Thermodynamics For Principles Of Engineering Quiz
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the below is not a type of heat transfer?
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Radiation
- C.
Expansion
- D.
Convection
Correct Answer
C. ExpansionExplanation
Expansion is not a type of heat transfer. Expansion refers to the increase in volume or size of a substance when it is heated. It is a physical property of matter and not a method of transferring heat from one object to another. Conduction, radiation, and convection are the three main types of heat transfer, where heat is transferred through direct contact, electromagnetic waves, and movement of fluids, respectively.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All matter is composed of particles that are in constant, random motion. Because of this motion, the particles have ? energy.
Correct Answer
kineticExplanation
All matter is composed of particles that are in constant, random motion. This motion is known as kinetic energy. Therefore, the particles in matter possess kinetic energy.Rate this question:
- 3.
The quantity that tells how hot or cold something is compared to a standard is ? and it is related to the average kinetic energy of a substance.
Correct Answer
temperatureExplanation
Temperature is the quantity that tells how hot or cold something is compared to a standard. It is related to the average kinetic energy of a substance. Temperature measures the intensity of heat present in an object or environment. It is a fundamental property of matter and is commonly measured using various scales such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.Rate this question:
- 4.
The temperature scale that assigns 0 degrees to the freezing point of water and 100 degrees to the boiling point of water is the ? scale.
Correct Answer
Celsius
CentigradeExplanation
The temperature scale that assigns 0 degrees to the freezing point of water and 100 degrees to the boiling point of water is known as the Celsius or Centigrade scale. Both terms refer to the same scale, which is widely used in most countries around the world.Rate this question:
- 5.
The SI scale of temperature used in scientific research is the ? scale.
Correct Answer
KelvinExplanation
The SI scale of temperature used in scientific research is the Kelvin scale. The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale where zero Kelvin represents absolute zero, the point at which all molecular motion ceases. It is commonly used in scientific experiments and calculations because it provides a more accurate and consistent measurement of temperature compared to other scales like Celsius or Fahrenheit.Rate this question:
- 6.
If two objects are at the same temperature, the particles in both substances have the same ? kinetic energy.
Correct Answer
averageExplanation
Temperature is related to the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles, since the particles will have a broad range of kinetic energies.Rate this question:
- 7.
Nearly all forms of matter ? when heated due to the fact that the particles will move faster and tend to move farther apart, on the average.
Correct Answer
expandExplanation
When matter is heated, the particles within it gain energy and start moving faster. This increased movement causes the particles to spread out and move farther apart from each other, resulting in an expansion of the matter. This phenomenon is observed in nearly all forms of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases.Rate this question:
- 8.
Which of the following is NOT a unit of heat?
- A.
Fahrenheit
- B.
Joule
- C.
Calorie
- D.
British thermal unit
Correct Answer
A. FahrenheitExplanation
Fahrenheit is not a unit of heat, but rather a unit of temperature. Heat is measured in units such as joules, calories, and British thermal units, which quantify the amount of energy transferred. Fahrenheit, on the other hand, is a scale used to measure temperature.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Besides kinetic energy, molecules have rotational kinetic energy, potential energy due to forces between molecules and more. The total of all energies inside a substance is called ? energy.
Correct Answer
internalExplanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that besides kinetic energy, molecules also possess rotational kinetic energy and potential energy due to forces between molecules. When all these energies are combined, it forms the total energy inside a substance, which is referred to as internal energy.Rate this question:
- 10.
When heat flows from one object or substance to another it is in contact with, the substances are said to be in ? contact.
Correct Answer
thermalExplanation
When heat flows from one object or substance to another, the substances are said to be in thermal contact. Thermal contact refers to the physical interaction between two objects or substances that allows heat to transfer between them. This transfer occurs due to the temperature difference between the objects, causing the energy to move from the hotter object to the cooler one. Therefore, when two substances are in thermal contact, heat can flow between them until they reach thermal equilibrium, where their temperatures are equal.Rate this question:
- 11.
When objects are in thermal contact, heat will flow until they are at the same temperature, a condition known as ? ?
Correct Answer
thermal equilibriumExplanation
When objects are in thermal contact, heat will flow from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature until they reach the same temperature. This condition is known as thermal equilibrium. In thermal equilibrium, there is no net flow of heat between the objects because they have reached a state of balance where their temperatures are equal.Rate this question:
- 12.
A thermometer comes to thermal equilibrium with whatever it is place in, therefore a thermometer actually registers its own temperature.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A thermometer works by measuring the temperature of its surroundings. When it comes into contact with an object or a substance, it exchanges heat with it until both reach the same temperature, which is called thermal equilibrium. Therefore, a thermometer does register its own temperature because it is in thermal equilibrium with the environment it is placed in.Rate this question:
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- 13.
