Virology Slide 1-100
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What is the name for the discrete substructure of the virion which contains a nucleic acid-protein assembly package?
About This Quiz
A test that queries various random questions that are designed to test your knowledge on a specific subject matter like viruses. It might not be as easy as you think but just try it out to see how you will do.
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- 2.
(Chronic/Latent) infections multiply at a slow rate
Explanation
Chronic infections are characterized by a slow multiplication rate. Unlike acute infections, where the pathogen rapidly multiplies and causes severe symptoms, chronic infections progress slowly and can last for a long time. The slow rate of multiplication allows the pathogen to persist in the body, often evading the immune system's defenses. This can lead to prolonged or recurring symptoms, as well as potential long-term complications. Therefore, the given answer "chronic" aligns with the statement that chronic infections multiply at a slow rate.Rate this question:
- 3.
(HSV1/HSV2) enters the lumbosacral spinal nerve trunk ganglia
Explanation
HSV2, also known as Herpes Simplex Virus type 2, enters the lumbosacral spinal nerve trunk ganglia. This means that the virus travels and establishes itself in the ganglia located in the lower back and sacral region of the spinal cord. This is where the virus remains dormant until it becomes active and causes outbreaks of genital herpes. HSV2 is primarily responsible for causing genital herpes, while HSV1 is usually associated with oral herpes.Rate this question:
- 4.
What is the primary nucleoside analog which is specifically activated by HSV induced thymidine kinase enzyme?
Explanation
Acyclovir is the primary nucleoside analog that is specifically activated by the HSV-induced thymidine kinase enzyme. This means that the enzyme thymidine kinase, which is produced by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is able to convert acyclovir into its active form. Once activated, acyclovir can inhibit viral DNA replication by acting as a chain terminator, preventing the virus from replicating and spreading further. Therefore, acyclovir is an effective antiviral medication for treating HSV infections.Rate this question:
- 5.
What disease is an inflammatory disease of liver cells that may result from several viruses
Explanation
Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of liver cells that can be caused by various viruses. It is characterized by liver inflammation and can lead to liver damage or failure if left untreated. The viruses that commonly cause hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. These viruses can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, blood or bodily fluids, and sexual contact. Symptoms of hepatitis may include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, and nausea. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of hepatitis, and may include antiviral medications and supportive care.Rate this question:
- 6.
AIDS patients infected with CMV often experience CMV mononucleosis, disseminated CMV, and retinitis
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
AIDS patients infected with CMV often experience CMV mononucleosis, disseminated CMV, and retinitis. This statement is true because CMV (Cytomegalovirus) is a common opportunistic infection in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS. CMV mononucleosis refers to a flu-like illness caused by CMV, while disseminated CMV refers to the spread of the virus throughout the body, affecting multiple organs. CMV retinitis is a specific manifestation of the infection in the retina of the eye, which can lead to vision loss if left untreated. Therefore, AIDS patients are at a higher risk of experiencing these complications when infected with CMV.Rate this question:
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- 7.
HBV increases the chance of liver cancer
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
HBV, or Hepatitis B virus, is a known risk factor for liver cancer. Chronic infection with HBV can lead to inflammation and damage to the liver, which increases the likelihood of developing liver cancer. Studies have shown that individuals with chronic HBV infection have a much higher risk of developing liver cancer compared to those without the virus. Therefore, it is correct to say that HBV increases the chance of liver cancer.Rate this question:
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- 8.
(HSV1/HSV2) causes lesions on the genitalia
Correct Answer
HSV2Explanation
HSV2 is the correct answer because it is the herpes simplex virus type 2, which is primarily responsible for causing lesions on the genitalia. HSV2 is transmitted through sexual contact and is commonly associated with genital herpes. It is important to note that while HSV1 can also cause genital herpes, it is more commonly associated with oral herpes and cold sores.Rate this question:
- 9.
DNA viral replication typically occurs where?
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Nucleus
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Golgi
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Cytosol
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Endosomes
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
DNA viral replication typically occurs in the nucleus of the host cell. This is because the nucleus contains all the necessary cellular machinery and resources required for DNA replication. Additionally, the nucleus provides a controlled and protected environment for the replication process to occur.Rate this question:
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- 10.
