Unit 12 Riotto - A House Divided

The 1850 Compromise was a series of laws passed to address the issue of slavery in newly acquired territories. The correct answer, "to be decided by popular sovereignty," means that the decision on whether to allow or ban slavery in the Utah and New Territories would be made by the residents of those territories themselves through a popular vote. This was a compromise between those who wanted to ban slavery and those who wanted to allow it, allowing the people living in the territories to have a say in the matter.

Stephen Douglas proposed that the issue of slavery in the Kansas and Nebraska Territories be decided by the residents of those territories. This was known as popular sovereignty, which meant that the residents of each territory would vote and decide whether or not to allow slavery. Douglas believed that this would be a fair and democratic way to determine the status of slavery in these territories.

The principle of "popular sovereignty" states that the settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. This means that the people living in a particular area have the power to determine their own laws and regulations regarding slavery, rather than having those decisions made by a central authority such as Congress or the American people as a whole. This principle was a key aspect of the debate over slavery in the United States during the 19th century, as it allowed for local control and decision-making on this contentious issue.

Stephen Douglas' plans for the Kansas and Nebraska Territories required the repeal of the Missouri Compromise because the Missouri Compromise of 1820 had established a line (36°30' parallel) dividing the territories into slave and free states. Douglas wanted to create a policy of popular sovereignty, allowing the residents of each territory to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery or not. By repealing the Missouri Compromise, Douglas aimed to open up the possibility of slavery expanding into previously prohibited territories, giving more power to the settlers and undermining the previous compromise on the issue of slavery.

Most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. This means that while they may have accepted the existence of slavery in states where it was already legal, they did not want it to spread to new territories. This position reflects the growing tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery, as the North sought to limit its expansion while the South wanted to expand it.

The given options "MD," "free," "slave," and "pop. sov." are all abbreviations. Among these options, "slave" is the only one that is a commonly used abbreviation for the term "slavery." The other options do not have a clear connection to the concept of slavery. Therefore, "slave" is the correct answer.

The Harper's Ferry raid, led by abolitionist John Brown, was an attempt to start a slave rebellion in the South. Brown and his followers seized the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. The raid ultimately failed, with Brown being captured by U.S. Marines. He was tried and convicted of treason, murder, and conspiracy, and was subsequently executed. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is John Brown's execution.

The 1850 Fugitive Slave Law included several provisions that aimed to strengthen the enforcement of the capture and return of runaway slaves. It denied a jury trial to runaway slaves, denied them the right to testify on their own behalf, and increased penalties for individuals who assisted runaway slaves. Additionally, it reinforced Article IV of the Constitution, which stated that escaped slaves must be returned to their owners. However, the law did not specifically require the return of fugitive slaves from Canada, making this the correct answer.

The correct answer is Kansas. The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in Kansas. Popular sovereignty was the idea that the people of a territory should decide for themselves whether to allow slavery or not. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, which allowed the residents of Kansas to vote on whether to allow slavery. This led to a violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers, known as "Bleeding Kansas," and highlighted the deep divisions over the issue of slavery in the United States.

Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe had a huge political impact. The novel, published in 1852, played a significant role in shaping public opinion and increasing support for the abolitionist movement. It exposed the harsh realities of slavery and depicted the suffering of enslaved individuals, which stirred emotions and created empathy among readers. The book ignited discussions and debates about the morality of slavery, ultimately contributing to the growing anti-slavery sentiment in the United States. Its political impact was evident in the years leading up to the American Civil War, as it helped to mobilize and galvanize the abolitionist movement.

The Know-Nothing Party, also known as the American Party, was a political party in the United States during the mid-19th century. Their primary objective was to restrict the rights of immigrants. The party was formed in response to the large wave of Irish and German immigrants coming to the country, and they sought to limit their political power and influence. The Know-Nothings believed that immigrants posed a threat to native-born Americans and wanted to enact laws to restrict their rights and opportunities. They advocated for stricter naturalization laws and wanted to limit immigrants' access to public office and voting rights.

The Republican Party originated in the mid-1850s as a sectional party committed to opposing the further extension of slavery into the territories. This means that they were against allowing slavery to spread into new territories that were being acquired by the United States. This position was a major factor in the party's formation and was a key issue during the time leading up to the Civil War. The Republican Party's stance on opposing the expansion of slavery eventually led to the election of Abraham Lincoln, who became the first Republican president and played a pivotal role in the abolition of slavery.

In the 1860 presidential election, Lincoln won every free state. This means that he secured the majority of the votes in states where slavery was not allowed. This was a significant achievement for Lincoln, as it demonstrated his popularity and support among the non-slaveholding states. Winning every free state also helped Lincoln secure the necessary electoral votes to become the President of the United States.

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise was a legislative agreement that prohibited slavery in certain territories, but the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case declared that Congress did not have the power to exclude slavery from any territory. This decision invalidated the Missouri Compromise and further heightened tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States, ultimately leading to the Civil War.

