Government and Political Philosophers.

1. Rule of law is the idea that

No one is above the law (even the king)

The king has rule over everything and everyone

Citizens who are favored by the king are not subject to the rules

The same rules do not apply to everyone

Under rule of law, everyone is subject to the rules and laws of the land. No one, not even the top government officials, are above the law.

Explanation

Under rule of law, everyone is subject to the rules and laws of the land. No one, not even the top government officials, are above the law.

2. How did Thomas Hobbes view the state of nature?

Violent, brutish, inhumane, solitary

Dependable, reliable, positive, good

Gentle, peaceful, group

Hard and difficult but manageable

Hobbes held a negative view of people and did not believe they were capable of ruling themselves.

Explanation

Hobbes held a negative view of people and did not believe they were capable of ruling themselves.

3. Which of the following did the Magna Carta NOT establish

Rule of Law

Right to Bear Arms

Limited Government

Due Process

The Magna Carta introduced rule of law, limited government, and due process to check King John who was abusing power.

Explanation

The Magna Carta introduced rule of law, limited government, and due process to check King John who was abusing power.

4. No quartering troops and the end of martial law were key parts of the Petition of Rights

True

False

Charles I had implemented martial law after citizens rebelled against the unfair tax. Under martial law, he forced citizens to house (or quarter) troops in their homes.

Explanation

Charles I had implemented martial law after citizens rebelled against the unfair tax. Under martial law, he forced citizens to house (or quarter) troops in their homes.

5. John Locke's view of social contract theory was that people should give up all their freedoms to a single person for protection from invaders.

True

False

Hobbes felt as though people should give up their freedoms to one person while Locke thought people should give up limited freedoms to the government in return for protection of their natural rights

Explanation

Hobbes felt as though people should give up their freedoms to one person while Locke thought people should give up limited freedoms to the government in return for protection of their natural rights

6. The Petition of Rights established the idea of habeas corpus. What is habeas corpus?

The king can throw anyone in jail for no reason

People have the right to a lawyer

No cruel and unusual punishment

Citizens cannot be imprisoned without cause

The idea of habeas corpus states that the government cannot imprison a citizen without notifying them as to the reason why. Charles I had been jailing citizens for indefinite periods of time for not paying an illegal tax.

Explanation

The idea of habeas corpus states that the government cannot imprison a citizen without notifying them as to the reason why. Charles I had been jailing citizens for indefinite periods of time for not paying an illegal tax.

7. Locke believed in natural rights given to people at birth by God. Which of the following is NOT one of the natural rights listed by Locke

Life

Liberty

Pursuit of Happiness

Property

Locke believed in life, liberty, and property. Thomas Jefferson would change property to pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of Independence.

Explanation

Locke believed in life, liberty, and property. Thomas Jefferson would change property to pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of Independence.

8. Montesquieu believed in dividing authority in a government between different branches so no one person or body could gain too much power. What is this called?

Division of Authority

Checks and Balances

Separation of Powers

Social Contract

Separation of power was viewed as necessary to prevent a dictator or oligarchy from coming into power. This would have a major impact on the United States' government

Explanation

Separation of power was viewed as necessary to prevent a dictator or oligarchy from coming into power. This would have a major impact on the United States' government