What's The Matter? Test

The answer "Solid, Gas, Liquid, and Plasma" correctly identifies the four states of matter. Solid refers to a substance with a fixed shape and volume, gas refers to a substance with no fixed shape or volume, liquid refers to a substance with a fixed volume but no fixed shape, and plasma refers to a highly ionized gas with distinct properties. This answer accurately represents the different physical states that matter can exist in.

Compounds are made up of molecules. A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Compounds are formed when two or more different atoms combine chemically to form a molecule. Therefore, molecules are the building blocks of compounds. Colloids and bleach are not compounds, as they do not consist of different atoms bonded together in a specific ratio.

Mixtures have different properties throughout because they are composed of two or more substances that are physically combined. Each substance in a mixture retains its individual properties, and these properties can vary throughout the mixture. For example, a mixture of salt and water will have different properties at different concentrations. This is in contrast to pure substances, such as elements or compounds, which have consistent properties throughout.

The correct answer is "Not a definite shape; flows to take shape of container." Liquids do not have a fixed shape and can take the shape of the container they are placed in. This is because the particles in liquids are not tightly packed and can move around freely.

A mixture is a combination of two or more kinds of matter that can be separated physically. Unlike compounds, which are formed through chemical reactions and have fixed compositions, mixtures retain the properties of their individual components and can be separated using physical methods such as filtration or distillation. Therefore, a mixture is the correct answer because it best fits the description provided in the question.

This statement is incorrect. Mixtures are made up of more than one kind of molecule. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined, but not chemically bonded. These substances can be different molecules or compounds, and they retain their individual properties in the mixture. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Pure substances are homogeneous matter where all samples have the same makeup. This means that the substance is uniform throughout and does not contain any impurities or variations in composition. In other words, every sample of a pure substance will have the same properties and composition, regardless of its size or location. This is in contrast to heterogeneous matter, which is different throughout and contains variations in composition. Pure substances can be elements or compounds, and they play a crucial role in various scientific and industrial applications.

An element that cannot be made simpler refers to a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions. This means that it consists of only one type of atom and cannot be further divided into smaller particles. Elements are the building blocks of matter, and each element has its own unique set of properties. Therefore, if an element cannot be simplified, it implies that it is already in its most basic form and cannot be broken down into any other substances.

Honey and glue have a high viscosity because they are thick and sticky substances. Viscosity refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow, and substances with high viscosity flow slowly. Both honey and glue have a thick consistency and do not flow easily like water, iced tea, or coffee. Therefore, honey and glue are the correct answers for having a high viscosity.

Soda and lemonade would have a low viscosity because they are both liquids that flow easily. Molasses, gel, and foam, on the other hand, have higher viscosities because they are thicker and more resistant to flow.

Elements cannot be broken down by chemical means. Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances, but the atoms themselves remain unchanged. Elements are made up of only one type of atom, and their fundamental properties cannot be altered through chemical reactions. To break down an element into its constituent atoms, a nuclear reaction would be required, which is a process beyond the scope of chemical means. Therefore, the statement that elements can be broken down by chemical means is false.

Gases do not have a definite volume because their particles are not held closely together and can move freely. Additionally, gases have a weak force of attraction between their particles, which allows them to move independently and spread out easily.

Matter is made up of pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are made up of only one type of particle and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means. Examples of pure substances include elements and compounds. On the other hand, mixtures are made up of two or more substances that are physically combined and can be separated by physical means. Mixtures can be either homogeneous (uniform composition throughout) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition).

The given answer, "Definite Shape, Definite Volume," accurately describes the properties of a solid. Solids have a fixed shape, meaning they maintain a specific form and do not flow or change shape easily. Additionally, solids have a definite volume, meaning they occupy a specific amount of space and their particles are closely packed together. These properties distinguish solids from other states of matter such as liquids or gases.

Skim milk is an example of a homogeneous mixture because it is a combination of milk and water that is uniformly distributed throughout. In a homogeneous mixture, the components are evenly mixed at a molecular level, resulting in a consistent composition and appearance. Skim milk does not separate into different phases or show any visible differences in its properties, making it a clear example of a homogeneous mixture.

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A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles of a substance are temporarily mixed in a liquid. In a suspension, the particles are larger and can be seen with the naked eye. They do not dissolve in the liquid but instead settle at the bottom over time. This is different from a colloid, where the particles are smaller and do not settle out over time. Therefore, the correct answer is Suspension.

