US History Chapter 13 Changes On The Western Frontier

Assimilation refers to a plan where Native Americans would abandon their traditions, beliefs, and lifestyle to become integrated into the dominant white culture. This process often involved adopting Western practices, education, language, and customs while relinquishing their own cultural identity. Assimilation policies were implemented by the U.S. government during the 19th and 20th centuries, aiming to eradicate Native American cultures and assimilate them into the mainstream society. This answer accurately describes the concept of assimilation without explicitly stating it.

The correct answer is Homestead. In 1862, Congress passed the Homestead Act, which provided 160 acres of land free of cost to any citizen who was the head of a household. This act aimed to encourage westward migration and settlement of the frontier by offering individuals the opportunity to claim and develop their own land. The Homestead Act played a significant role in the expansion of the United States and the development of agriculture in the western territories.

The Dawes Act was passed by Congress in an attempt to "Americanize" the Native Americans. This act aimed to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society by allotting them individual plots of land and encouraging them to adopt farming practices. It also sought to break up tribal land ownership and promote private land ownership. However, the Dawes Act ultimately had negative consequences for Native Americans, as it resulted in the loss of their traditional lands and cultural practices.

The Great Plains is a vast grassland that stretches across the west-central portion of the US. It is characterized by its flat terrain and is known for its fertile soils, which make it ideal for agriculture. The region is home to a variety of grasses and vegetation, as well as diverse wildlife. The Great Plains played a significant role in the expansion of the US, as it provided important resources for settlers and served as a major transportation route.

The statement is true because a long drive refers to the process of overland transport of animals, which typically took around three months. This term is commonly used in the context of cattle drives in the American West during the 19th century, where cowboys would drive herds of cattle over long distances to reach markets or grazing lands. The duration of these drives, along with the challenges and hardships faced by the cowboys, make the statement accurate.

A sod home, similar to a dugout, provides insulation that keeps it warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This suggests that the correct answer is "soddies," as sod homes are made by stacking blocks of turf or sod to create walls and roofs. The use of adobes, cabins, or igloos would not provide the same level of insulation and temperature regulation as a sod home.

The term "gold standard" refers to a monetary system in which the value of a country's currency is directly linked to a specific amount of gold. Under the gold standard, each unit of currency is convertible into a fixed amount of gold. This means that the government or central bank must hold enough gold reserves to back up the value of the currency in circulation. By backing dollars solely with gold, it means that the US dollar would be fully convertible into gold at a fixed rate, ensuring the stability and value of the currency.

George A. Custer is the correct answer because he was a Colonel who reported the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874, which sparked the gold rush in that area. He was also the leader of the seventh Cavalry, and he and his men were killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn. William Jennings Bryan and Oliver Hudson Kelley are not relevant to this historical event.

The movement of the people that is being referred to in the question is known as populism. Populism is a political ideology that focuses on the interests and concerns of ordinary people, often characterized by a distrust of the elite and a desire for greater economic and political equality. It typically involves advocating for policies that address the needs of the common people and challenging the established political and economic systems.

Sitting Bull is the correct answer because he was a well-known leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux tribe and he famously refused to sign the Treaty of Fort Laramie. He was a prominent figure in the resistance against the encroachment of Native American lands by the US government. Sitting Bull's refusal to sign the treaty was a symbol of his commitment to protecting the rights and sovereignty of his people.

William McKinley was nominated for president by the Republican Party and was known for his firm commitment to the gold standard. He believed that the gold standard provided stability and strength to the nation's economy. McKinley's support for the gold standard was a key aspect of his campaign and presidency, making him the correct answer to this question.

The correct answer is "exodusters". This term refers to the several thousand African-American settlers who migrated from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas. These individuals sought better opportunities and freedom from racial discrimination in the late 19th century. The term "exodusters" is derived from the biblical story of Exodus, symbolizing their journey to a promised land of freedom and equality.

