Vertebral Column & Thoracic Cage
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is structure A?
- A.
Vertebral foramen
- B.
Spinous process
- C.
Body
- D.
Pedicles
Correct Answer
B. Spinous processExplanation
Structure A refers to the spinous process. The spinous process is a bony projection that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch. It is easily palpable along the midline of the back and serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments. The other options mentioned, such as vertebral foramen, body, and pedicles, are different anatomical structures associated with the vertebrae but are not specifically referred to as structure A in this question.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is structure G?
- A.
Vertebral foramen
- B.
Spinous process
- C.
Body
- D.
Pedicles
Correct Answer
D. PediclesExplanation
Structure G refers to the pedicles. Pedicles are bony structures that extend from the body of a vertebra and connect it to the laminae, forming the vertebral arch. They help to protect the spinal cord and provide stability to the vertebral column.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is structure B?
- A.
Vertebral foramen
- B.
Spinous process
- C.
Body
- D.
Pedicles
Correct Answer
A. Vertebral foramenExplanation
Structure B is the vertebral foramen. The vertebral foramen is the large opening in the center of a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes. It is surrounded by the body of the vertebra and is protected by the pedicles. The spinous process, on the other hand, is the bony projection at the back of the vertebra, while the body refers to the main part of the vertebra.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is structure F (ribs attach here)?
- A.
Vertebral foramen
- B.
Lamina
- C.
Costal facets
- D.
Pedicles
Correct Answer
C. Costal facetsExplanation
Costal facets are the correct answer because they are the specific parts of the vertebrae where the ribs attach. These facets are located on the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae and provide articulation points for the rib heads. This allows for the formation of the rib cage, which protects the vital organs in the thoracic cavity. The other options, vertebral foramen, lamina, and pedicles, are not directly related to the attachment of ribs.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is structure D?
- A.
Superior articular process
- B.
Lamina
- C.
Costal facets
- D.
Body
Correct Answer
A. Superior articular processExplanation
Structure D is the superior articular process. This is because the superior articular process is a bony projection that extends upward from the vertebral arch and forms a joint with the vertebra above it. It is responsible for articulating with the corresponding inferior articular process of the vertebra above, allowing for movement and flexibility in the spine. The other options, such as lamina, costal facets, and body, do not accurately describe the specific structure being referred to in this question.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is structure C?
- A.
Superior articular process
- B.
Lamina
- C.
Costal facets
- D.
Body
Correct Answer
D. BodyExplanation
Structure C refers to the body. The body is the main part or central portion of a structure. In the context of anatomy, the body typically refers to the main part of a bone or organ. In this question, it is asking about the structure labeled as C, and the correct answer is the body.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What type of vertebrae are number 5?
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Thoracic
- D.
Sacral
- E.
Coccygeal
Correct Answer
A. CervicalExplanation
Vertebrae number 5 are cervical vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae located in the neck region of the spine. They are smaller in size compared to the other types of vertebrae and have specific features that allow for flexibility and movement of the neck. The cervical vertebrae also protect the spinal cord and support the weight of the head.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What type of vertebrae are number 9?
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Thoracic
- D.
Sacral
- E.
Coccygeal
Correct Answer
E. CoccygealExplanation
The number 9 vertebrae are coccygeal vertebrae. The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is composed of three to five fused vertebrae located at the base of the vertebral column. These vertebrae are small and triangular in shape, and they provide support and attachment for various muscles and ligaments in the pelvic region. The coccygeal vertebrae are the most inferior part of the vertebral column and play a role in providing stability and flexibility to the pelvis.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What type of vertebrae are number 6?
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Thoracic
- D.
Sacral
- E.
Coccygeal
Correct Answer
C. ThoracicExplanation
Number 6 refers to the sixth vertebrae, which is categorized as thoracic. The thoracic vertebrae are located in the middle region of the spine and are associated with the rib cage. They provide support and protection for the chest cavity and are larger and stronger compared to the cervical and lumbar vertebrae.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What type of vertebrae are number 7?
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Thoracic
- D.
Sacral
- E.