(HSV1/HSV2) usually consists of lesions on the oropharynx
Correct Answer
HSV1Explanation
HSV1 usually consists of lesions on the oropharynx. This means that HSV1 typically causes sores or blisters in the mouth or throat area. HSV1 is commonly known as oral herpes and is primarily transmitted through oral contact, such as kissing or sharing utensils. It is important to note that while HSV1 is commonly associated with oral lesions, it can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact.Rate this question:
- 11.
Acyclovir inhibits HSV viral polymerase as a competitor of dGTP, causing DNA chain termination.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Acyclovir is an antiviral medication that is used to treat infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It works by inhibiting the viral polymerase enzyme, which is responsible for replicating the virus's DNA. Acyclovir acts as a competitor of dGTP, a building block of DNA, and when incorporated into the growing DNA chain, it causes premature termination of the chain. This prevents the virus from replicating its DNA and ultimately inhibits its ability to spread and cause further infection. Therefore, the statement that Acyclovir inhibits HSV viral polymerase as a competitor of dGTP, causing DNA chain termination is true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Hepatitis interferes with the liver's excretion of bile pigments resulting in the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood causing jaundice
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hepatitis is a condition that affects the liver and impairs its ability to excrete bile pigments. This leads to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which causes jaundice. Jaundice is characterized by a yellowing of the skin and eyes due to the high levels of bilirubin. Therefore, the statement that hepatitis interferes with the liver's excretion of bile pigments and causes jaundice is true.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the name for the largest virus?
Correct Answer
PoxvirusExplanation
450nmRate this question:
- 14.
How many triangular faces does the icosahedron contain?
Correct Answer
20Explanation
An icosahedron is a geometric solid with 20 equilateral triangular faces. Each face of the icosahedron is a separate triangle, and there are a total of 20 of these triangular faces. Therefore, the correct answer is 20.Rate this question:
- 15.
(Chronic/Latent) infections generally occur after a lytic cycle.
Correct Answer
latentExplanation
Latent infections generally occur after a lytic cycle refers to the fact that latent infections, where the virus remains dormant in the host's cells without causing symptoms, typically follow an initial lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus actively replicates and causes cell lysis, leading to the release of new viral particles. After this initial phase, some viruses can enter a latent state where they remain in the host's cells without causing immediate harm. Therefore, the correct answer is latent.Rate this question:
- 16.
(HSV1/HSV2) can be spread without visible lesions
Correct Answer
HSV2Explanation
HSV2, also known as genital herpes, can be spread even when there are no visible lesions or symptoms present. This is known as asymptomatic shedding, where the virus can be present on the skin or mucous membranes and be transmitted to others through sexual contact. It is important to note that using barrier methods, such as condoms, can reduce the risk of transmission but may not completely eliminate it.Rate this question:
- 17.
The reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster Virus infection results in what disease?
Correct Answer
shinglesExplanation
The reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster Virus infection results in shingles. Shingles is a painful rash that usually appears on one side of the body or face. It is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person has had chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve tissues. However, it can reactivate later in life, causing shingles. The symptoms include a red rash, blisters, itching, and pain. Shingles can be treated with antiviral medications and pain relievers.Rate this question:
- 18.
Parvovirus B19 is the cause of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) which is a childhood rash appearing as fever and cheek rashes
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Severe fatal anemia can result if pregnant women transmit the virus to the fetus.
"Slapped face" rashRate this question:
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- 19.
Influenza A binds to the ciliated cells of respiratory mucosa
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Influenza A is a type of virus that primarily affects the respiratory system. It is known to bind to the ciliated cells of the respiratory mucosa, which are the cells that line the respiratory tract and have tiny hair-like structures called cilia. This binding allows the virus to enter the cells and start replicating, leading to the symptoms of influenza. Therefore, the statement "Influenza A binds to the ciliated cells of respiratory mucosa" is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Children under 3 infected by Influenza A can have GI manifestations and vomiting
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Children under 3 who are infected with Influenza A can experience gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations and vomiting. This means that in addition to the typical respiratory symptoms associated with influenza, such as coughing and congestion, young children may also experience symptoms related to the digestive system. These GI manifestations can include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of these potential symptoms in young children with influenza, as they may require additional care and monitoring.Rate this question:
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- 21.
