Tcu Theater Walsh Exam 2

Aristotle was indeed a trained biologist. He is often referred to as the father of biology as he made significant contributions to the field. Aristotle conducted extensive research on animals, studying their anatomy, behavior, and classification. He also wrote a book called "Historia Animalium" which provided detailed observations on various species. His work in biology laid the foundation for future scientific studies in this field.

When watching a play, it is considered proper etiquette to turn off your cell phone. This is because cell phones can be distracting and disrupt the performance for both the actors and the audience. By turning off your cell phone, you show respect for the performers and allow everyone to fully engage in the play without any interruptions.

According to Aristotle, all good plays should have a good beginning, middle, and end. This means that a play should have a well-structured plot with a clear exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. This ensures that the play engages the audience from the start, develops the story effectively, and provides a satisfying conclusion. By following this structure, a play can effectively convey its themes, create tension and emotional impact, and leave a lasting impression on the audience.

In Greek tragedy, hubris refers to excessive pride or arrogance. In the case of Oedipus, his tragic flaw was his hubris, as he believed himself to be above the gods and thought he could outsmart fate. This arrogance led him to unknowingly fulfill the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother, causing his downfall. Oedipus' hubris blinds him to the truth and prevents him from seeing the consequences of his actions, ultimately leading to his tragic fate.

Shakespeare retires because he wants to cash in on his shares and retire as a country gentleman. This suggests that Shakespeare is looking to secure his financial future and live a more relaxed and comfortable lifestyle. By cashing in on his shares, he can ensure a steady income and enjoy the benefits of being a country gentleman. This decision is driven by his desire for financial stability and a change in lifestyle rather than any health-related or personal reasons.

The statement "Shakespeare retires because of illness" is false. Shakespeare did not retire due to illness. In fact, there is no historical evidence to suggest that Shakespeare retired at all. He continued to write and be involved in the theater until his death in 1616.

Melodrama or drama is a genre that can incorporate elements of both tragedy and comedy, often culminating in a happy ending. This means that the storyline can include intense and emotional moments, as well as lighter and humorous moments, ultimately leading to a positive resolution. Therefore, the statement "melodrama or drama can have elements of both tragedy and comedy, usually with a happy ending" is true.

Aristotle lists plot as the first and most important element of dramatic action. This is because the plot is the structure and arrangement of events in a play, which drives the story forward and creates tension and suspense. It is through the plot that the audience becomes engaged and invested in the narrative, as they follow the development and resolution of conflicts. The plot determines the overall structure and coherence of the play, making it a crucial element for creating a compelling and impactful dramatic experience.

Aristotle wrote descriptive criticism.

The correct answer is one judge from each Athenian tribe. In the ancient Athenian festival of Dionysia, there were 10 judges who were chosen from each of the 10 Athenian tribes. These judges were responsible for evaluating and awarding prizes to the performances and plays that were presented during the festival. Each tribe had its own judge, ensuring a fair representation and evaluation of the performances.

During the Elizabethan era in England, the master of the revels had the authority to review and approve all plays that were to be performed. This included licensing all acting companies, ensuring that they adhered to certain standards and regulations. The master of the revels played a crucial role in maintaining control over the content and quality of theatrical productions during this period. Therefore, the statement that the master of the revels examined all plays and licensed all acting companies in Elizabethan England is true.

During the medieval period, the guilds assumed the costs for producing the plays once they moved outside of the church. Guilds were associations of craftsmen and merchants who had the financial means to support the production of plays. They provided the necessary funds for costumes, props, and other expenses related to staging the plays. This support from the guilds allowed the plays to continue outside of the church and reach a wider audience.

During the classical Greek period, playwrights, actors, and producers were selected and paired together by lot. This means that the selection process was random and based on chance rather than personal preference or merit. This system allowed for a fair distribution of opportunities and prevented favoritism or bias in the selection of individuals for theatrical productions.

