Zoonotic Diseases

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| By Aliciaperkins

Aliciaperkins

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 11 | Total Attempts: 25,524

Questions: 12 | Attempts: 1,476 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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1.

Infections transmitted from animals to humans are known as __________ diseases.

Explanation
Infections that can be transmitted from animals to humans are referred to as zoonotic diseases. This term encompasses a wide range of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be passed between animals and humans. Zoonotic diseases can be contracted through direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or exposure to contaminated environments. Some well-known examples of zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, and avian influenza. Understanding and preventing the spread of zoonotic diseases is crucial for public health and the well-being of both animals and humans.

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4
2.

A patient presents with bleeding from the nose and rectum and within 24hrs passes away. You notice black eschars on their body and immediately diagnose the patient with what manifestation of anthrax?
- A.
  
  Cutaneous
- B.
  
  Gastrointestinal
- C.
  
  Inhalation
- D.
  
  Septicemic
Correct Answer
A. Cutaneous

Explanation
The patient's symptoms of bleeding from the nose and rectum, along with the presence of black eschars on their body, indicate a manifestation of anthrax known as cutaneous anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax occurs when the anthrax spores enter the body through a cut or abrasion on the skin. The spores then multiply and release toxins, causing the characteristic black eschar and other symptoms. This form of anthrax is generally not fatal if treated promptly with antibiotics, but in this case, the patient's rapid deterioration and death within 24 hours suggest a severe and potentially untreated infection.

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3.

What category of bioterrorism agents does the CDC characterize as easily transmitted from animal to person, have a high mortality rate, and include Anthrax, plague, and Ebola?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
Correct Answer
A. A

Explanation
The correct answer is A, Category A bioterrorism agents. These agents are characterized by their ability to be easily transmitted from animals to humans, their high mortality rate, and include diseases such as Anthrax, plague, and Ebola. These agents pose a significant threat to public health and require immediate attention and response from healthcare professionals and authorities.

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4.

A patient presents with HA, chills, coughing and signs of a systemic infection. The patient mentions that they just got back from a trip to Arizona where they spent the week at a black-footed prairie dog retreat. What is the likely infectious agent?
- A.
  
  Hantavirus
- B.
  
  Leptospira interrogans
- C.
  
  Yersinia pestis
- D.
  
  Psitticosis
Correct Answer
C. Yersinia pestis

Explanation
Based on the symptoms described and the patient's recent trip to Arizona, the likely infectious agent is Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis is the bacterium responsible for causing the plague, which can present with symptoms such as headache (HA), chills, coughing, and systemic infection. Arizona is known to have plague activity, and the patient's exposure to black-footed prairie dogs increases the likelihood of Yersinia pestis infection, as they are one of the primary reservoirs for the bacteria.

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5.

_________ is an RNA virus commonly carried in deer mice/wild rodents and causes flu-like symptoms in humans.
- A.
  
  Yersinia pestis
- B.
  
  Psitticosis
- C.
  
  Hantavirus
- D.
  
  Rat bite fever
Correct Answer
C. Hantavirus

Explanation
Hantavirus is an RNA virus commonly carried in deer mice/wild rodents and causes flu-like symptoms in humans. This virus is transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva. It can cause a severe respiratory illness known as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), which can be fatal. The symptoms include fever, muscle aches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Therefore, Hantavirus is the correct answer for the given question.

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6.

What bacteria causes HA, fever, and myalgia and is associated with Rat Bite Fever?
- A.
  
  Yersinia pestis
- B.
  
  Chlamydophilla psittaci
- C.
  
  Streptobacillus moniliformis
- D.
  
  Bunyaciridae
Correct Answer
C. Streptobacillus moniliformis

Explanation
Streptobacillus moniliformis is the correct answer because it is the bacteria that causes HA (headache), fever, and myalgia (muscle pain) and is associated with Rat Bite Fever. Yersinia pestis is the bacteria that causes the plague, Chlamydophilla psittaci is associated with psittacosis (a type of pneumonia), and bunyaciridae is a family of viruses that includes hantaviruses.

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7.

What bacteria is characterized as causing a biphasic disease that typically presents with flu-like symptoms, progressing to hepatic and renal disease if unresolved?
- A.
  
  Leptospira interrogans
- B.
  
  Chlamydophilia psitaci
- C.
  
  Listeria monocytogenes
- D.
  