On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at ? degrees.
- A.
0
- B.
32
- C.
36
- D.
38
Correct Answer
B. 32Explanation
Water freezes at 32 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale. This is the freezing point of water, where it changes from a liquid to a solid state. The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the United States, and 32 degrees is the specific temperature at which water freezes in this scale.Rate this question:
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- 14.
On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at ? degrees.
- A.
212
- B.
100
- C.
180
- D.
220
Correct Answer
A. 212Explanation
Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit on the Fahrenheit scale. This is the correct answer because 212 degrees Fahrenheit is the boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Two strips of different metals, permanently bonded together, will curve when heated due to the different ? rates of the metals.
Correct Answer
expansionExplanation
When two strips of different metals are permanently bonded together and heated, they will curve because the metals have different expansion rates. Each metal expands at a different rate when heated, causing one side of the bonded strip to expand more than the other. This difference in expansion rates creates stress within the strip, leading to the curvature.Rate this question:
- 16.
The term for two metals bonded together that curve when heated is a ? strip.
Correct Answer
bimetallicExplanation
A bimetallic strip is a term used to describe two different metals that are bonded together and have different coefficients of thermal expansion. When heated, these metals expand at different rates, causing the strip to curve or bend. This property is used in various applications such as thermostats and temperature control devices.Rate this question:
- 17.
A device in the home that uses a bimetallic strip to turn on or to turn off the furnace is called a ?
Correct Answer
thermostatExplanation
A thermostat is a device in the home that uses a bimetallic strip to turn on or off the furnace. The bimetallic strip is made up of two different metals with different expansion rates. When the temperature rises, one metal expands more than the other, causing the strip to bend and complete an electrical circuit, turning on the furnace. When the temperature falls, the strip bends in the opposite direction, breaking the circuit and turning off the furnace. Therefore, a thermostat is the correct answer for a device that uses a bimetallic strip to control the furnace.Rate this question:
- 18.
Which has more internal energy, a bathtub full of cool water or a cup of hot water?
- A.
Bathtub full of cool water
- B.
Cup of hot water
Correct Answer
A. Bathtub full of cool waterExplanation
The bathtub full of cool water has more internal energy compared to a cup of hot water. This is because internal energy is directly related to the temperature of a substance. Although the cup of hot water has a higher temperature, the bathtub contains a larger volume of water, which means it has a greater total internal energy.Rate this question:
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- 19.
If a piece of aluminum is placed in contact with both a bathtub full of cool water and a cup of hot water, which way will heat flow?
- A.
From the cup to the bathtub
- B.
From the bathtub to the cup
Correct Answer
A. From the cup to the bathtubExplanation
Heat will flow from the cup to the bathtub because heat always flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. The cup of hot water has a higher temperature than the bathtub full of cool water, so heat will transfer from the cup to the bathtub until both reach an equilibrium temperature.Rate this question:
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- 20.
If heat flows from a cup of hot water to a bathtub full of cool water, the water in the cup will have a loss in ? energy while the water in the tub will have an increase in ? energy.Write just one answer, it is the same for both question marks.
- A.
Thermal
- B.
Heat
- C.
Internal
Correct Answer
C. InternalExplanation
When heat flows from a cup of hot water to a bathtub full of cool water, both the water in the cup and the water in the tub will experience a change in their internal energy. Heat is a form of energy, and as it flows from the hot water to the cool water, the internal energy of both systems will increase. Therefore, the correct answer is "internal."Rate this question:
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- 21.
If heat flows from a cup of hot water to a bathtub full of cool water, the temperature gain of the water in the tub will be ? the temperature change of the water in the cup.
- A.
The same as (but opposite sign)
- B.
Greater than (but opposite sign) than
- C.
Smaller than (but opposite sign) than
Correct Answer
C. Smaller than (but opposite sign) thanExplanation
Conservation of energy says the amount of energy (in this case heat) transferred is the same but due to the big mass differences, the temperature change will not be the same.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The transfer of heat between materials that are in direct contact is called ?
Correct Answer
conductionExplanation
Conduction is the transfer of heat between materials that are in direct contact with each other. It occurs when the molecules in a warmer object collide with the molecules in a cooler object, transferring energy and increasing the temperature of the cooler object. This process continues until both objects reach thermal equilibrium. Conduction is an important mechanism for heat transfer in solids, where the molecules are closely packed and can easily interact with each other.Rate this question:
- 23.
Conduction takes place very easily in metals primarily because metals have very "loose" outer ? in their atoms that can drift through the metal and jostle other particles.