Coccygeal
Correct Answer
B. LumbarExplanation
Vertebrae number 7 are not lumbar vertebrae. The options provided are cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccygeal. The correct answer is cervical vertebrae.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What type of vertebrae are number 8?
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Thoracic
- D.
Sacral
- E.
Coccygeal
Correct Answer
D. SacralExplanation
The number 8 vertebrae are sacral vertebrae. The sacral vertebrae are located at the base of the spine, below the lumbar vertebrae. There are typically five sacral vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum. The sacrum plays an important role in connecting the spine to the pelvis and providing stability to the lower back and hips.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the name of vertebra 1?
Correct Answer
atlasExplanation
The name of vertebra 1 is atlas.Rate this question:
- 13.
What is the name of vertebra 2?
Correct Answer
axisExplanation
The name of vertebra 2 is the axis.Rate this question:
- 14.
What is structure C?
Correct Answer
clavicleExplanation
Structure C refers to the clavicle. The clavicle is a long bone that is located in the upper part of the chest, connecting the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula (shoulder blade). It is commonly known as the collarbone and is easily identifiable due to its S-shaped curve. The clavicle plays an important role in providing support and stability to the shoulder joint, allowing for a wide range of arm movements.Rate this question:
- 15.
What is structure M?
Correct Answer
manubriumExplanation
The structure M refers to the manubrium.Rate this question:
- 16.
What is structure X?
Correct Answer
xiphoid process, xiphoidExplanation
The xiphoid process, also known as the xiphoid, is a small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum (breastbone). It is the smallest and most inferior part of the sternum and serves as an attachment point for several muscles and ligaments in the abdominal area. Its shape and location make it easily distinguishable from the rest of the sternum, which is why it is commonly referred to as the xiphoid process or simply the xiphoid.Rate this question:
- 17.
What is structure S?
Correct Answer
body, sternum, body of the sternumExplanation
The structure S refers to the body of the sternum, which is a bone located in the middle of the chest. The sternum consists of three parts - the body, the manubrium, and the xiphoid process. In this case, the structure S specifically refers to the body of the sternum. The body of the sternum is the longest part of the sternum and is connected to the ribs.Rate this question:
- 18.
Which ribs are floating ribs?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
- F.
6
- G.
7
- H.
8
- I.
9
- J.
10
- K.
11
- L.
12
Correct Answer(s)
K. 11
L. 12Explanation
Ribs 11 and 12 are known as floating ribs. Unlike the other ribs, they do not attach to the sternum or the cartilage of the ribs above them. Instead, they only connect to the vertebrae in the back. This gives them a "floating" appearance and allows for more flexibility in the ribcage.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which ribs are true ribs?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
- F.
6
- G.
7
- H.
8
- I.
9
- J.
10
- K.
11
- L.
12
Correct Answer(s)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
F. 6
G. 7Explanation
The true ribs are the ribs that are directly attached to the sternum through their own costal cartilage. In humans, the first seven pairs of ribs are considered true ribs because they have this direct attachment to the sternum. Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The vertebral column is part of the appendicular skeleton.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The vertebral column is actually part of the axial skeleton, not the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage, while the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and their associated girdles.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The arch is attached to the body of a typical vertebrae via:
- A.
Ligaments
- B.
Processes
- C.
Laminae
- D.
Pedicles
Correct Answer
D. PediclesExplanation
The arch of a typical vertebra is attached to its body through pedicles. Pedicles are short, thick processes that project backwards from the body of the vertebra. They form the sides of the vertebral foramen, which is the opening through which the spinal cord passes. The pedicles provide stability and support to the vertebral arch, allowing it to protect the spinal cord and other structures within the vertebral column.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The vertebrae are interlocked via their:
- A.
Articular processes
- B.
Spinous processes
- C.
Transverse processes
- D.
Body
Correct Answer
A. Articular processesExplanation
The vertebrae are interlocked via their articular processes. Articular processes are small bony projections that extend from the vertebrae and help to form the joints between adjacent vertebrae. These processes have smooth surfaces that allow for smooth movement and articulation between the vertebrae, allowing for flexibility and movement in the spine. The articular processes play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the spinal column.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is a key feature of a typical cervical vertebrae?
- A.
Transverse foramen
- B.