Aristotle's six elements of dramatic action, as outlined in his work "Poetics," include plot, character, thought, diction, spectacle, and music. However, ritual is not included in his list. Ritual refers to ceremonial actions or religious practices, which are not specifically mentioned by Aristotle as a key element in dramatic action.

According to Aristotle, comedy involves a deviation from normality that should not pose a serious threat. Instead, it is meant to be enjoyed and seen as lighthearted entertainment. This means that the events or situations portrayed in comedy should not be taken seriously or seen as a real danger. Therefore, the statement is true as it accurately represents Aristotle's perspective on comedy.

The choregus were wealthy Greek citizens who financially supported the production of plays. They played a crucial role in ancient Greek theater by providing funds for costumes, sets, and other expenses. Their contributions were essential in ensuring the success and quality of the performances.

Shakespeare's plays are often referred to as cinematic in nature because of their structure. This is because his plays have a clear beginning, middle, and end, similar to the three-act structure commonly used in films. Additionally, Shakespeare's use of dramatic devices such as soliloquies, asides, and dramatic irony creates a sense of visual storytelling, enhancing the cinematic quality of his plays.

A play can indeed be centered around a central character. In many plays, there is a main character who serves as the focal point of the story. This character often drives the plot and is the one who undergoes significant development or transformation throughout the play. The actions and decisions of other characters may revolve around this central character, and their relationships and conflicts may be directly tied to them. This central character's journey and experiences are typically the primary focus of the play, making it centered around them.

Priaktoi in Greek theatre were scenic devices. These were tall, triangular structures with three sides that could be rotated to show different scenes or settings. They were used to create a sense of depth and perspective on stage, allowing for quick scene changes and enhancing the visual appeal of the performances. The actors would perform in front of these scenic devices, which would be decorated to represent different locations or environments.

During the Elizabethan era in England, theaters were constructed outside the city limits to avoid the control and regulations imposed by the powerful town councils. By doing so, the theaters could operate independently and freely without interference or restrictions. This allowed playwrights, actors, and theater companies to have more creative freedom and flexibility in their productions. Additionally, being located outside city limits also provided easier access for the audience, as it was not subject to the congestion and regulations of the city center. Therefore, the statement is true.

The correct answer is "The choregus." In ancient Greece, the choregus was responsible for financing and organizing the production of plays. They would select and pay the playwright, actors, and chorus, as well as provide costumes and other necessary resources. The choregus played a crucial role in ensuring the success of the theatrical performances in classic Greece.

The given statement is false. The inciting incident in a story typically occurs before the crisis. The inciting incident is the event or occurrence that sets the main conflict of the story in motion. It is the event that disrupts the protagonist's ordinary life and prompts them to take action. On the other hand, the crisis is the turning point or the peak of tension in the story, usually occurring towards the climax. Therefore, the inciting incident always happens before the crisis.

Dramatic action refers to the events that occur in a play and the reasons behind them. It encompasses not only the actions themselves but also the motivations and intentions behind those actions. This includes the development of the plot, the conflicts between characters, and the overall progression of the story. Dramatic action is crucial in understanding the dynamics of a play and how it unfolds.

"The Clouds" is the correct answer because this play by Aristophanes satirically portrayed Socrates as a sophist who taught young men to question authority and traditional values. The play was performed in Athens during a time of political and social unrest after the Peloponnesian War, and it is believed to have influenced the city fathers to put Socrates on trial for his perceived influence on corrupting the youth of Athens.

Aristotle wrote the 'Poetics', which is considered the first significant work of dramatic criticism. In this work, Aristotle discusses various aspects of drama, including plot, character, and spectacle. He analyzes the elements that make a play successful and provides insights into the nature and purpose of tragedy. Aristotle's 'Poetics' has had a profound influence on the theory and practice of drama, and it continues to be studied and referenced by scholars and practitioners to this day.