Correct Answer
electronsExplanation
Metals have a unique atomic structure where their outermost electrons are not tightly bound to the nucleus, allowing them to move freely within the metal. These "loose" outer electrons are called valence electrons. Due to their mobility, they can easily drift through the metal lattice and collide with other particles, transferring energy and causing conduction to occur. This high electron mobility is the reason why conduction takes place very easily in metals.Rate this question:
- 24.
A very poor conductor such as wood or styrofoam is known as an ? because they delay the transfer of heat.
Correct Answer
insulatorExplanation
An insulator is a material that does not conduct heat well and therefore delays the transfer of heat. Wood and styrofoam are examples of very poor conductors, or insulators, because they have a low thermal conductivity. Unlike metals or other good conductors, insulators do not allow heat to flow easily through them, making them effective at preventing the transfer of heat.Rate this question:
- 25.
Air is a good conductor.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Air is a very poor conductor making it an insulator and any substance that traps air is a good insulator.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Metals conduct both heat and cold very well.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
"Cold" is simply the absence of heat. There is no "cold" that passes through a conductor or insulator, only heat is transferred.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A form of heat transfer that occurs by currents in a fluid (gas or liquid) is ?
Correct Answer
convectionExplanation
Convection is a form of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of currents in a fluid, such as gas or liquid. When a fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, while the cooler, denser fluid sinks. This creates a circular motion of the fluid, transferring heat from one place to another. Convection is responsible for various natural phenomena, such as the circulation of air in the atmosphere, ocean currents, and even the boiling of water.Rate this question:
- 28.
When a fluid (gas or liquid) is heated, it expands and then ?, transferring heat in the process.
Correct Answer
risesExplanation
When a fluid (gas or liquid) is heated, it expands due to the increase in its molecular motion. As the molecules move faster and spread out, the fluid becomes less dense and occupies more space. This expansion causes the fluid to rise, as it becomes lighter and displaces the surrounding cooler fluid. This process is known as convection and is responsible for the transfer of heat in fluids.Rate this question:
- 29.
In this type of heat transfer, energy moves but the actual particles making up the substance do not.
- A.
Convection
- B.
Conduction
Correct Answer
B. ConductionExplanation
Conduction is the correct answer because it is a type of heat transfer where energy is transferred from one particle to another through direct contact, without the actual particles themselves moving. In conduction, heat is conducted through a solid material or between two objects in direct contact.Rate this question:
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- 30.
In this type of heat transfer, some of the particles making up the substance move from one region to another.
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
Correct Answer
B. ConvectionExplanation
Convection is the correct answer because it involves the movement of particles within a substance. In convection, the particles transfer heat energy by physically moving from one region to another. This can occur in liquids and gases, where heated particles become less dense and rise, while cooler particles sink. This process creates a circular motion, allowing for the transfer of heat throughout the substance. Conduction, on the other hand, involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between particles, without any movement of the particles themselves.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The type of heat transfer that can take place through a vacuum is called ?
Correct Answer
radiationExplanation
Radiation is the type of heat transfer that can take place through a vacuum. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium such as solids, liquids, or gases to transfer heat, radiation can occur in the absence of a medium. It involves the emission and absorption of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, which can travel through a vacuum. This is why the heat from the Sun can reach the Earth through the vacuum of space.Rate this question:
- 32.
Radiation involves electromagnetic waves that fall in the ? region.
Correct Answer
infraredExplanation
Radiation involves electromagnetic waves that fall in the infrared region. Infrared radiation refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that has longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light. It is commonly associated with heat and is used in various applications such as thermal imaging, remote controls, and night vision technology. Infrared radiation is not visible to the human eye but can be detected and measured using specialized equipment.Rate this question:
- 33.
When radiation (or radiant energy) falls upon an object, some of the energy will be absorbed and some will be reflected.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Radiation refers to the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles. When radiation falls upon an object, it interacts with the object's surface. Some of the energy from the radiation will be absorbed by the object, causing an increase in its internal energy. This absorbed energy may be converted into heat or other forms of energy. Additionally, some of the energy will be reflected back, bouncing off the object's surface. Therefore, it is true that when radiation falls upon an object, some of the energy will be absorbed and some will be reflected.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The first law of thermodynamics is really just a restatement of the law of conservation of ?
Correct Answer
energyExplanation
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. This is essentially a restatement of the law of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy in a closed system remains constant. Therefore, the correct answer is "energy" as it aligns with both the first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of energy.Rate this question:
- 35.
The first law of thermodynamics can be written several different ways, one of them is:change in U = Q - W U stands for ? ?
Correct Answer
internal energyExplanation
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy (U) of a system is equal to the heat (Q) added to the system minus the work (W) done by the system. In this equation, U represents the internal energy of the system, which is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of its particles. Therefore, the correct answer is internal energy.Rate this question:
- 36.
In the equation:change in U = Q - W Q stands for ?
