Micro Exam II Virology Trivia Quiz!

1.

Which of the following is not true regarding viruses?
- A.
  
  May be DNA, RNA, Single, or Double-stranded
- B.
  
  All are obligate intracellular parasites
- C.
  
  All have a protein capsid and envelope
- D.
  
  Release virions during cell lysis or budding
- E.
  
  All are true
Correct Answer
C. All have a protein capsid and envelope

Explanation
All viruses have a protein capsid and envelope. This means that they have a protective protein coat (capsid) surrounding their genetic material, which can be either DNA or RNA. The envelope is an additional layer that some viruses have, which is derived from the host cell's membrane. It helps the virus to enter and exit host cells. Therefore, the statement "All have a protein capsid and envelope" is true.

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2.

What type of immunity is most responsible for fighting viral infections?
- A.
  
  Humoral Immunity
- B.
  
  Cell-Mediated Immunity
- C.
  
  Innate Immunity
- D.
  
  All
Correct Answer
B. Cell-Mediated Immunity

Explanation
Cell-mediated immunity is the type of immunity that is most responsible for fighting viral infections. This form of immunity involves the activation of T cells, which directly attack and destroy virus-infected cells. T cells also release chemicals called cytokines that help coordinate the immune response and recruit other immune cells to the site of infection. In contrast, humoral immunity primarily involves the production of antibodies by B cells, which are more effective against bacterial infections. Innate immunity provides a general defense against various pathogens but is not specifically targeted towards viral infections.

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3.

How are viruses different from bacteria?
- A.
  
  Viruses do not replicate by binary fission.
- B.
  
  Viruses are smaller.
- C.
  
  Viruses are obligate intracellularly.
- D.
  
  A and B
Correct Answer
D. A and B

Explanation
Viruses differ from bacteria in several ways:

Viruses do not replicate by binary fission: Unlike bacteria, which reproduce through binary fission (a form of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells), viruses can only replicate inside a living host cell. They do so by hijacking the host cell's machinery to produce new viral particles.

Viruses are smaller: Viruses are generally smaller than bacteria. Most viruses range from 20-400 nanometers in size, while bacteria typically range from 0.5-5 micrometers. This means that viruses are about a thousand times smaller than bacteria.

Viruses are obligate intracellular organisms: Viruses must invade a host cell to replicate and survive. They cannot replicate independently and rely on the host's cellular machinery. On the other hand, bacteria are independent living organisms that can replicate, grow, and metabolize nutrients on their own.

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4.

Which is not true regarding adsorption?
- A.
  
  Virus attaches to host membrane
- B.
  
  Process is random and reversible
- C.
  
  Requires ATP
- D.
  
  Nonenveloped viruses attach via exposed capsid regions
- E.
  
  All are true
Correct Answer
C. Requires ATP

Explanation
Adsorption is the process by which a virus attaches to a host membrane. It is a random and reversible process, meaning that the virus can attach and detach from the host membrane. Nonenveloped viruses attach to host cells via exposed capsid regions. However, adsorption does not require ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of cells. Therefore, the statement "Requires ATP" is not true regarding adsorption.

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5.

Viruses are classified according to all of the following except:
- A.
  
  Type of replication
- B.
  
  Structure of virion
- C.
  
  Host required for survival
- D.
  
  Type of nucleic acid
- E.
  
  Structure of virus
Correct Answer
E. Structure of virus

Explanation
Viruses are classified based on several criteria, including their type of replication (DNA or RNA, replication strategy), the structure of their infectious particle (virion), the host organism they infect, and the type of nucleic acid in their genetic material. However, they are not classified solely based on the "Structure of virus" criterion, as this aspect is considered as part of the "Structure of virion" in virus classification.

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6.

Which is not true regarding capsids?
- A.
  
  Composed of repeating subunits
- B.
  
  Able to self-assemble into virions
- C.
  
  Helical structure has fixed number of subunits and is spherical in shape
- D.
  
  Only A and B
- E.
  
  All
Correct Answer
C. Helical structure has fixed number of subunits and is spHerical in shape

Explanation
Capsids with a helical structure do not have a fixed number of subunits and are not spherical in shape. Instead, they are typically rod-shaped or filamentous, and the number of subunits can vary, allowing them to extend to accommodate the length of the viral nucleic acid.

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7.

A particular virus' genetic material first needs to be copied into positive sense SS-RNA (Single Strand RNA). What type of virus is this?
- A.
  
  SS Positive-Sense RNA
- B.
  
  SS Negative-Sense RNA
- C.
  
  DS RNA
- D.
  
  DS DNA
Correct Answer
B. SS Negative-Sense RNA

Explanation
Negative-sense RNA viruses have a genetic material consisting of negative-sense RNA, which means that their RNA strand is complementary to the messenger RNA (mRNA) needed for protein synthesis. To replicate and express their genes, they must first transcribe their negative-sense RNA into positive-sense RNA, which can then serve as a template for protein production.

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8.

Primary replication of the virus takes place before spread. This happens with:
- A.
  
  Neural spread
- B.
  
  Hematogenous spread
- C.
  
  Tissue spread
- D.
  
  Viremia
- E.
  
  All
Correct Answer
B. Hematogenous spread

Explanation
Hematogenous spread refers to the spread of a virus through the bloodstream. In the context of the given question, it suggests that the primary replication of the virus occurs before it spreads through the bloodstream. This means that the virus initially infects a specific organ or tissue, replicates within it, and then enters the bloodstream to spread to other parts of the body. This explanation implies that neural spread, tissue spread, and viremia are not the primary modes of virus replication and spread in this case.

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9.

Adenoviidae, Poxviridae, and Herpesviridae are:
- A.
  
  Single-stranded DNA virus
- B.
  
  Single-stranded RNA virus
- C.
  
  Double-stranded DNA
- D.
  
  Double-stranded RNA
- E.
  
  Mixed-stranded DNA
Correct Answer
C. Double-stranded DNA

Explanation
Adenoviidae, Poxviridae, and Herpesviridae are classified as double-stranded DNA viruses. This means that their genetic material consists of two strands of DNA, which are complementary to each other. These viruses replicate their DNA using a double-stranded intermediate, and their genome is stable and can be integrated into the host cell's DNA. This classification is based on the structure and characteristics of the viruses, as well as their mode of replication.

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10.

Which of the following is mixed-stranded?
- A.
  
  Reoviridiae
- B.
  
  Rhabdoviridae
- C.
  
  Poxviridae
- D.
  
  Hepadnoviridae
- E.
  
  Parvoviridae
Correct Answer
D. Hepadnoviridae

Explanation
Hepadnoviridae is the correct answer because it is the only option among the given choices that is known to have mixed-stranded DNA. Mixed-stranded DNA refers to a DNA molecule that contains both a single-stranded and double-stranded regions. The other options listed are all single-stranded RNA viruses, which do not have mixed-stranded DNA.

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Micro Exam II Virology Trivia Quiz!

Which of the following is not true regarding viruses?

What type of immunity is most responsible for fighting viral infections?

How are viruses different from bacteria?

Which is not true regarding adsorption?

Viruses are classified according to all of the following except:

Which is not true regarding capsids?

A particular virus' genetic material first needs to be copied into positive sense SS-RNA (Single Strand RNA). What type of virus is this?

Primary replication of the virus takes place before spread. This happens with:

Adenoviidae, Poxviridae, and Herpesviridae are:

Which of the following is mixed-stranded?