  Streptobacillus moniliformis
Correct Answer
A. Leptospira interrogans

Explanation
Leptospira interrogans is the correct answer because it is a bacteria that causes a biphasic disease. This means that the disease has two distinct phases. It typically starts with flu-like symptoms and if left untreated, it can progress to hepatic and renal disease. This progression to hepatic and renal disease is characteristic of Leptospira interrogans. Chlamydophilia psitaci, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptobacillus moniliformis do not typically cause this type of disease progression.

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8.

A 8 year old patient presents to the ED with vomiting and diarrhea. His mother states that he spent the last two days at Zoombezi Bay. What is the most likely causative agent?
- A.
  
  Streptobacillus moniliformis
- B.
  
  Cryptosporidium parvum
- C.
  
  Listeria monocytogenes
- D.
  
  Leptospira interrogans
Correct Answer
B. Cryptosporidium parvum

Explanation
The most likely causative agent in this scenario is Cryptosporidium parvum. This is because the patient presented with vomiting and diarrhea after spending time at Zoombezi Bay, which is a water park. Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasite commonly found in contaminated water sources such as swimming pools and water parks. It can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, which are consistent with the patient's presentation. Other options such as Streptobacillus moniliformis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira interrogans are less likely to be the causative agent in this case.

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9.

___________ is one of the most virulent food-borne diseases and is one of the reasons why we pasteurize milk.
- A.
  
  Psitticosis
- B.
  
  Listeria monocytopgenes
- C.
  
  Streptobacillus moniliformis
- D.
  
  Cryptosporidium parvum
Correct Answer
B. Listeria monocytopgenes

Explanation
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most virulent food-borne diseases. It is a bacterium that can cause serious illness, especially in pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Listeria can contaminate various foods, including dairy products such as milk. Pasteurization is a process that involves heating milk to kill harmful bacteria like Listeria, making it safe for consumption. Therefore, Listeria monocytogenes is one of the reasons why we pasteurize milk to prevent the transmission of this dangerous bacterium and protect public health.

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10.

The mechanism of infection for what bacteria is associated with the migration of larvae causing damage to the eyes and brain and can be found in sandboxes?
- A.
  
  Listeria monocytopgenes
- B.
  
  Psitticosis
- C.
  
  Rhabdoviridae
- D.
  
  Baylisacaris procyonis
Correct Answer
D. Baylisacaris procyonis

Explanation
Baylisacaris procyonis is a type of roundworm that is commonly found in raccoons. The larvae of this parasite can migrate to various organs in the body, including the eyes and brain, causing damage. The infection can occur when a person comes into contact with raccoon feces, which may contaminate sandboxes or other outdoor areas. This can pose a risk, especially to children who may accidentally ingest the parasite while playing in contaminated areas. Therefore, Baylisacaris procyonis is the correct answer because it fits the description of a bacteria associated with larval migration and can be found in sandboxes.

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11.

A patient presents to the ED with a bite on his arm and a shoebox. He states that he thinks he was bitten during the night by a bat that was flying erratically around in apartment. He read on WebMD that neurologically symptoms do not appear until death is imminent, therefore he would like to be treated for which of the following infections....
- A.
  
  Toxoplasmosis
- B.
  
  Baylisacaris procyonis
- C.
  
  Rabies
- D.
  
  Anthrax
Correct Answer
C. Rabies

Explanation
PS..... THE DEAD BAT IS IN THE SHOEBOX. and this is a true story.

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Zoonotic Diseases

Infections transmitted from animals to humans are known as __________ diseases.

A patient presents with bleeding from the nose and rectum and within 24hrs passes away. You notice black eschars on their body and immediately diagnose the patient with what manifestation of anthrax?

What category of bioterrorism agents does the CDC characterize as easily transmitted from animal to person, have a high mortality rate, and include Anthrax, plague, and Ebola?

A patient presents with HA, chills, coughing and signs of a systemic infection. The patient mentions that they just got back from a trip to Arizona where they spent the week at a black-footed prairie dog retreat. What is the likely infectious agent?

_________ is an RNA virus commonly carried in deer mice/wild rodents and causes flu-like symptoms in humans.

What bacteria causes HA, fever, and myalgia and is associated with Rat Bite Fever?

What bacteria is characterized as causing a biphasic disease that typically presents with flu-like symptoms, progressing to hepatic and renal disease if unresolved?

A 8 year old patient presents to the ED with vomiting and diarrhea. His mother states that he spent the last two days at Zoombezi Bay. What is the most likely causative agent?

___________ is one of the most virulent food-borne diseases and is one of the reasons why we pasteurize milk.

The mechanism of infection for what bacteria is associated with the migration of larvae causing damage to the eyes and brain and can be found in sandboxes?