The personal liberty laws passed by many northern states were a response to the 1850 Compromise. The 1850 Compromise was a series of laws aimed at resolving the issue of slavery in the newly acquired territories from the Mexican-American War. It included provisions such as the Fugitive Slave Act, which required the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The personal liberty laws were enacted by northern states to counteract the Fugitive Slave Act and protect the rights of free African Americans living in the North. These laws made it more difficult for slave catchers to apprehend and return escaped slaves, providing legal protections for those seeking freedom.

The term "Bleeding Congress" refers to the infamous incident where Charles Sumner was brutally beaten by Preston Brooks on the floor of the Senate. Therefore, the correct answer is Charles Sumner, Preston Brooks.

President James Buchanan's support of the Lecompton Constitution caused further division within the Democratic Party. The Lecompton Constitution was a proposed constitution for the state of Kansas that supported the expansion of slavery. Buchanan's endorsement of this constitution went against the beliefs of many Northern Democrats who opposed the spread of slavery. This disagreement led to a split within the party, with Southern Democrats supporting Buchanan's stance and Northern Democrats opposing it. The division within the Democratic Party ultimately weakened the party's unity and contributed to the growing tensions over the issue of slavery in the United States.

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law provoked the most controversy in the 1850s. This law required the capture and return of escaped slaves, even in free states, and imposed harsh penalties on those who aided or harbored fugitive slaves. It was seen as a direct violation of personal liberties and an encroachment on states' rights. The law further intensified tensions between the North and the South, as it highlighted the stark differences in attitudes towards slavery. The Fugitive Slave Law became a focal point of resistance and opposition, fueling the abolitionist movement and contributing to the eventual outbreak of the Civil War.

The correct answer is that the Dred Scott decision stated that all Black people were not citizens of the US. This decision, made by the Supreme Court in 1857, declared that Black people, whether enslaved or free, were not considered citizens and therefore did not have the right to sue in federal court. This ruling had significant implications for the status and rights of Black individuals in the United States at that time.

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During the time of "Bleeding Kansas," the Lecompton Constitution was a proslavery document that aimed to admit Kansas as a slave state. On the other hand, the New England Emigrant Aid Society was an antislavery organization that supported the settlement of free-soilers in Kansas. These two entities represented the opposing sides in the conflict over the expansion of slavery into Kansas, with the Lecompton Constitution advocating for slavery and the New England Emigrant Aid Society promoting antislavery sentiments.

The correct answer is nativism. The Know Nothing Party, also known as the American Party, was a political party in the United States that emerged in the 1850s. Their main focus during the 1856 presidential campaign was nativism, which is the policy of favoring native-born individuals over immigrants. The party was strongly anti-immigrant and sought to restrict the political power and influence of immigrants, particularly those from Catholic countries. They believed that immigrants were a threat to American values and jobs, and advocated for stricter immigration laws and increased naturalization requirements.

The Compromise of 1850 enacted a stringent fugitive slave law. This law required the return of escaped slaves to their owners, even if they had reached free states. It also imposed penalties on those who aided or harbored fugitive slaves. The law was a significant concession to the Southern states in an attempt to maintain the delicate balance between free and slave states. It was highly controversial and intensified the tensions between the North and the South over the issue of slavery.

The 1856 presidential election showed that the Republican Party was a political force to be contended with. This is because the election marked the first time that the Republican Party had a candidate running for president, John C. Frémont. Although Frémont did not win the election, he received a significant number of votes and demonstrated that the newly formed Republican Party had gained enough support to be a viable political contender. This result indicated that the Republican Party was becoming a major player in American politics and would continue to have a significant impact in future elections.

The given options are "free," "slave," and "pop. sov." Out of these options, "slave" is the correct answer. The abbreviation "D.C." stands for "District of Columbia," which was a hub for the slave trade during the time of American slavery. Therefore, the correct answer is "slave," as it relates to the historical context of the District of Columbia.

The Dred Scott decision established that national legislation could not limit the spread of slavery into the territories. This decision, made by the Supreme Court in 1857, declared that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in the western territories. It also ruled that slaves were property and not citizens, and therefore could not sue for their freedom. This decision further fueled tensions between the North and the South, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the Civil War.

The 1852 presidential election marked the end of the Whig Party. This means that the election had a significant impact on the Whig Party, leading to its demise or dissolution. The election likely resulted in the loss of support or cohesion within the party, ultimately leading to its downfall.

The most outrageous part of the Dred Scott decision for northerners was that Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories. This decision meant that slavery could potentially spread into new territories, which was seen as a threat to the anti-slavery movement in the North. It undermined the efforts of those who wanted to limit the expansion of slavery and was a blow to the idea of popular sovereignty, where the residents of a territory could decide whether to allow slavery or not. This decision further deepened the divide between the North and the South on the issue of slavery.

The graph above refutes the statement that most southern families held slaves. The graph shows that only a small percentage of white families in the antebellum South actually owned slaves. Therefore, it can be concluded that the majority of southern families did not hold slaves.

The Lincoln-Douglas debates resulted in Lincoln's "House Divided" speech. The debates were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the 1858 Illinois Senate campaign. In his speech, Lincoln discussed the issue of slavery and the division it caused in the country. The speech gained national attention and helped to establish Lincoln as a prominent political figure. It also set the stage for his eventual election as President in 1860.