Lecture 1 - The Vertebral Column

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| By LordLauk
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LordLauk
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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 314
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  • 1/25 Questions

    Statement: The function unit of the spine, the motion segment, consists of two vertebrae and their intervening soft tissuesInformation: The anterior portion of the motion segment consists of two adjacent vertebral bodies, the intervertebral discs, and the longitudinal ligaments

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

This quiz, titled 'Lecture 1 - The Vertebral Column,' assesses knowledge on the vertebral column's structure, focusing on intervertebral discs, ligaments, and blood supply. It is designed to enhance understanding of spinal anatomy, crucial for students in medical fields.

Lecture 1 - The Vertebral Column - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Statement: The ribs moves parallel with the articulation to their transverse processesInformation: In the superior part of the thoracic spine the transverse processes are more lateral oriented and allow for a more posterior movement of the ribs

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    opposite in the inferior part

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  • 3. 

    The SI-joint functions mainly to absorb and transmit forces around the pelvic ring

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The SI-joint, also known as the sacroiliac joint, is located in the pelvis and is responsible for transmitting forces between the spine and the lower extremities. It helps to absorb shock and transfer forces from the upper body to the lower body and vice versa. This joint plays a crucial role in maintaining stability and providing support during activities such as walking, running, and lifting. Therefore, the statement that the SI-joint functions mainly to absorb and transmit forces around the pelvic ring is true.

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  • 4. 

    The intervertebral discs makes up ¼ of the total length of the vertebral column

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The intervertebral discs are located between each pair of vertebrae in the vertebral column. These discs act as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine. They are made up of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus. The intervertebral discs contribute significantly to the overall length of the vertebral column, making up approximately one-fourth of its total length. Therefore, the statement that the intervertebral discs make up one-fourth of the total length of the vertebral column is true.

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  • 5. 

    The crisscross arrangement of the coarse collagen fibre bundles within the fibrocartilage allows the annulus fibrosus to withstand high bending and torsional loads

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The crisscross arrangement of the coarse collagen fiber bundles within the fibrocartilage provides strength and stability to the annulus fibrosus, enabling it to withstand high bending and torsional loads. This arrangement enhances the structural integrity of the fibrocartilage, making the statement true.

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  • 6. 

    The ligamentum flavum is an example of a “short ligament”

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The ligamentum flavum is indeed an example of a "short ligament." This ligament is located in the spine and connects adjacent vertebrae. It is relatively short in length compared to other ligaments in the body. The ligamentum flavum plays an important role in maintaining the stability and flexibility of the spine. It helps to limit excessive movement between vertebrae and acts as a shock absorber. Therefore, the statement that the ligamentum flavum is a "short ligament" is true.

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  • 7. 

    In an adult, the spinal cord ends at the level of L1-2

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers that extends from the brainstem down to the lower back. In adults, the spinal cord typically ends at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebrae (L1-2). This means that the spinal cord does not extend all the way down to the lower back or into the pelvis. Instead, below the level of L1-2, the spinal cord branches out into a bundle of nerves called the cauda equina. Therefore, the statement that the spinal cord ends at the level of L1-2 is true.

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  • 8. 

    Which of these following ligaments is a “long ligament”?1. Supraspinal ligament2. Interspinal ligament3. Intertranscerse ligament

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 1
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Option 1: Supraspinal ligament. The supraspinal ligament is a long ligament that runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies from the C7 to the sacrum. It connects the tips of the spinous processes and helps to stabilize the spine. The other options, the interspinal ligament and the intertransverse ligament, are shorter ligaments that connect adjacent spinous processes and transverse processes, respectively.

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  • 9. 

    Most of the rotation in the vertebral column happen in the lumbar area

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    thoracic

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  • 10. 

    The facet joints are synovial joints

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The facet joints are synovial joints because they are characterized by the presence of a synovial membrane and synovial fluid, which allows for smooth movement between the articulating surfaces. Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body and are found in areas that require a wide range of motion, such as the spine. The facet joints, also known as zygapophyseal joints, are located between the vertebrae and play a crucial role in allowing for spinal movement and stability.

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  • 11. 

    The thoracic spine has relatively poor mobility due to: 
    1. One thin disc
    2. Two facet joints between the vertebrae
    3. The four connections between the thoracic cage (ribs) and thoracic vertebrae
    4. The two joints between sternum and ribs
    5. All above answers are correct

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    • Option 4

    • Option 5

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 5
    Explanation
    The correct answer is option 5 because all of the above answers are correct. The thoracic spine has relatively poor mobility due to one thin disc, two facet joints between the vertebrae, the four connections between the thoracic cage (ribs) and thoracic vertebrae, and the two joints between the sternum and ribs.