Correct Answer
heatExplanation
In the given equation, "change in U = Q - W," Q represents heat. This equation is used to calculate the change in internal energy (U) of a system, where Q represents the heat added or removed from the system, and W represents the work done on or by the system. Therefore, the correct answer is heat.Rate this question:
- 37.
In the equation: change in U = Q - W W stands for ?
- A.
Work
- B.
Work done on the system
- C.
Work done by the system
- D.
Entropy
Correct Answer
C. Work done by the systemExplanation
In the equation, "change in U" represents the change in internal energy of the system, "Q" represents the heat added to the system, and "W" represents the work done by the system. Therefore, the correct answer is "work done by the system" because it represents the energy transferred from the system to its surroundings due to work.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A system has 30 J of heat added to it and in doing so, it does 25 J of work. The change in internal energy will be:
- A.
+ 25 J
- B.
+ 5 J
- C.
- 5 J
- D.
- 30 J
- E.
- 25 J
Correct Answer
B. + 5 JExplanation
The system has 30 J of heat added to it and does 25 J of work. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. Therefore, the change in internal energy will be 30 J - 25 J = +5 J.Rate this question:
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- 39.
If the internal energy of a system increases, then the ? of the system will increase.
- A.
Heat
- B.
Work
- C.
Temperature
Correct Answer
C. TemperatureExplanation
When the internal energy of a system increases, it means that there is an increase in the total energy of the system. This increase in energy is typically due to the addition of heat or the performance of work on the system. However, since the question specifically asks about the effect on the system's temperature, we can conclude that when the internal energy increases, the temperature of the system will also increase. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the system, and an increase in internal energy implies an increase in the kinetic energy of the particles, leading to a higher temperature.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The second law of thermodynamics states that heat will never spontaneously flow from a colder object to a hotter object. This is because heat naturally flows from regions of higher temperature to regions of lower temperature. Therefore, the given statement aligns with the second law of thermodynamics and is true.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:Heat can be completely changed into work.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The second law of thermodynamics states that heat cannot be completely changed into work. This law is based on the principle of entropy, which states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy of a closed system always increases. This means that some amount of heat will always be lost as waste or dissipated into the surroundings, making it impossible for heat to be completely converted into work. Therefore, the statement that heat can be completely changed into work is false.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is the ideal efficiency of a heat engine that has a hot reservoir at 500 K and a cold reservoir of 200 K?
- A.
60%
- B.
50%
- C.
40%
- D.
55%
- E.
45%
Correct Answer
A. 60%Explanation
500-200=300, and 300/500=.60Rate this question:
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- 43.
A heat engine that had no friction present could be 100% efficient.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, it is impossible for all of the heat to be changed into work.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:Whenever energy transforms, the total amount of energy remains constant.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It is a true statement but it is the first law of thermodynamics that is being described here.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:Natural systems tend to proceed towards a state of greater order.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Replace "order" with "disorder" and it would be true!Rate this question:
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- 46.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:A barrel of pennies is dumped on the floor. The pennies could all come up heads but because there are many more ways for the pennies not to all come up heads, that is more likely to happen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The second law of thermodynamics states that in a closed system, the entropy (measure of disorder) tends to increase over time. In the case of the barrel of pennies being dumped on the floor, there are many more ways for the pennies to not all come up heads (disorder) compared to the specific arrangement of all pennies coming up heads (order). Therefore, it is more likely for the pennies to not all come up heads, which aligns with the second law of thermodynamics. Hence, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The second law of thermodynamics deals with what is most likely to happen (probability) instead of what has to happen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The second law of thermodynamics states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy of a closed system will always increase over time. This means that the system will tend towards a state of greater disorder or randomness. The law does not dictate what will happen in a specific situation, but rather describes the statistical probability of events occurring. Therefore, it deals with what is most likely to happen rather than what has to happen, making the statement "True" accurate.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The measure of the amount of disorder in a system is called ?
Correct Answer
entropyExplanation
Entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system. It quantifies the number of possible arrangements or states that a system can have. A system with high entropy has a high level of disorder, while a system with low entropy has a high level of order. Therefore, entropy is the correct answer for the measure of the amount of disorder in a system.Rate this question:
- 49.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:For natural processes, in the long run, entropy decreases.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time. This means that for natural processes, in the long run, entropy increases rather than decreases. Therefore, the statement that entropy decreases for natural processes in the long run is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The second law of thermodynamics would back up this statement:Disorganized energy can be changed to orderly usable energy only by doing work.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The second law of thermodynamics states that the natural tendency of energy is to become more disordered over time. This means that disorganized energy cannot spontaneously become orderly and usable energy without the input of work. Therefore, the given statement is supported by the second law of thermodynamics and is true.Rate this question:
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