Transverse ridges
- C.
Mamillary process
- D.
Costal facets
Correct Answer
A. Transverse foramenExplanation
A key feature of a typical cervical vertebrae is the presence of a transverse foramen. The transverse foramen is a hole located on each side of the vertebrae, through which the vertebral artery and vein pass. This feature is unique to the cervical vertebrae and helps to protect and provide passage for these important blood vessels that supply the brain.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is a key feature of a typical thoracic vertebrae
- A.
Transverse foramen
- B.
Transverse ridges
- C.
Mamillary process
- D.
Costal facets
Correct Answer
D. Costal facetsExplanation
A key feature of a typical thoracic vertebrae is the presence of costal facets. These are small, smooth surfaces located on the sides of the vertebral body and transverse processes. They serve as points of attachment for the ribs, allowing for the articulation and movement of the thoracic cage. The costal facets are essential for maintaining the stability and functionality of the ribcage, which protects vital organs and supports respiration.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What happens when you have scoliosis
- A.
Your spine becomes mushy
- B.
Your spine curves abnormally
- C.
Your spine becomes dislocated
- D.
You lose brain cells
Correct Answer
B. Your spine curves abnormallyExplanation
When a person has scoliosis, their spine curves abnormally instead of maintaining its normal straight alignment. This condition can cause the spine to develop an "S" or "C" shape, leading to a variety of symptoms such as back pain, muscle stiffness, and uneven shoulders or hips. It can also affect the person's posture and overall body alignment. Treatment options for scoliosis may include exercises, braces, or in severe cases, surgery to correct the abnormal curvature of the spine.Rate this question:
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- 26.
True or False: Scoliosis not only affects the spine, but also other body parts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. While the spine is primarily affected, it can also have an impact on other body parts. The curvature can cause the ribs to rotate, resulting in a visible asymmetry in the chest and shoulders. In severe cases, scoliosis can lead to compression of the lungs and heart, causing breathing difficulties and decreased cardiac function. Additionally, the misalignment of the spine can cause muscle imbalances and pain in the back, hips, and legs. Therefore, it is true that scoliosis not only affects the spine but also other body parts.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which ribs are false ribs?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
- F.
6
- G.
7
- H.
8
- I.
9
- J.
10
- K.
11
- L.
12
Correct Answer(s)
H. 8
I. 9
J. 10
K. 11
L. 12Explanation
False ribs are the ribs that do not directly attach to the sternum. Ribs 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are considered false ribs because they do not have a direct attachment to the sternum. Instead, they either attach to the cartilage of the rib above or do not attach to the sternum at all.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which are characteristics of the Atlas?
- A.
2 lateral masses that articulate with the Occipital Condyles
- B.
Very long spinous process, not bifid
- C.
Large Body to bear weight of skull
- D.
Dens process
Correct Answer
A. 2 lateral masses that articulate with the Occipital CondylesExplanation
The Atlas is the first cervical vertebra and it has two lateral masses that articulate with the Occipital Condyles. This allows for the flexion and extension movements of the head. The other characteristics mentioned, such as a very long spinous process, a large body to bear the weight of the skull, and the presence of the dens process, are not specific to the Atlas and can be found in other cervical vertebrae as well.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which are characteristics of the Axis?
- A.
2 lateral masses
- B.
Very long spinous process, not bifid
- C.
A pair of costal facets
- D.
Dens process
Correct Answer
D. Dens processExplanation
The characteristics listed in the question are all features of the Axis, which is the second cervical vertebra in the spine. The Axis has two lateral masses, a very long spinous process that is not bifid (meaning it does not split into two branches), a pair of costal facets (which are articulating surfaces for the ribs), and a dens process (also known as the odontoid process) that protrudes upwards from the body of the vertebra. These characteristics help to distinguish the Axis from other vertebrae in the spine.Rate this question:
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- 30.
I am ready for the quiz.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Study! Study! You can do it!Rate this question:
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.jpg "What is structure A?")
.jpg "What is structure G?")
.jpg "What is structure B?")
.jpg "What is structure F (ribs attach here)?")
.jpg "What is structure D?")
.jpg "What is structure C?")
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