Western Civilization I CLEP Prep

The Neo-Babylonians deported the people of Judea, but they were able to return home after the Persians overthrew the Neo-Babylonians.

The picture above shows the Roman Pantheon. The Roman Pantheon is a famous ancient temple located in Rome, Italy. It is known for its impressive dome and magnificent architecture. The Pantheon was originally built as a temple dedicated to all the gods of ancient Rome. It is one of the best-preserved ancient Roman buildings and is now a popular tourist attraction. The dome of the Pantheon is a remarkable engineering feat and is considered one of the largest unreinforced concrete domes in the world.

Coluccio Salutati and Leonardo Bruni differed from Francesco Petrarch because they advocated "civic humanism," which involved actively participating in public life. Unlike Petrarch, who focused on individual introspection and contemplation, Salutati and Bruni believed in engaging with society and using their ideas to contribute to the betterment of their communities. They were not exiled by the Medici family before the French invasion of Italy, as mentioned in the other options, making the advocacy of "civic humanism" the correct answer.

Erasmus wrote "Praise of Folly" in an attempt to reform the church from within. This satirical work criticized the corruption and abuses within the Catholic Church during the Renaissance. Erasmus believed that by exposing these issues and calling for reform, he could help bring about positive change within the church. His work became widely popular and influential, contributing to the broader movement for religious reform during this time period.

The given options describe different artworks by different artists. The correct answer states that the above work is "The print of an engraving by Albrecht Durer." This implies that the artwork in question is a print made from an engraving created by Albrecht Durer, a renowned German artist.

The Petition of Right was written in response to Charles I's use of forced loans. This document was a protest against the king's practice of forcing loans from his subjects without their consent. It sought to establish that such actions were illegal and against the rights and liberties of the people. The Petition of Right aimed to limit the power of the monarchy and protect the rights of the citizens, making it an important step in the development of constitutional law in England.

The correct answer is Valois-Hapsburg Wars. This is because the given explanation mentions Francis I fighting a series of wars against Charles V, which refers to the conflict between the Valois dynasty of France and the Hapsburg dynasty of Austria and Spain. The Treaty of Cambrai and the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis are also mentioned, both of which were significant agreements during the Valois-Hapsburg Wars.

Henry VII is established on his throne by his victory at Bosworth Field against Richard III of York. This event marked the end of the Wars of the Roses and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty in England. Henry VII's victory solidified his claim to the throne and allowed him to establish a stable and prosperous reign.

Simon de Montfort led the barons in a revolt against Henry III for failing to recognize the Provisions of Oxford. This means that he was a key figure in a rebellion against the king due to his refusal to acknowledge and abide by the Provisions of Oxford, which were a set of reforms aimed at limiting the king's power and increasing the influence of the barons. By leading this revolt, Montfort demonstrated his commitment to challenging the authority of the monarchy and advocating for greater rights and representation for the barons.

Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme challenged Aristotle's theory of motion in their theory of impetus. This means that they disagreed with Aristotle's explanation of how objects move and proposed their own concept of impetus to explain the motion of objects. Their theory of impetus suggested that a moving object possesses an inherent force that keeps it in motion, rather than being solely influenced by external forces. By challenging Aristotle's theory, Buridan and Oresme contributed to the development of new ideas and understandings in the field of motion and physics.

The correct answer is "helped to establish the Reformed tradition of Protestantism." This is because the Institutes of the Christian Religion, written by John Calvin, played a significant role in shaping and defining the Reformed tradition of Protestantism. Calvin's work expounded on key theological doctrines and principles that became foundational to Reformed theology, such as the sovereignty of God, predestination, and the authority of Scripture. The Institutes became a key text for Reformed theologians and helped solidify the theological framework of the Reformed tradition.

The Third English Civil War was between King Charles II and the Rump Parliament. This conflict occurred after the English Restoration, when Charles II was restored to the throne after the Interregnum period. The Rump Parliament, which was the remnant of the Long Parliament, had been dissolved by Oliver Cromwell. However, tensions between the monarchy and Parliament persisted, leading to the outbreak of the Third Civil War. Charles II sought to regain control over the government, but ultimately, the conflict ended in his defeat and the establishment of a more stable constitutional monarchy in England.