While viral uncoating is a poorly understood process, it is thought to be initiated by cellular signals such as receptor binding and pH change.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that viral uncoating, which refers to the process of removing the viral capsid or envelope, is not well understood. However, it is believed that this process is triggered by certain signals from the host cell, such as receptor binding and changes in pH. Therefore, it is true that viral uncoating is thought to be initiated by cellular signals.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Viruses always contain DNA as their genetic material.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Viruses contain DNA OR RNA encased in a protein shellRate this question:
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- 23.
(HSV1/HSV2) is typically acquired/occurs in ages 14-29
Correct Answer
HSV2Explanation
HSV2, also known as genital herpes, is typically acquired or occurs in individuals between the ages of 14 and 29. This is because this age group is more likely to engage in sexual activity and have multiple sexual partners, which increases the risk of contracting the virus. HSV2 is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and is more commonly associated with genital infections. HSV1, on the other hand, is generally acquired during childhood and is commonly associated with oral herpes.Rate this question:
- 24.
Which of the following is NOT an RNA virus?
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HAV
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HBV
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HCV
Correct Answer
A. HBVExplanation
HBV is not an RNA virus because it belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, which contains DNA viruses. Unlike RNA viruses, which use RNA as their genetic material, HBV has a double-stranded DNA genome. Therefore, HBV does not fit the classification of an RNA virus.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The purpose of this structure is to form a stable protective shell for the genome.
Correct Answer
capsidExplanation
The capsid is the protein shell that surrounds and protects the genome of a virus. It provides stability and protection to the genetic material inside, preventing it from being damaged or degraded. The capsid also plays a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect host cells, as it contains specific receptors that allow the virus to attach to and enter target cells. Overall, the purpose of the capsid is to form a stable protective shell for the genome, ensuring the survival and successful replication of the virus.Rate this question:
- 26.
Variola (major/minor) is the most virulent strain.
Correct Answer
majorExplanation
Variola major is the most virulent strain of the Variola virus. This strain is known for causing severe symptoms and a high mortality rate in infected individuals. It is responsible for the majority of smallpox cases throughout history, including large-scale epidemics. Variola minor, on the other hand, is a less severe strain with milder symptoms and a lower mortality rate. Therefore, the statement that "Variola major is the most virulent strain" is correct.Rate this question:
- 27.
Over 70% of MS patients show signs of HHV-6 infection.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Over 70% of MS patients show signs of HHV-6 infection. This means that a majority of individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit indications of being infected with the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). This suggests a potential link or association between HHV-6 infection and the development or progression of MS. However, it is important to note that this answer does not provide any additional information about the symptoms or impact of HHV-6 infection on MS patients.Rate this question:
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- 28.
A host cell-derived lipid bilayer carrying viral glycoproteins that forms the outer layer of a virus particle.
Correct Answer
envelopeExplanation
The correct answer is "envelope." An envelope refers to a host cell-derived lipid bilayer that surrounds a virus particle and is embedded with viral glycoproteins. This outer layer provides protection to the virus and helps it to enter and infect host cells. The envelope is essential for the survival and replication of certain viruses, such as the influenza virus and HIV.Rate this question:
- 29.
(Chronic/Latent) infections can reactivate and result in recurrent infections
Correct Answer
latentExplanation
Latent infections can reactivate and result in recurrent infections. This means that even though the infection may be dormant or inactive for a period of time, it can become active again and cause recurrent episodes of infection. This is often seen in viral infections such as herpes, where the virus can remain in a dormant state in the body and then reactivate, leading to recurrent outbreaks.Rate this question:
- 30.
(HSV1/HSV2) causes cold sores and fever blisters.
