SPRING BREAK '12 LE HW

1. The diagram below represents many species of plants and animals and their surroundings.

The diagram best represents

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biosphere

ecosystem refers to all the biotic (living) factors and abiotic (nonliving) factors in the same time and place.

Explanation

ecosystem refers to all the biotic (living) factors and abiotic (nonliving) factors in the same time and place.

2. Base your answers to this question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms.

Which species is most closely related to species L?

E

F

G

I

L and F are the closest to each other on the pathway.

Explanation

L and F are the closest to each other on the pathway.

3. Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.

There is an error in the DNA molecule in

Segment 1, only

Segment 3, only

Segments 2 and 3

Segments 2 and 4

remember that A goes with T and C goes with G

Explanation

remember that A goes with T and C goes with G

4. A laboratory technique is represented in the diagram below.

Which knowledge was needed to develop this technique?

Knowledge of sexual reproduction in plants

Knowledge of the structure of starch molecules

Knowledge of the development of embryos

Knowledge of the structure of a DNA molecule

Genetic engineering involves changing the genetic material (DNA) of one organism by mixing it with the DNA of another organism.

Explanation

Genetic engineering involves changing the genetic material (DNA) of one organism by mixing it with the DNA of another organism.

5. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that each contain

Genetic information from one parent

Genetic information from two parents

Less genetic information than either parent

A unique combination of genetic information

Asexual = mitosis. Mitosis = 1 cell becoming two IDENTICAL cells.

Explanation

Asexual = mitosis. Mitosis = 1 cell becoming two IDENTICAL cells.

6. After a fire destroys a forest, the area will most likely

Remain bare land indefinitely

Develop into a desert area

Develop into an entirely different type of forest after hundreds of years

Recover through gradual changes back to a point of long-term stability

Ecological succession determines what happens after a traumatic event in an ecosystem.

Explanation

Ecological succession determines what happens after a traumatic event in an ecosystem.

7. Sweating is a process that helps cool the body during strenuous exercise. This is an example of

Recycling of gases

Cellular respiration

Gene malfunction

Homeostasis

When you get too hot, you sweat. When you get tool cold, you shiver. This BALANCE is known as homeostasis.

Explanation

When you get too hot, you sweat. When you get tool cold, you shiver. This BALANCE is known as homeostasis.

8. The diagram below can be used to illustrate cellular changes.

Which group of terms below best completes the diagram?

A) atmospheric oxygenB) mutationsC) increased mitochondria

A) radiationB) cancerC) mutations

A) salt waterB) more cytoplasmC) two nuclei

A) less sunlightB) extra genesC) decreased mutation

REMEMBER: radiation causes CANCER

Explanation

REMEMBER: radiation causes CANCER

9. A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA in the

Zygote

Placenta

Testes of the father

Ovaries in the mother

AFTER fertilization equals ZYGOTE

Explanation

AFTER fertilization equals ZYGOTE

10. The diagram below represents part of a human reproductive system.

One of the functions of this part of the system is to

Supply essential nutrients to the offspring in the form of milk

Provide nutritional support for the embryo

Provide a structure that allows the mixing of maternal and fetal blood

Produce specialized proteins used in the production and release of sperm

The placenta forms in the uterus during the development of a fetus. The placenta provides nutrients for the developing baby.

Explanation

The placenta forms in the uterus during the development of a fetus. The placenta provides nutrients for the developing baby.

11. Which statement best describes a human chromosome?

It is made of amino acid subunits that form genes.

It contains genes that may code for the production of enzymes.

It is normally passed to the next generation through a placenta.

It varies in function from one generation to the next.

chromosomes contain genes, which are sections of DNA, that code for proteins.

(enzymes are made from proteins)

Explanation

chromosomes contain genes, which are sections of DNA, that code for proteins.

(enzymes are made from proteins)

12. Abnormalities present in the cells that line the uterus may prevent the production of offspring by directly interfering with the

Development of the embryo

Differentiation of gametes into zygotes

Secretion of estrogen by the ovary

Production and release of egg cells

The embryo develops in the uterus by attaching to the wall of the uterus.

Explanation

The embryo develops in the uterus by attaching to the wall of the uterus.

13. Which substance is an inorganic molecule?

Starch

DNA

Water

Fat

ORGANIC molecules contain carbon. Water is H2O; there is no carbon present. INorganic means NOT organic.

Explanation

ORGANIC molecules contain carbon. Water is H2O; there is no carbon present. INorganic means NOT organic.

14. Which consequence could most likely be associated with a decrease in biodiversity in an area?

More species would be better able to survive a major environmental change.

The ecosystems in the area would become more stable.

The amount of genetic information in the species of the area would increase.

Some sources of future foods or medications would be lost.

THREE of the options were good things. One OPTION is bad, because any time sources of medications is lost, it can decrease human life.

Explanation

THREE of the options were good things. One OPTION is bad, because any time sources of medications is lost, it can decrease human life.

