Star-atomic And Molecular Structure
- 1.
Which of the following ordered pairs of elements shows an increase in atomic number but a decrease in average atomic mass?- A.
Ag to Pd
- B.
Co to Ni
- C.
Cr to Mo
- D.
Ge to Sn
- 2.Why is cobalt (Co) placed before nickel (Ni) on the periodic table of the elements even though it has a higher average atomic mass than nickel?
- A.
Nickel has fewer electrons.
- B.
Cobalt was discovered first
- C.
Nickel has one more proton
- D.
Cobalt has a lower density.
- 3.Generally, how do atomic masses vary throughout the periodic table of the elements?
- A.
They increase from right to left and bottom to top.
- B.
They increase from left to right and top to bottom.
- C.
They increase from right to left and top to bottom.
- D.
They increase from left to right and bottom to top.
- 4.
.Iodine would have chemical properties most like
- A.
Tellurium (Te).
- B.
Chlorine (Cl).
- C.
Manganese (Mn).
- D.
Xenon (Xe).
- 5.Which of the following elements is classified as a metal?
- A.
Bromine
- B.
Helium
- C.
Sulfur
- D.
Lithium
- 6.
The chart below shows the relationship between the first ionization energy and the increase in atomic number. The letter on the chart for the alkali family of elements is
- A.
W
- B.
X
- C.
Y
- D.
Z
- 7.Which of the following atoms has the largest atomic radius?
- A.
Barium (Ba)
- B.
Chlorine (Cl)
- C.
Iodine (I)
- D.
Magnesium (Mg)
- 8.Which of the following atoms has six valence electrons?
- A.
Argon (Ar)
- B.
Magnesium (Mg)
- C.
Sulfur (S)
- D.
Silicon (Si)
- 9.Which statement bestdescribes the density of an atom’s nucleus?
- A.
The nucleus occupies very little of the atom’s volume and contains little of its mass.
- B.
The nucleus occupies very little of the atom’s volume but contains most of its mass.
- C.
The nucleus occupies most of the atom’s volume and contains most of its mass.
- D.
The nucleus occupies most of the atom’s volume but contains little of its mass.
- 10.
What information do the experimental results reveal about the nucleus of the gold atom?
- A.
The nucleus is small and is the densest part of the atom.
- B.
The nucleus contains less than half the mass of the atom.
- C.
The nucleus contains small positive and negative particles.
- D.
The nucleus is large and occupies most of the atom’s space.
- 11.Why are enormous amounts of energy required to separate a nucleus into its component protons and neutrons even though the protons in the nucleus repel each other?
- A.
The force of the protons repelling each other is small compared to the attraction of the neutrons to each other.
- B.
The electrostatic forces acting between other atoms lowers the force of repulsion of the protons.
- C.
The interactions between neutrons and electrons neutralize the repulsive forces between the protons.
- D.
The forces holding the nucleus together are much stronger than the repulsion between the protons.
- 12.The most abundant isotope of lead contains 82 protons and 124 neutrons packed closely together in the nucleus. Why do the protons stay together in the nucleus rather than fly apart?
- A.
Electrons in neighboring atoms neutralize repulsive forces between protons
- B.
Neutrons effectively block the protons and keep them far apart to prevent repulsion
- C.
Electrostatic forces between neutrons and protons hold the nucleus together
- D.
Nuclear forces overcome repulsive forces between protons in the nucleus
- 13.
Which equation correctly represents the alpha decay of polonium-214? A. B. C. D.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 14.A 2-cm-thick piece of cardboard placed over a radiation source would be most effective in protecting against which type of radiation?
- A.
Alpha
- B.
Beta
- C.
Gamma
- D.
X-ray
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