Utis And Antibiotic Therapy
UTIs and antibiotic therapy
- 1.
What are complicated UTIs?
- A.
Mainly occur in adult non-pregnant women, cleared up with antibiotics
- B.
Associated with anatomical / functional abnormalities which predispose patient to UTIs. Can be difficult to clear up with antibiotics.
- C.
Associated with anatomical / functional abnormalities which predispose patient to UTIs. Are cleared up with antibiotics
- D.
Have a high risk of serious complications and treatment failure
- E.
Usually acute
Correct Answer(s)
B. Associated with anatomical / functional abnormalities which predispose patient to UTIs. Can be difficult to clear up with antibiotics.
D. Have a high risk of serious complications and treatment failureExplanation
Complicated UTIs are associated with anatomical or functional abnormalities that make the patient more prone to developing UTIs. These abnormalities can include conditions like kidney stones, urinary tract obstructions, or weakened immune systems. Complicated UTIs can be challenging to treat with antibiotics because the underlying abnormalities make it difficult for the medication to effectively eliminate the infection. Furthermore, these UTIs have a high risk of serious complications and treatment failure, which further highlights the complexity and severity of the condition.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which virulence factors are associated with more severe infection?
- A.
Type 1 Pilli in E. coli
- B.
Type 2 Pilli in E.coli
- C.
Pyelonephritis associated pilli in E.coli
- D.
Type 1 pilli in coagulase negative staphylococci
- E.
Pyelonephritis associated pilli in enterococci
Correct Answer(s)
A. Type 1 Pilli in E. coli
C. Pyelonephritis associated pilli in E.coliExplanation
Type 1 Pilli in E. coli and Pyelonephritis associated pilli in E.coli are associated with more severe infection. This suggests that these virulence factors play a significant role in the pathogenicity of E. coli, leading to more severe infections. The presence of these pilli may enhance the ability of E. coli to adhere to host cells, invade tissues, and cause damage, resulting in a more severe clinical presentation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
80% of UTIs are caused by?
Correct Answer(s)
E.coli
E. coliExplanation
E.coli and E. coli are two different ways of representing the same bacteria, Escherichia coli. It is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), responsible for about 80% of cases. E.coli is a gram-negative bacterium that is naturally present in the intestines and feces of humans and animals. It can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and cause infection, especially in women. The presence of E.coli in the urinary tract can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.Rate this question:
- 4.
What causes ten percent of Community-acquired UTIs?
- A.
E.coli
- B.
Coagulase negative staphylococci
- C.
Enterococci
- D.
Other gram negative organisms
Correct Answer
B. Coagulase negative staphylococciExplanation
Coagulase negative staphylococci are responsible for ten percent of community-acquired UTIs. This type of bacteria, which includes species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, can colonize the urinary tract and cause infections. While E.coli is the most common cause of UTIs, coagulase negative staphylococci are also known to be a significant contributor to these infections. Enterococci and other gram-negative organisms may also cause UTIs, but they are not specifically mentioned as causing ten percent of community-acquired UTIs in this question.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of these antibiotics can't be used in pregnant women?
- A.
Cephalexin
- B.
Trimethoprim
- C.
Amoxycillin + clavulanate
- D.
Nitrofurantoin
Correct Answer
B. TrimethoprimExplanation
Trimethoprim is not recommended for use in pregnant women because it has been associated with an increased risk of birth defects, specifically when used during the first trimester. It is classified as a category D medication by the FDA, indicating potential fetal risks. Therefore, it is important to avoid using trimethoprim during pregnancy and consider alternative antibiotics that are considered safe for use in pregnant women.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What are amoxycilin and clavulanate?
- A.
A suicide inhibiter which breaks down beta lactam rings and a compound that inhibits protein synthesis
- B.
Two compounds that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
- C.
Penicillin and a suicide inhibitor which breaks down penicillinase
- D.
A compound to inhibit cell wall synthesis and another to competitively inhibit the PABA protein
Correct Answer
C. Penicillin and a suicide inhibitor which breaks down penicillinaseExplanation
Amoxicillin and clavulanate are penicillin and a suicide inhibitor which breaks down penicillinase. Penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of their cell walls. Penicillinase is an enzyme produced by some bacteria that can break down penicillin, rendering it ineffective. Clavulanate is a suicide inhibitor that binds to penicillinase and prevents it from breaking down penicillin, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the antibiotic. Together, amoxicillin and clavulanate are commonly used in combination to treat bacterial infections.Rate this question:
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- 7.
How do Beta lactam antibiotics work?
- A.
Bind to an inhibit enzymes that catalyse the linkage of peptidoglycan cell walls
- B.
