Venous Anatomy & Hemodynamics

1.

The Gastrocnemius Veins drain into what Deep Vein?
- A.
  
  Soleal Vein
- B.
  
  Posterior Tibial Vein
- C.
  
  Popliteal Vein
- D.
  
  Femoral Vein
Correct Answer
C. Popliteal Vein

Explanation
The Gastrocnemius Veins drain into the Popliteal Vein. The Popliteal Vein is located in the popliteal fossa, which is the hollow at the back of the knee. It receives blood from various veins in the lower leg, including the Gastrocnemius Veins. From the Popliteal Vein, the blood flows upward towards the heart.

Rate this question:
2.

Which of the following does not contribue to Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
- A.
  
  Incompetent Superficial Vein Valves
- B.
  
  Chronic Venous Outflow Obstruction
- C.
  
  Dysfunctional Veno-Motor Pump
- D.
  
  Stasis Dermatitis
Correct Answer
D. Stasis Dermatitis

Explanation
Stasis dermatitis is not a contributing factor to chronic venous insufficiency. Chronic venous outflow obstruction, incompetent superficial vein valves, and dysfunctional veno-motor pump are all known causes of chronic venous insufficiency. Stasis dermatitis, on the other hand, is a skin condition that occurs as a result of chronic venous insufficiency, rather than being a cause itself. It is characterized by inflammation and discoloration of the skin, typically in the lower legs, due to poor circulation and fluid buildup.

Rate this question:
3.

Normal flow direction in Performating Veins of the Lower Extremities is from the Deep to Superficial Veins
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
The normal flow direction in the perforating veins of the lower extremities is from the superficial veins to the deep veins, not the other way around. Perforating veins are responsible for returning blood from the superficial veins to the deep veins, aiding in the overall circulation of blood in the legs. This flow direction helps prevent blood pooling in the superficial veins and ensures efficient blood circulation throughout the lower extremities.

Rate this question:
4.

What paired veins lie closest to the fibula
- A.
  
  Posterior Tibial
- B.
  
  Peroneal
- C.
  
  Anterior Tibial
- D.
  
  Plantar
Correct Answer
B. Peroneal

Explanation
The paired veins that lie closest to the fibula are the peroneal veins. The fibula is one of the two bones in the lower leg, and the peroneal veins run alongside it. The posterior tibial veins are located on the inner side of the leg, while the anterior tibial veins are on the front side. The plantar veins are found in the foot, not directly adjacent to the fibula. Therefore, the peroneal veins are the correct answer.

Rate this question:
5.

What is the name of the perforating veins found in the Medial side of the Mid to Lower Calf?
- A.
  
  Cockett's
- B.
  
  Dodd's
- C.
  
  Hunterian
- D.
  
  Sherman's
Correct Answer
A. Cockett's

Explanation
Cockett's perforating veins are found in the medial side of the mid to lower calf. These veins connect the superficial and deep veins in the calf region. They play a role in venous drainage and are named after the British surgeon, Richard Cockett, who first described them.

Rate this question:
6.

Return blood flow from the legs decreases during inspiration due to which of the following?
- A.
  
  An increase in intra-abdominal pressure
- B.
  
  A decrease in intra-abdominal pressure
- C.
  
  An increase in right side heart pressure
- D.
  
  A decrease in intra-thoracic pressure
Correct Answer
A. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Explanation
During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, causing a decrease in intra-thoracic pressure. This decrease in pressure helps to draw air into the lungs. However, it also causes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. This increased pressure in the abdomen can compress the veins in the legs, leading to a decrease in blood flow from the legs.

Rate this question:
7.

Pulsatile flow in the Popliteal veins, bilateral, may be a sign of which of the following conditions?
- A.
  
  Proximal Venous Thrombosis
- B.
  
  Distal Thrombosis
- C.
  
  Incompetent Venous Valves
- D.
  
  Congestive Heart Failure
Correct Answer
D. Congestive Heart Failure

Explanation
Pulsatile flow in the Popliteal veins, bilateral, may be a sign of Congestive Heart Failure. In congestive heart failure, the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body. This fluid can cause increased pressure in the veins, resulting in pulsatile flow. Proximal venous thrombosis refers to blood clots in the deep veins of the legs, which may cause swelling and pain but not pulsatile flow. Distal thrombosis refers to blood clots in the smaller veins, which also do not typically cause pulsatile flow. Incompetent venous valves can cause venous reflux and pooling of blood, but it does not usually result in pulsatile flow.

Rate this question:
8.

What is the main impediment to blood return from the legs to the Heart when sitting?
- A.
  
  Small vein diameter
- B.
  
  Right-sided Heart Failure
- C.
  
  Hydrostatic Pressure
- D.
  
  Extrinsic Compression of the Popliteal Vein
Correct Answer
C. Hydrostatic Pressure

Explanation
When sitting, the main impediment to blood return from the legs to the heart is hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid due to the force of gravity. When sitting, the legs are positioned lower than the heart, causing an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the legs. This increased pressure makes it more difficult for blood to flow against gravity and return to the heart, leading to decreased blood return and potentially causing symptoms such as swelling and discomfort in the legs.

Rate this question:
9.

The Calf Muscle Veins that drain into the Posterior Tibial or Peroneal Veins are known as
- A.
  
  Small Saphenous Veins
- B.
  
  Soleal Veins
- C.
  
  Gastrocnemius Veins
- D.
  
  Perforator Veins
Correct Answer
B. Soleal Veins

Explanation
The calf muscle veins that drain into the posterior tibial or peroneal veins are known as soleal veins. These veins are located in the calf muscles and are responsible for draining deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They play a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation in the legs.

Rate this question:
10.

The Small Saphenous Vein usually drains into which of the following veins?
- A.
  
  Common Femoral
- B.
  
  Femoral
- C.
  
  Gastrocnemius
- D.
  
  Popliteal
Correct Answer
D. Popliteal

Explanation
The Small Saphenous Vein usually drains into the Popliteal vein.

Rate this question:
11.

The Giacomini Vein courses between what two vein segments?
- A.
  
  Great Saphenous to Accessory Saphenous
- B.
  
  Small Saphenous to Popliteal Vein
- C.
  
  Small Saphenous to Great Saphenous
- D.
  
  Gastrocnemius to Soleal
Correct Answer
C. Small Saphenous to Great Saphenous

Explanation
The Giacomini Vein courses between the Small Saphenous and Great Saphenous veins.

Rate this question:

Venous Anatomy & Hemodynamics

The Gastrocnemius Veins drain into what Deep Vein?

Which of the following does not contribue to Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Normal flow direction in Performating Veins of the Lower Extremities is from the Deep to Superficial Veins

What paired veins lie closest to the fibula

What is the name of the perforating veins found in the Medial side of the Mid to Lower Calf?

Return blood flow from the legs decreases during inspiration due to which of the following?

Pulsatile flow in the Popliteal veins, bilateral, may be a sign of which of the following conditions?

What is the main impediment to blood return from the legs to the Heart when sitting?

The Calf Muscle Veins that drain into the Posterior Tibial or Peroneal Veins are known as

The Small Saphenous Vein usually drains into which of the following veins?

The Giacomini Vein courses between what two vein segments?