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  • 12. 

    The costovertebral joint is the articulation between the rib and the vertebra at the same level AND the vertebra above

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The costovertebral joint refers to the connection between a rib and the vertebra at the same level, as well as the vertebra above it. This joint allows for movement and flexibility of the ribs, enabling proper breathing and protection of the internal organs. Therefore, the statement that the costovertebral joint is the articulation between the rib and the vertebra at the same level AND the vertebra above is true.

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  • 13. 

    The facet joints in the …………………. area is oriented 60 degrees forward in relation to the transverse plane1. Cervical 2. Thoracic3. Lumbar

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 2
    Explanation
    The facet joints in the thoracic area are oriented 60 degrees forward in relation to the transverse plane.

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  • 14. 

    The anterior longitudinal ligament does not attach to the discs

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The anterior longitudinal ligament is a strong band that runs along the front of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in the spine. It helps to stabilize the spine and prevent excessive movement. Therefore, it does attach to the discs, making the statement false.

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  • 15. 

    The superior and inferior fat pads in the facet joints are absent in the thoracic region of the spine

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because the superior and inferior fat pads are indeed present in the facet joints of the thoracic region of the spine. These fat pads help to cushion and support the facet joints, which are the connections between the vertebrae.

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  • 16. 

    The AC-joint is mostly innervated by the C4 dermatome

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The AC-joint refers to the acromioclavicular joint, which is the joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the clavicle. Innervation refers to the nerves that supply a particular area. The C4 dermatome refers to the area of skin that is primarily supplied by the C4 spinal nerve. Therefore, the statement that the AC-joint is mostly innervated by the C4 dermatome is true. This means that sensations from the AC-joint are primarily transmitted through the C4 spinal nerve.

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  • 17. 

    The nucleus pulposus lies directly in the center of all discs except in one segment where it has a slightly posterior position1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 3
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Option 3. The nucleus pulposus lies directly in the center of all discs except in one segment where it has a slightly posterior position. This segment is the lumbar region. In the cervical and thoracic regions, the nucleus pulposus is located centrally within the intervertebral discs. However, in the lumbar region, it is slightly shifted towards the posterior side. This anatomical variation is important to consider when evaluating and treating spinal conditions in the lumbar region.

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  • 18. 

    The annulus fibrosus is mostly composed of hyaline cartilage

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Fibrocartilage

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  • 19. 

    At what level are the intervertebral discs RELATIVELY thinnest?1. Cervical2. Thoracic3. Lumbar

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 2
    Explanation
    The intervertebral discs are relatively thinnest at the thoracic level.

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  • 20. 

    What is true about the blood supply to the intervertebral discs? 
    1. The discs are avascular
    2. The discs only have a limited blood supply in their superficial layer
    3. The discs are innervated by the circumflex artery

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 2
    Explanation
    The correct answer is option 2. This means that the discs only have a limited blood supply in their superficial layer. This suggests that the deeper layers of the intervertebral discs do not receive a significant blood supply.

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  • 21. 

    The discs and ligaments provide extrinsic stability to the spine

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Intrinsic. Muscles provide extrinsic

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  • 22. 

    What is true about the blood supply to the vertebrae?1. The vertebrae are supplied from the internal and external iliac arteries2. The vertebrae are only vascularized in their most superficial layers and receive nutrients through diffusion3. The vertebrae are supplied by branches from Aorta

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 3
    Explanation
    The correct answer is option 3. The vertebrae are supplied by branches from the aorta. This means that the blood supply to the vertebrae comes directly from the largest artery in the body, which ensures a sufficient and direct supply of oxygen and nutrients to the vertebrae. This is important for maintaining the health and function of the vertebrae, as they need a constant supply of blood to support their metabolic needs.

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  • 23. 

    The loads on the facet joints are greatest (approximately 30% of the total load) when the spine is...1. Hyperflexed2. Rotated3. Hyperextended

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 3
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Option 3: Hyperextended. When the spine is hyperextended, the facet joints experience the greatest loads, accounting for approximately 30% of the total load. Hyperextension refers to the excessive backward bending of the spine beyond its normal range of motion. This puts increased stress on the facet joints, which are responsible for guiding and limiting the movement of the spine. The excessive load on the facet joints in a hyperextended position can potentially lead to joint degeneration and pain.

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  • 24. 

    The caudal ligaments of the sacrum will prevent the forward rotation of sacrum

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    cranial ligaments will

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  • 25. 

    In the functional unit of the spine, the axis of movement is in the middle of the disc between the vertebrae

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    it is the facet joints between the vertebrae

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 08, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 12, 2015
    Quiz Created by
    LordLauk
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