William Jennings Bryan, a former Nebraska congressman and editor of the Omaha World-Herald, delivered an impassioned address called the "Cross of Gold" at the Democratic Convention. This speech resonated with the delegates and helped Bryan secure the Democratic nomination.

Oliver Hudson Kelley is the correct answer because he is the founder of the Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the Grange. The Grange was a social and educational organization for farmers that aimed to improve their economic and social well-being. Kelley started the Grange in 1867, and it quickly gained popularity among farmers across the United States. The organization played a significant role in advocating for farmers' rights and promoting agricultural education and cooperation.

The Battle of Wounded Knee is the correct answer because it accurately describes the event mentioned in the question. The Seventh Cavalry gathered up the Sioux and took them to a camp in South Dakota, which led to the massacre of 300 unarmed Native Americans. This event is widely recognized as the end of the Indian wars and an entire era. The other options listed do not match the details provided in the question.

Bonanza Farms is the correct answer because they were large-scale farms created by railroad companies and investors. These farms covered a significant amount of land, ranging from 15,000 to 50,000 acres, and focused on producing a single crop in massive quantities. The term "bonanza" refers to a situation of great wealth or success, which accurately reflects the scale and productivity of these farms. Neither Homestead Farms nor Grange Farms fit the description provided in the question.

The given statement mentions that The Grange gave rise to other organizations that sympathized with farmers and sent lecturers to educate people about topics such as lower interest rates on loans and government control over railroads and banks. The Farmers Alliance fits this description as it was an organization that emerged during the late 19th century and aimed to address the issues faced by farmers, including advocating for lower interest rates and government regulation of industries. Therefore, the Farmers Alliance is the most suitable answer based on the information provided.

Longhorns are sturdy, short-tempered breeds that are native to the dry grasslands of southern Spain. They are known for their long, curved horns, which give them their name. These cattle have now gained significant status in the state of Texas, possibly due to their adaptability to the region's climate and terrain.

The statement is false because it incorrectly states that Calamity Jane was killed during a poker game. In reality, Calamity Jane died of illness and natural causes. Additionally, the statement implies that Calamity Jane was not a skilled shooter, which is not accurate. Calamity Jane was known for her marksmanship skills and was an expert with a firearm.

The Chisholm Trail is the correct answer because it was a major cattle route that stretched from San Antonio, Texas, through Oklahoma to Kansas. It was used during the late 19th century to drive cattle from Texas ranches to railheads in Kansas for transportation to eastern markets. The trail was named after Jesse Chisholm, a trader and guide who had established the route.

The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 provided federal land to the states to support the establishment of agricultural colleges. This act aimed to promote education and research in agriculture, as well as to expand opportunities for higher education in rural areas. By granting land to the states, the federal government helped finance the creation of these colleges, which played a crucial role in advancing agricultural practices and fostering economic development in rural communities. The correct answer, Morrill, refers to the legislator Justin Smith Morrill, who sponsored the act.

The Treaty of Fort Laramie is the correct answer because it was an agreement between the US government and the Sioux. Under this treaty, the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the Missouri River. In exchange, the government promised to close the Bozeman Trail, which was a major source of conflict between the Sioux and the US Army. The treaty aimed to establish peace and define the boundaries of Sioux territory, but it was later violated by the US government, leading to further conflicts such as the Battle of Wounded Knee.

Bimetalism is the correct answer because it refers to a monetary system where both gold and silver are used as a standard for currency. The "Silverites" believed in this system, advocating for the government to exchange paper currency or checks for either gold or silver. This system allowed for more flexibility in the currency supply and was seen as a way to maintain stability in the economy.

The statement is true because it states that "Wild Bill" Hickok never dealt with cows, but instead served as a scout and a spy during the Civil War and later as a marshal in Abilene, Kansas. This suggests that Hickok did not have any involvement or experience with cows, but rather had a career in military and law enforcement roles.

The correct answer is "Both A and C". The question is asking for the name of the organization that provided a social outlet and educational forum for isolated farm families. The Farmers Alliance and the Grange were both organizations that served this purpose, making them both correct answers.