Compounds do not have the same properties as the elements that make them up. When elements combine to form a compound, they undergo a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a new substance with different properties. The properties of a compound are determined by the arrangement and bonding of its constituent elements, and can be very different from the properties of the individual elements. Therefore, the statement that compounds have the same properties as the elements making them up is false.

A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles of a substance are temporarily mixed in a liquid. It is characterized by having very small particles that do not settle on standing. Colloids have properties that are in between those of a solution and a suspension, as they exhibit some of the characteristics of both.

Adhesion refers to the attraction between particles of different substances. It is the force that causes molecules to stick to surfaces. This phenomenon is commonly observed when water molecules adhere to the surface of a glass or when a liquid spreads over a solid surface. Adhesion plays a crucial role in various natural processes, such as capillary action, where water is drawn up through narrow tubes due to the adhesive forces between water molecules and the tube's walls.

The given examples of a rusting bike, burning leaves, and corroding metal all involve chemical changes. Rusting occurs when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water, resulting in the formation of iron oxide. Burning leaves involve the combustion of organic matter, which is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light. Corroding metal refers to the gradual degradation of metal due to chemical reactions with substances in the environment, such as oxygen or acids. These examples demonstrate chemical changes because they involve the formation of new substances with different properties.

Sublimation is the direct change from a solid to a gas. This process occurs when the solid substance bypasses the liquid state and goes straight into a gaseous state. This happens when the substance is heated to a temperature above its melting point, causing the solid particles to gain enough energy to break free and become a gas. An example of sublimation is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) turning into carbon dioxide gas without melting into a liquid state.

The examples given, smoke and mayo, are both colloids. Smoke is a colloid because it is a suspension of small solid particles (carbon) in a gas (air). Mayo is a colloid because it is an emulsion of oil droplets dispersed in water, stabilized by the presence of an emulsifying agent (egg yolk). Both smoke and mayo exhibit the characteristic properties of colloids, such as being heterogeneous mixtures, having particles that are larger than those in a solution but smaller than those in a suspension, and showing the Tyndall effect (light scattering).

The correct answer is cutting the grass and water evaporating from a pond. These are examples of physical changes because they do not involve a change in the chemical composition of the substances involved. When grass is cut, it is still grass, just in smaller pieces. Similarly, when water evaporates from a pond, it is still water, just in the form of vapor.

Cohesion is the attraction between particles of the same substance. This means that molecules of the same substance are drawn together, creating a bond between them. This attraction is responsible for phenomena such as surface tension, where the surface of a liquid behaves like a stretched elastic sheet. Cohesion is crucial in many natural processes, such as the movement of water through plants, the formation of raindrops, and the ability of insects to walk on water.

Surface tension is the property of a liquid that causes it to behave like a stretched elastic sheet at its surface. It is the result of the cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid, which pull the molecules at the surface inward, creating a "skin" or surface film. This surface tension allows certain insects to walk on water, and causes liquid droplets to form into spherical shapes. It is also responsible for capillary action, where liquids rise or fall in narrow tubes against the force of gravity.

1. Malleable refers to the ability of a material to be shaped or formed without breaking or cracking, which aligns with the ability to be drawn out into a thin wire.
2. Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched, which matches the description of the second statement.
3. Brittleness refers to a material's tendency to shatter upon impact, which corresponds to the fifth statement.
4. Hardness is a measure of a solid's resistance to scratching, which matches the description of the first statement.
5. Tensile Strength refers to the measure of how much pulling or tension a material can support before fracturing, which aligns with the fourth statement.

Both evaporation and boiling are processes of converting a liquid into a gas. The only difference between them is the temperature at which they occur. Evaporation happens at the surface of a liquid when its molecules gain enough energy to escape into the air. Boiling, on the other hand, occurs throughout the entire liquid when its temperature reaches the boiling point, causing rapid vaporization. Therefore, the evaporation point is the same as the boiling point, as they both involve the transformation of a liquid into a gas.

Crystalline solids have a regular and repeating particle arrangement, which means that the particles are arranged in a specific pattern that repeats throughout the entire solid. On the other hand, amorphous solids lack a regular particle arrangement. The particles in amorphous solids are arranged randomly, without any specific pattern or order. Therefore, the correct answer is Crystalline solid for the first statement, as it describes a regular particle arrangement, and Amorphous solid for the second statement, as it lacks a regular particle arrangement.