Correct Answer
HSV1Explanation
HSV1, also known as herpes simplex virus type 1, is responsible for causing cold sores and fever blisters. This virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with the infected person's saliva or lesions. It typically manifests as painful, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips, mouth, or nose. HSV1 is different from HSV2, which primarily causes genital herpes.Rate this question:
- 31.
Vesicles are characteristic of the chickenpox primary infection
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Vesicles are characteristic of the chickenpox primary infection. This means that when a person is initially infected with the chickenpox virus, they typically develop small, fluid-filled blisters called vesicles on their skin. These vesicles are a key feature of the disease and can be seen as a clear indication of a chickenpox infection. Therefore, the statement "Vesicles are characteristic of the chickenpox primary infection" is true.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Papilloma and Polyoma Viruses cause persistent infections and tumor
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Papilloma and Polyoma Viruses are known to cause persistent infections and tumor formation. These viruses have the ability to infect cells and replicate within them for an extended period of time, leading to chronic infections. Additionally, they can also cause the formation of tumors, which can be benign or malignant. Therefore, it is true that Papilloma and Polyoma Viruses can cause persistent infections and tumor development.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What is the name for the major protein component of the shell of the core?
Correct Answer
capsidExplanation
The major protein component of the shell of the core is called the capsid.Rate this question:
- 34.
(Chronic/Latent) Infections have detectable virus in tissue samples
Correct Answer
chronicExplanation
Chronic infections are characterized by the presence of detectable virus in tissue samples. This means that even after the initial infection, the virus remains in the body and can be detected in tissues. This is different from latent infections where the virus is present but not actively replicating or causing symptoms. In chronic infections, the virus continues to replicate and can potentially cause long-term health issues.Rate this question:
- 35.
Two complications of the Vaccinia virus are progressive vaccinia and eczema vaccinia.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Progressive vaccinia and eczema vaccinia are indeed two complications of the Vaccinia virus. Progressive vaccinia is a severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs when the virus spreads uncontrollably throughout the body. Eczema vaccinia, on the other hand, is a localized infection that can develop in individuals with pre-existing eczema or other skin conditions. Both complications highlight the importance of monitoring and managing the adverse effects of the Vaccinia virus.Rate this question:
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- 36.
HHV-6 is transmitted by close contact with saliva and other secretions
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
HHV-6, also known as human herpesvirus 6, is indeed transmitted through close contact with saliva and other bodily secretions. This means that the virus can be spread through activities such as kissing, sharing utensils or drinks, or coming into contact with infected saliva or mucus. Therefore, the statement "HHV-6 is transmitted by close contact with saliva and other secretions" is true.Rate this question:
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- 37.
In 2002, The vaccine for what disease was reintroduced for military and medical personnel?
Correct Answer
smallpoxExplanation
In 2002, the vaccine for smallpox was reintroduced for military and medical personnel. Smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus. It was eradicated globally in 1980 through a successful vaccination campaign. However, concerns about bioterrorism and the potential use of smallpox as a biological weapon led to the reintroduction of the vaccine for specific groups at higher risk, such as military and medical personnel. This measure aimed to protect these individuals and prevent the spread of smallpox in case of an outbreak.Rate this question:
- 38.
Adenoviruses are common causes of pediatric respiratory infections and pediatric gastroenteritis.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Adenoviruses are known to be common causes of respiratory infections and gastroenteritis in children. They are highly contagious and can easily spread through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces. These viruses can cause symptoms such as cough, fever, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting. Therefore, it is true that adenoviruses are common causes of pediatric respiratory infections and gastroenteritis.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Parvoviruses are small in diameter and genome size
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Parvoviruses are indeed small in diameter and genome size. These viruses are characterized by their small size, typically ranging from 18 to 26 nanometers in diameter. Additionally, their genome is also relatively small, consisting of a single-stranded DNA molecule. This compact size allows parvoviruses to efficiently infect host cells and replicate within them.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The synthesis of RNA and DNA viral proteins relies on host machinery.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true because RNA and DNA viral proteins cannot be synthesized without the help of host machinery. Viruses do not have their own cellular machinery to carry out protein synthesis, so they rely on the host cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce viral proteins. This allows the viruses to hijack the host cell's resources and use them for their own replication and survival.Rate this question:
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- 41.
