Structural Reviewer: Architecture Licensure Exam! Trivia Quiz

The correct answer is stirrups or ties. In reinforced concrete structures, bundled bars need to be enclosed within stirrups or ties. Stirrups or ties are used to hold the bundled bars in place and prevent them from moving or shifting. They provide additional strength and stability to the structure by increasing the overall resistance to shear forces. The use of stirrups or ties ensures the proper alignment and positioning of the bundled bars, enhancing the structural integrity and performance of the concrete element.

Concrete needs to be maintained at a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius and in a moist condition for at least the first 7 days after placement. This is important for the proper curing of the concrete, as it allows for hydration to occur and for the concrete to gain strength. Maintaining a consistent temperature and moisture level during the early stages of curing helps to prevent cracking and ensures the concrete achieves its desired strength and durability.

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer should be DB, which means it should be equal to the diameter of the bar being used. In this case, the minimum clear spacing is 25mm, which means that the spacing between the parallel bars should be at least 25mm.

The minimum concrete cover for prestressed concrete permanently exposed to earth is 75mm. This is necessary to protect the prestressed strands from corrosion and ensure the durability and structural integrity of the concrete. A thicker concrete cover provides better protection against environmental factors such as moisture and chemicals in the soil. Therefore, a minimum cover of 75mm is required to meet the design requirements and ensure the long-term performance of the prestressed concrete.

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in 2 or more layers should be DB but not less than 25mm. This means that when constructing multiple layers of parallel bars, the spacing between them should be at least 25mm.

The correct answer is 4 bars. The question is asking about the limit of bundled bars in 1 bundle. The answer indicates that the limit is 4 bars.

The minimum thickness for a one-way slab using L/28 is for both ends continuous. In a one-way slab, the load is carried in one direction and the slab is supported on two opposite sides. When both ends are continuous, it means that the slab is supported on all four sides, providing more support and reducing the need for additional thickness. Therefore, the minimum thickness can be achieved in this case.

For a 32mm diameter or smaller, 10mm size of lateral ties will be used. This means that for smaller diameter sizes, a smaller size of lateral ties is required for reinforcement. The smaller size is chosen to ensure proper reinforcement and structural integrity of the construction material.

In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, the clear distance between longitudinal bars should not be less than 1.5 times the diameter of the bar (1.5 db) or 40mm. This requirement ensures that there is sufficient space between the bars to allow for effective concrete placement and consolidation, and to prevent congestion that could hinder the structural integrity of the member.

The correct answer is 40mm. The minimum concrete cover for precast concrete exposed to earth or weather for wall panels is 45mm. However, if a 60mm diameter bar (db) is used, the minimum concrete cover required is increased to 40mm. This is to ensure sufficient protection and durability of the precast concrete against environmental factors.

The wind velocity for zone 3 is 125 kph.

In order to prevent concentrated loads and ensure even distribution of forces, individual bars within a bundle that terminate within the span of flexural members should terminate at different points with at least a 40db stagger. This stagger helps to distribute the load more evenly and prevents any potential weak points or excessive stress concentration that could compromise the structural integrity of the flexural members.

The minimum cover for cast in place concrete that is permanently exposed to weather is 75mm. This means that there should be a minimum of 75mm of concrete covering any reinforcement or structural elements in order to protect them from the effects of weathering. This additional thickness helps to prevent corrosion, cracking, and other forms of damage that can occur due to exposure to rain, snow, sunlight, and other weather conditions.

For highly-early strength concrete, it is important to maintain a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius and a moist condition for at least the first 3 days after placement. This is because the hydration process of concrete, which is responsible for its strength development, is highly dependent on temperature and moisture. By keeping the concrete at a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius and in a moist condition, it allows for optimal hydration and ensures the concrete reaches its desired strength quickly.

Bars larger than 36mm diameter shall not be bundled in beams because bundling larger bars can lead to congestion and inadequate concrete cover, which can compromise the structural integrity of the beams. Additionally, larger bars require more space for proper placement and consolidation of concrete, which may not be achievable when bundled. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid bundling larger bars in beams to ensure the safety and durability of the structure.

For a one-way slab, the minimum thickness using L/10 is different depending on the type of support. For simply supported and one end continuous slabs, the minimum thickness is L/10. However, for cantilever slabs, the minimum thickness is L/8. Therefore, the correct answer is cantilever.

The answer states that conduits, pipes, and sleeves should be made of uncoated or galvanized iron or steel that is not thinner than standard 40 steel pipe. They should have a nominal inside diameter no larger than 50mm and should be spaced not less than 3 diameters on centers. This means that the conduits, pipes, and sleeves should have a certain strength and thickness to replace the displaced concrete effectively, and they should be spaced at appropriate intervals for structural stability.

The minimum bend diameter refers to the smallest diameter that a bar can be bent without causing any damage or deformation. In this case, the minimum diameters used are 6 DB, which means that the bar can be bent to a diameter that is 6 times the bar diameter. The given answer of "10mm through 25mm" indicates that bars with sizes ranging from 10mm to 25mm can be bent to a minimum diameter of 6 times their respective diameters without any issues.

For 36mm and bounded bars, the appropriate size of lateral ties to be used is 12mm. This is because lateral ties are used to provide additional support and prevent the bars from buckling under lateral loads. The size of the lateral ties should be chosen based on the size and spacing of the bars they are intended to support. In this case, the 12mm size is deemed suitable for the 36mm bars and will effectively enhance their stability.