Bind to an inhibit enzymes that catalyse the linkage of lipopolysaccharide cell walls
- C.
Disrupt cell membrane function
- D.
Inhibit protein synthesis
- E.
Competitively inhibit PABA enzymes
Correct Answer
A. Bind to an inhibit enzymes that catalyse the linkage of peptidoglycan cell wallsExplanation
Beta lactam antibiotics work by binding to and inhibiting enzymes that catalyze the linkage of peptidoglycan cell walls. Peptidoglycan is a crucial component of bacterial cell walls, providing structural support and stability. By inhibiting the enzymes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis, beta lactam antibiotics weaken the cell wall, making it more susceptible to osmotic pressure and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This mechanism of action is specific to beta lactam antibiotics and is not shared by the other options listed.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of these antibiotics can be used for treatment of acute cystitis in pregnant women?
- A.
Trimethoprim
- B.
Nitrofurantoin
- C.
Amoxycillin and clavulanate
- D.
Cephalexin
- E.
Streptomycin
Correct Answer(s)
B. Nitrofurantoin
C. Amoxycillin and clavulanate
D. CephalexinExplanation
Nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin and clavulanate, and cephalexin can be used for the treatment of acute cystitis in pregnant women. Trimethoprim and streptomycin are not recommended for use in pregnant women due to potential risks to the fetus.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Where can Beta lactam antibiotics be used?
- A.
Gram positive bacteria, where bacteriostatic drugs have been used.
- B.
Gram positive bacteria, where bacteriostatic drugs are not in use.
- C.
Gram negative bacteria, where bacteriostatic drugs have been used
- D.
Gram positive bacteria, where bacteriostatic drugs are not in use.
- E.
Sensitive bacteria (depending on certain drug), where bacteriostatic drugs are not in use.
Correct Answer
E. Sensitive bacteria (depending on certain drug), where bacteriostatic drugs are not in use.Explanation
Beta lactam antibiotics can be used in sensitive bacteria, depending on the specific drug being used. These antibiotics are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on the specific bacteria and the presence or absence of bacteriostatic drugs. In this case, the correct answer states that beta lactam antibiotics can be used in sensitive bacteria where bacteriostatic drugs are not in use. This means that the antibiotics can effectively target and kill the bacteria without interference from other drugs that may inhibit their action.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of these antibiotics are Beta Lactam antibiotics?
- A.
Penicillins
- B.
Cephalosporins
- C.
Cephamycins
- D.
Carbapenems
- E.
Monobactams
Correct Answer(s)
A. Penicillins
B. Cephalosporins
C. Cephamycins
D. Carbapenems
E. MonobactamsExplanation
Penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, carbapenems, and monobactams are all examples of Beta Lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics share a common structure called the Beta Lactam ring, which is essential for their antibacterial activity. This ring interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death. Beta Lactam antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of various bacterial infections and are considered one of the most important classes of antibiotics.Rate this question:
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- 11.
How were extended spectrum penicillins produced?
- A.
Smaller side chains created to allow drugs to pass through the porins in the peptidoglycan layer.
- B.
Altered structure to allow penicillins to attack lipopolysaccharides
- C.
Added compound to attack Beta lactamase enzymes
- D.
Added compound to block cell wall formation
Correct Answer
A. Smaller side chains created to allow drugs to pass through the porins in the peptidoglycan layer.Explanation
Extended spectrum penicillins were produced by creating smaller side chains that allow the drugs to pass through the porins in the peptidoglycan layer. This modification enables the penicillins to effectively target a wider range of bacteria by enhancing their ability to penetrate the bacterial cell wall. By accessing the peptidoglycan layer through the porins, the extended spectrum penicillins can disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis and inhibit bacterial growth. This alteration in the structure of penicillins increases their effectiveness against a broader spectrum of bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which enzyme conferred resistance against penicillin?
Correct Answer
Beta lactamase
betalactamaseExplanation
Beta lactamase and betalactamase are two different names for the same enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for conferring resistance against penicillin.Rate this question:
- 13.
Which of these are extended spectrum penicillin?
- A.
Penicillin
- B.
Ampicillin
- C.
Amoxicillin
- D.
Carbonicillin
- E.
Benzyl penicillin
Correct Answer(s)
B. Ampicillin
C. AmoxicillinExplanation
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are both considered extended spectrum penicillins. They have a broader spectrum of activity compared to regular penicillin, meaning they are effective against a wider range of bacteria. This is due to their ability to penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which regular penicillin cannot do. Carbonicillin and benzyl penicillin are not extended spectrum penicillins.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jul 22, 2009Quiz Created by
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