(Enveloped/Nonenveloped) DNA viruses can be double-stranded or single-stranded.
Correct Answer
nonenvelopedExplanation
Nonenveloped DNA viruses can be either double-stranded or single-stranded. The term "nonenveloped" refers to the lack of an outer lipid membrane surrounding the viral capsid. This type of virus is more resistant to harsh environmental conditions and can survive outside the host for longer periods. The fact that nonenveloped DNA viruses can have either double-stranded or single-stranded genomes highlights the diversity and adaptability of this group of viruses.Rate this question:
- 42.
Where does the Herpesvirus replicate?
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Nucleus
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Golgi
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Cytoplasm
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Endosome
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
Herpesvirus replicates in the nucleus of the host cell. This is because herpesvirus is a DNA virus, and the replication of DNA viruses generally occurs in the nucleus. After entering the host cell, the virus releases its genetic material into the nucleus, where it utilizes the host cell's machinery to replicate its DNA. Once the replication is complete, new viral particles are assembled and released from the nucleus to infect other cells.Rate this question:
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- 43.
(HSV1/HSV2) occurs in early childhood.
Correct Answer
HSV1 - 44.
(HSV1/HSV2) enters the 5th cranial nerve
Correct Answer
HSV1Explanation
HSV1 refers to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, which is known to enter the 5th cranial nerve. This virus is commonly associated with oral herpes, causing cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and on the face. It can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's saliva or lesions. HSV2, on the other hand, is associated with genital herpes and typically enters through the sacral nerves in the lower spine. Therefore, the correct answer is HSV1.Rate this question:
- 45.
Which category of viruses contains the largest genome of all HUMAN viruses?
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Cytomegalovirus
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Herpesvirus
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Poxvirus
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Adenovirus
Correct Answer
A. PoxvirusExplanation
Single linear dsDNA molecule of 130-300kb with hairpins at either endRate this question:
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- 46.
Enveloped viruses enter the host via which mechanism of entry?
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Fusion with the plasma membrane
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Endocytosis
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Penetration through plasma membrane
Correct Answer
A. Fusion with the plasma membraneExplanation
Enveloped viruses enter the host via fusion with the plasma membrane. This process involves the viral envelope fusing with the host cell's plasma membrane, allowing the viral genetic material to enter the host cell. This mechanism of entry is commonly used by enveloped viruses, which have a lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane. Fusion with the plasma membrane allows the virus to bypass the need for endocytosis or penetration through the plasma membrane, making it an efficient method for viral entry into the host cell.Rate this question:
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- 47.
BKV infection in renal transplants causes complications in urinary function.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
BKV infection, which stands for BK virus infection, can indeed cause complications in urinary function in renal transplant patients. BK virus is a common virus that can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals, such as those who have undergone a renal transplant. The virus can infect the kidneys and lead to various urinary complications, including hemorrhagic cystitis, ureteral stenosis, and graft dysfunction. Therefore, it is true that BKV infection in renal transplants can cause complications in urinary function.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Where does the influenza virus multiply?
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In the nasopharygeal cavity
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In the lung
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In the cells of the respiratory tract
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In the nasal cells
Correct Answer
A. In the cells of the respiratory tractExplanation
The influenza virus multiplies in the cells of the respiratory tract. This is where the virus enters the body and infects the cells, causing symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and congestion. By multiplying in the respiratory tract cells, the virus can spread and cause respiratory illness. This is why respiratory hygiene, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, is important in preventing the spread of influenza.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Partial uncoating typically is used in the formation of the virus replication complex.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Partial uncoating refers to the process by which a virus sheds some of its protein coat after entering a host cell. This shedding allows the virus to expose its genetic material and begin replicating. In the context of the question, it suggests that partial uncoating is a common step in the formation of the virus replication complex. This complex is responsible for the replication and assembly of new virus particles. Therefore, the statement is true as partial uncoating is indeed used in the formation of the virus replication complex.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 12, 2010Quiz Created by
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