The minimum thickness of the cantilever for a beam or ribbed one-way slab is L/8. This means that the thickness of the cantilever should be one-eighth of the length of the cantilever. This is a standard requirement to ensure the structural integrity and stability of the cantilevered portion of the slab.

The minimum standard for conduits and pipes embedded in concrete slab, wall, and beam is 1/3 overall thickness. This means that the diameter of the conduit or pipe should be at least one-third of the thickness of the concrete in which it is embedded. This ensures proper support and stability for the conduits and pipes within the concrete structure.

The correct answer is L/24. In a one-way slab with one end continuous, the minimum thickness is determined by considering the deflection criteria. According to the deflection criteria, the maximum deflection should not exceed L/240 for normal loads and L/360 for live loads. Since one end of the slab is continuous, it experiences more restraint compared to the simply supported end. Therefore, to limit the deflection, the minimum thickness should be L/24.

The minimum cover for cast in place concrete refers to the amount of concrete cover required to protect the reinforcement bars from corrosion and provide adequate fire resistance. In this case, if 45 to 60mm diameter bars are used, the correct answer is 40mm. This means that the reinforcement bars should be covered with a minimum of 40mm of concrete in slabs, walls, and joists that are not exposed to weather or in contact with the ground. This cover helps to ensure the durability and structural integrity of the concrete elements.

The center to center spacing of pre-tensioning tendons at each end of a member should be a minimum of 5 times the diameter of the wire and 4 times the diameter of the strands. This ensures proper distribution of the tensioning forces and prevents any concentration of stress at the ends of the member.

The minimum concrete cover for bundled bars should be based on the equivalent diameter of the bundle, but it should not exceed 50mm. This means that the concrete cover should be sufficient to protect the bundled bars, but it should not be too thick to ensure proper bonding between the concrete and the bars. A cover greater than 50mm may result in inadequate protection and reduced bond strength.

The correct answer is L/20. In a one-way slab that is simply supported, the minimum thickness is determined by the span of the slab. The span is represented by L in the question. According to design codes and standards, the minimum thickness of a one-way slab is typically taken as L/20. This ensures that the slab has sufficient strength and stiffness to support the applied loads without excessive deflection or cracking.

The wind velocity for zone 1 in kph is 250.

The minimum bend diameter to be used for 16mm and smaller cables is 4 times the cable diameter (4db). This means that the cable should not be bent in a radius smaller than 4 times its own diameter to avoid damaging or compromising its performance.

The correct answer is L/21. In beam or ribbed one-way slabs, the minimum thickness of both end continuous is L/21. This means that the thickness of the slab should be equal to or greater than the span length divided by 21. This requirement ensures that the slab has enough strength and stiffness to support the loads and prevent excessive deflection.

The minimum bend diameter for bar sizes 20, 32, and 36 mm is 8 times the bar diameter. This means that the bar needs to be bent in a way that the radius of the bend is at least 8 times the diameter of the bar.

The minimum cover required for cast in place concrete that is not exposed to weather or in contact with the ground is 20mm when using a 36mm diameter bar or smaller. This means that there should be at least a 20mm distance between the surface of the concrete and the reinforcement bar. This cover is necessary to protect the reinforcement from corrosion and ensure the structural integrity of the concrete element.

For beam or ribbed one-way slab, the minimum thickness of a simply supported slab is L/16. This means that the thickness of the slab should be equal to the span length divided by 16. This is because a thinner slab may not be able to resist the bending and shear forces effectively, leading to structural failure. By using a thickness of L/16, the slab can adequately support the loads and provide the required strength and stability.

For beam or ribbed one-way slabs, the minimum thickness of one end continuous is L/18.5. This means that the thickness of the slab should be equal to or greater than the span length divided by 18.5. This requirement ensures that the slab has enough strength and stiffness to support the imposed loads and prevent excessive deflection. A thinner slab may not be able to adequately distribute the load and could result in structural failure or excessive sagging. Therefore, L/18.5 is the appropriate minimum thickness for one end continuous beam or ribbed one-way slabs.

In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement should not be spaced farther than 3 times the wall or slab thickness, nor farther than 450mm. This means that the reinforcement bars should be placed at a maximum distance of 3 times the thickness of the wall or slab, but not exceed a distance of 450mm. This ensures that the reinforcement is adequately distributed and provides sufficient strength and support to the structure.

The correct answer is 4%. In construction, when conduits and pipes are embedded in concrete columns, a minimum percentage of reinforcement is required to ensure structural integrity and prevent cracking or failure. This reinforcement percentage helps to distribute the load and stresses evenly throughout the column, enhancing its strength and durability. A higher percentage of reinforcement provides better reinforcement, but 4% is the minimum requirement for conduits and pipes embedded in concrete columns.

The minimum concrete cover for precast concrete exposed to earth or weather is 50mm. This means that there should be a minimum of 50mm of concrete covering the reinforcement in order to protect it from environmental factors such as moisture and corrosion. This requirement ensures the durability and longevity of the precast concrete members.

The minimum concrete cover for precast concrete wall panels that are exposed to earth or weather is 20mm when using smaller DB (diameter bar). This means that there should be at least 20mm of concrete covering the reinforcement bars in order to protect them from corrosion and other environmental factors. A smaller DB requires less concrete cover compared to larger diameter bars.