Obama and various anti-capitalists denounce the Lochner decision, and yet they should note that the Lochner decision served as the judicial precedent that Storey and Blakey used to have racial zoning ruled unconstitutional.
27.
"Here the state must act as the guardian of a millennial future in the face of which the wishes and selfishness of the individual must appear as nothing and submit."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
That is from Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf, translated by Ralph Manheim, (Boston, MA: Mariner Books, 2001 trade paperback edition), p. 404.
28.
"The basic attitude from which such activity arises, we call -- to distinguish it from egoism and selfishness -- idealism. By this we understand only the individual’s capacity to make sacrifices for the community, for his fellow man."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
That is from Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf, translated by Ralph Manheim, (Boston, MA: Mariner Books, 2001 trade paperback edition), p. 298.
29.
"If we consider whether the convinced egoist can achieve his philosophical goal, his subjective well-being, the gratification of his egoism, the pitiful fiasco is at once evident. It needs no sharp-sighted speculations...to know that everything can be satisfied in this world, except egoistic strivings."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is from Nazi Party member Kurt Gauger in "Psychotherapy and Political World View," in George L. Mosse, ed., Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich, trans. Salvator Attanasio, (New York, NY: Grosset & Dunlap, 1966), pp. 218.
30.
"The only kind of coercion I recommend is mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon by the majority of the people affected."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is from the late biologist Garrett Hardin, who coined the expression "The Tragedy of the Commons," in the Science article of the very same name. It is vol. 162 (no. 3859, December 13, 1968): 1243-48, and can be viewed online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/ full/162/3859/1243 .
31.
"Let our pupil be taught that he does not belong to himself, but that he is public property."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is from Dr. Benjamin Rush in 1786. Dr. Rush signed the Declaration of Independence, but he was not a consistent defender of individual liberty. He said that he wanted a system of tax-funded government-controlled schools exactly because they were a perfect vehicle for indoctrinating students to believe in the greatness of the State. I got this from "A Plan for the Establishment of Public Schools and the Diffusion of Knowledge in Pennsylvania; To Which Are Added, Thoughts Upon the Mode of Education, Proper in a Republic," in Charles S., and Donald S. Lutz, eds. American Political Writings During the Founding Era: 1760–1805, (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Press, 1983 volume 1), pp. 684-86. You can also read these words at http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/DKitchen/new_655/rush.htm . 1983 vol. 1: 675-692.
32.
"Every child born into the world should be looked upon by society as so much raw material to be manufactured."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
That is from the pioneering American sociologist Lester Frank Ward, often praised by the likes of Diane Ravitch and Henry Steele Commager for being so progressive and democratic. The words are from “Education,” 1871–73, previously unpublished manuscript found in the Special Collections Div. of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, republished in Clarence J. Karier, ed. Shaping the American Educational State: 1900 to the Present, (New York, NY: The Free Press, 1975), 150-51.
33.
"The mere absorbing of facts and truths is so exhaustively individual an affair that it tends very naturally to pass into selfishness."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This arrives via education reformer John Dewey, The School and Society, 1915, in The School and Society and The Child and the Curriculum , (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2001 edition), p. 11.
34.
"I want everyone to keep the property that he has acquired for himself according to the principle: benefit to the community precedes benefit to the individual."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
It is claimed that these words were spoken by Adolf Hitler in an interview conducted Monday, May 4, 1931, by Richard Breiting, published in Unmasked: Two Confidential Interviews With Hitler in 1931, (London, United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus, 1971), pp. 32-33. The authenticity of the interviews are disputed, though the ideas expressed in them are consistent with what is written in Mein Kampf.
35.
"Man? What is man? He's just a collection of chemicals with delusions of grandeur."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
This is said by Dr. Simon Pritchett, the chair of the philosophy department at Patrick Henry University. It is on page 131 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
36.
"Man's metaphysical pretensions are preposterous."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
Dr. Simon Pritchett, chair of the philosophy department at Patrick Henry University, says this on page 131 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
37.
"...I am in favor of a free economy. A free economy cannot exist without competition. Therefore, men must be forced to compete."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
Dr. Simon Pritchett, chair of Patrick Henry University's philosophy department, says this on page 132 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
38.
"You do not grasp the fact that the universe is a solid contradiction."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
Dr. Simon Pritchett, Patrick Henry University's philosophy department chair, says this on page 132 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
39.
"The purpose of philosophy is not to seek knowledge, but to prove that knowledge is impossible to man."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
Dr. Simon Pritchett, Patrick Henry University's philosophy department chair, proclaims as much on page 133 of the 1992 hardcover version.
40.
"Our culture has sunk into a bog of materialism."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
The literary critic Balph Eubank says this on page 133 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
41.
"So we ought to place a limit upon their material greed."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
Literary expert Balph Eubank proclaims this on page 133 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
42.
"I think it is perfectly unfair that one man should get all the breaks and leave none to others."
Correct Answer
A. 'Atlas Shrugged' Villain
Explanation
This is on page 135 of the 1992 hardcover edition. It is said by Philip Rearden, the spoiled anti-capitalist brother of Hank Rearden.
43.
"If everybody else is poor, they won't have any market for their goods. But if they stop being selfish and share the goods they've hoarded -- they'll have a chance to work hard and produce some more."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
Socialite Betty Pope says this at Lillian Rearden's soiree on page 135 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
44.
"When the masses are destitute and yet there are goods available, it's idiotic to expect people to be stopped by some scrap of paper called a property deed."
Correct Answer
A. 'Atlas Shrugged' Villain
Explanation
On page 135 of the 1992 hardcover edition, this is said by Bertram Scudder, the progressive muckraking journalist. He writes for a collectivist propaganda magazine called The Future, which has many real-life counterparts: Mother Jones, The Nation, In These Times, The Verge, Jezebel, Salon, or Slate.
45.
[This is a preemptive rebuttal to any claim that individual rights trump social collectivism:]"Right is whatever's good for society."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
These are the words of Claude Slagenhop, who runs the progressive NGO (non-government organization) called Friends of Global Progress. This is on page 136 of the 1992 hardcover edition.
46.
"We need a national subsidy for literature . It is disgraceful that artists are treated like peddlers..."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
On page 141 of the 1992 hardcover edition, the vaunted writer Balph Eubank proposes this.
47.
"These discoveries have led scientists to contradictions which are impossible, according to the human mind, but which exist in reality nonetheless."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
This is on page 341 of the 1992 hardcover edition. It is from the book "Why Do You Think You Think?", written by physicist Floyd Ferris of the State Science Institute.
48.
"In practice the natural sciences are not, and have never been as 'objective' or 'empirical' as you like to think."
Correct Answer
B. Real-Life Public Figure
Explanation
This is a December 22, 2014 tweet from Jonathan McIntosh, the writer-producer of the acclaimed Web series Feminist Frequency, hosted by Anita Sarkeesian. As a result of her fame from this program, Ms. Sarkeesian has been a guest on The Colbert Report and has been interviewed on CNN. The tweet is available at https://archive.today/FOgLQ#selection-4649.1-4649.114 .
49.
"We will release our spiritual aims from dependence on the owners of material means."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
This is from page 404 of the 1992 hardcover edition of Atlas Shrugged. The government-regulation-advocating company president James Taggart says it at his wedding.
50.
"They break the regulations which protect which protect the common welfare of all -- for the sake of their own personal gain."
Correct Answer
A. Atlas Shrugged Villain
Explanation
This is from the 1992 hardcover edition, page 467. This is Philip Rearden denouncing his own brother Hank.