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During the Elizabethan era, acting companies were commonly structured as joint-stock companies, where actors were also shareholders. This allowed them to have a financial stake in the company's success. The statement suggests that there were approximately 25 members in the Elizabethan acting company, with about half of them being shareholders. This aligns with historical records and the structure of acting companies during that period, making the statement true.

The correct answer is 534 BC. This date represents the first dramatic contest where a prize was given for the best tragedy. This event marked an important milestone in the history of theater and the recognition of excellence in dramatic performances.

In the movie "Shakespeare in Love," Shakespeare is not shown writing "Hamlet." The film focuses on Shakespeare's struggle to write his play "Romeo and Juliet." Therefore, the statement that Shakespeare is writing "Hamlet" is incorrect.

Hrosvitha was a German nun who read and adapted the plays of the Roman playwright Terence. This means that she was a nun from Germany who was familiar with the works of Terence and adapted them in some way, possibly for performance or study. This suggests that she had a deep knowledge of Roman literature and was actively engaged in the cultural exchange between Germany and Rome during her time.

During the Middle Ages, plays performed inside the church that depicted the story of Christ were known as liturgical plays. These plays were an important part of religious ceremonies and were performed by clergy members or members of the church community. They were typically performed during specific religious festivals or events, such as Easter. Liturgical plays served as a way to educate and engage the congregation in the teachings of the Bible and the life of Christ. They were performed in a sacred space and often included music, costumes, and elaborate staging.

The correct answer is "part of the landed gentry in Stratford." This means that at the end of his life, Shakespeare was a member of the wealthy and privileged class in his hometown of Stratford. This is supported by historical records that show Shakespeare had acquired substantial wealth and property during his career as a playwright and actor.

The "master of the revels" in Elizabethan England was an appointed official in charge of licensing and censoring theater. This individual had the authority to grant licenses for theatrical performances and also had the power to censor plays, ensuring that they complied with the moral and political standards of the time. This position was crucial in controlling and regulating the theater industry during the Elizabethan era.

The Lenaia festival in ancient Athens was primarily for comedies. This festival was held in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and theater. During the Lenaia, playwrights would compete against each other by presenting their comedic plays to the audience. This festival was an important event in the theatrical calendar of ancient Athens and provided a platform for the performance and appreciation of comedic plays.

In Elizabethan times, boys were commonly used to play female roles on stage due to societal norms that prohibited women from performing. These female roles were not considered "small" or "extra" roles, but rather significant characters in the plays. Therefore, the statement that boys could only play small or "extra" roles on the Elizabethan stage is false.

In 5th century BC Greece, it was common for a single author to write and present three tragedies at the main festival in Athens. This was part of the Athenian dramatic competition known as the "trilogy", where three tragedies were performed in succession, followed by a satyr play. The three tragedies were usually thematically connected and formed a cohesive narrative. This practice was popularized by playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who each wrote trilogies for the festival. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

The correct answer is The Lord Chamberlains men. This was the name of the company that Shakespeare first joined when he began his career as a playwright and actor. The Lord Chamberlain's Men was one of the most prominent acting companies in London during the Elizabethan era, and Shakespeare was a key member of the troupe. They later became known as The King's Men after King James I ascended to the throne.

During the Middle Ages, once the dramas were moved outside churches, the plays were performed by guilds. Guilds were associations of craftsmen and tradespeople who had specialized skills in various professions. They played a significant role in organizing and performing the plays as a form of entertainment for the community. Guild members would often take on different roles, such as actors, stagehands, or even musicians, to bring the plays to life outside the church setting. This allowed the guilds to showcase their talents and entertain the public while also serving as a means of promoting their professions.

Aeschylus introduced the 2nd actor to the competition. This means that before Aeschylus, there was only one actor performing in plays. However, Aeschylus changed this by adding a second actor, which allowed for more dynamic and interactive performances on stage. This innovation in Greek theater had a significant impact on the development of drama and storytelling.

Elizabethan theater indeed utilized trap doors and stage machinery. These elements were commonly employed to create dramatic effects such as characters appearing or disappearing suddenly, or to facilitate scene changes. Trap doors allowed actors to make grand entrances or exits, while stage machinery enabled the presentation of special effects like flying or magical transformations. These techniques added excitement and spectacle to the performances, enhancing the overall theatrical experience for the audience.

The correct answer is "a contrived ending (badly written)". "Deus ex machina" is a literary term that originated from ancient Greek theater, where it referred to a plot device in which a god was introduced into the story to resolve a seemingly unsolvable problem. In modern usage, it has come to mean an ending that feels forced or artificial, often resulting from poor writing or lack of creativity.

Plays performed inside the church during the middle ages were performed in Latin because Latin was the language of the Catholic Church and was widely used in religious ceremonies and texts. Latin was considered the language of the educated and clergy, and it was believed that using Latin in religious performances would enhance the spiritual experience and maintain the solemnity of the occasion. Additionally, Latin was seen as a universal language that could be understood by people from different regions. Therefore, it was common for plays performed inside the church during the middle ages to be in Latin.

The sixth most important element of Aristotle's six elements of dramatic action is spectacle. Spectacle refers to the visual aspects of a performance, such as costumes, set design, and special effects. While all elements are important in creating a successful dramatic action, spectacle adds an additional layer of visual appeal and can enhance the overall experience for the audience.

A "dythramb" is an ecstatic hymn that is sung during Greek dance competitions. This type of hymn is characterized by its lively and rhythmic nature, often accompanied by dancing and celebrating. It was an important part of ancient Greek culture and was performed during religious festivals and competitions, honoring the god Dionysus. The word "dythramb" comes from the Greek word "dithurambein," which means to celebrate or praise.

Thespis is credited with being the first person to step out of the chorus and become an actor, as well as winning the first dramatic contest in Athens. This marked the beginning of the art of acting as we know it today. Aeschylus and Sophocles were also famous Greek playwrights, but they came after Thespis and built upon his innovations. Bacchus, on the other hand, was a Greek god associated with wine and fertility, and not known for his contributions to theater.

The explanation for the answer "True" is that the theater of Dionysus that exists today is indeed mostly ruins of the Roman renovation of the theater. The original theater was built in the 5th century BC in Athens, Greece, but it underwent several renovations throughout its history. The Romans made significant modifications to the theater in the 1st century BC, and much of what remains today is a result of their renovations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the current state of the theater mostly represents the Roman renovations rather than the original Greek structure.

In medieval theater, the "platea" refers to the stage area. This is the space where the actors perform and where most of the action takes place. It is the central area of the theater where the audience's attention is focused. The stage area is an essential component of any theatrical production, providing a platform for the actors to bring the story to life and engage with the audience.

Greek comedy was not culturally more important than tragedy. While both comedy and tragedy were highly regarded in ancient Greek society, tragedy held a higher status and was considered more prestigious. Tragedy was often performed at religious festivals and dealt with serious themes, such as the nature of the gods and the human condition. Comedy, on the other hand, was seen as more lighthearted and focused on everyday life and satire. Despite its entertainment value, comedy was not considered as culturally significant as tragedy.

Aristotle said that good plays were not complete and self-contained. In his book "Poetics," he argued that a good play should have a beginning, middle, and end, and that it should follow the principles of unity of action, time, and place. He believed that a play should imitate life and evoke emotions in the audience, and that it should have a clear structure and purpose. This is in contrast to the other options listed, as they were not known for their theories on drama and plays.

Richard Burbage is the correct answer because he was a renowned English actor in the 16th century and a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the acting company for which Shakespeare wrote his plays. Burbage is known for his iconic performances in leading roles such as Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear. He was highly regarded for his ability to bring Shakespeare's characters to life and was considered one of the greatest actors of his time.