15. The diagram below represents a woodpecker finch.

This bird may best be described as

A decomposer that most likely feeds on nectar (a sugary liquid) from flowers

A heterotroph that may eat insects and is more closely related to a robin than to an earthworm

A scavenger that feeds on animals and reproduces asexually

An autotroph that probes tree bark for insects and is pathogenic

heterotroph:
hetero (different)
troph (food)

Explanation

heterotroph:
hetero (different)
troph (food)

16. Which group below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?

Formation of egg: mitosisformation of sperm: mitosisgrowth of embryo: meiosis

Formation of egg: mitosisformation of sperm: meiosisgrowth of embryo: mitosis

Formation of egg: meiosisformation of sperm: mitosisgrowth of embryo: meiosis

Formation of egg: meiosisformation of sperm: meiosisgrowth of embryo: mitosis

Remember: MEIOSIS makes sperm and eggs and MITOSIS is for all other cells in your body, including the growth of an embryo.

Explanation

Remember: MEIOSIS makes sperm and eggs and MITOSIS is for all other cells in your body, including the growth of an embryo.

17. The drinking of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during this time

The lungs of the fetus become functional

Alcohol can easily enter the mouth of the fetus

Many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming

The fetus cannot excrete wastes

differentiation occurs during early pregnancy. While cells are differentiating (including organ formation), harmful substances can mess up that development.

Explanation

differentiation occurs during early pregnancy. While cells are differentiating (including organ formation), harmful substances can mess up that development.

18. If the same antibiotic is used too many times, it can become less effective against a certain type of bacteria. This observation is best explained by the

Presence of pathogens in antibiotics

Production of antibiotics by white blood cells

Replication of viruses that attack bacteria

Survival and reproduction of unaffected bacteria

REMEMBER: resistant bacteria SURVIVE

Explanation

REMEMBER: resistant bacteria SURVIVE

19. The cytoplasm in a cell carries out a function similar to a function of which human system?

Respiratory

Reproductive

Circulatory

Nervous

cytoplasm moves things around the cell, much like the circulatory system in a human.

Explanation

cytoplasm moves things around the cell, much like the circulatory system in a human.

20. The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant.

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in structure

A

B

C

D

Chloroplasts use the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Explanation

Chloroplasts use the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

21. Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

Ribosome–protein synthesis

Mitochondrion–movement

Vacuole–cell division

Nucleus–storage of nutrients

synthesis = make.

proteins are made in the ribosomes.

Explanation

synthesis = make.

proteins are made in the ribosomes.

22. The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is

An increase in matter, but no increase in the number of icicles

An interaction between the icicle and the environment

No way for the icicle to move away from heat

No metabolic activity present

REMEMBER: metabolic activity includes RESPIRATION (using glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP)

Explanation

REMEMBER: metabolic activity includes RESPIRATION (using glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP)

23. A population of animals is permanently split by a natural barrier into two separate populations in different environments. What will likely result after a long period of time?

The evolution of the two populations will be identical.

The production of variations will stop in the two populations.

The two populations will evolve into separate species.

Autotrophic nutrition will replace heterotrophic nutrition in the two populations.

Over time, random mutations and adaptations to the environment cause evolution to occur in a species.

Explanation

Over time, random mutations and adaptations to the environment cause evolution to occur in a species.

24. Specialized cells and organs are necessary in multicellular organisms because in these organisms

Fewer cells are in direct contact with the external environment

All cells are in direct contact with the external environment

A body type evolved that relied on fewer body cells

A body type evolved that required larger sized cells

only the cells out the outside (e.g., skin cells) are in contact with the external environment...in a human, we must have a method of circulating materials from the external environment to the internal environment.

Explanation

only the cells out the outside (e.g., skin cells) are in contact with the external environment...in a human, we must have a method of circulating materials from the external environment to the internal environment.

25. When changes occur in the genes of sex cells, these changes

Lead to mutations in the parent organism

Are always harmful to the offspring

Can be the basis for evolutionary change

Only affect asexually reproducing organisms

mutations in gametes (sperm and eggs) can be passed along to the offspring, which is the basis for evolution.

Explanation

mutations in gametes (sperm and eggs) can be passed along to the offspring, which is the basis for evolution.

26. Some human structures and their functions are listed below.

In a single-celled organism such as an ameba, all these functions can be performed by the

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

remember: membranes get things in and out

Explanation

remember: membranes get things in and out

27. DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned. This information shows that

DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer

It takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier

Precipitation helps to break down pesticides

The decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations

Chemicals that humans used 50 years ago can still affect the environment today.

Explanation

Chemicals that humans used 50 years ago can still affect the environment today.

28. Male stickleback fish with red undersides attack other male sticklebacks with red undersides and also attack models of fish with red undersides. Sticklebacks and fish models without red undersides are not attacked. Which is the best inference that can be drawn regarding this behavior?

A male stickleback will defend its territory against all other fish.

The stimulus for an attack is a model with red fins or a male stickleback.

The stimulus for an attack is a red underside.

Male sticklebacks turn red to attract females.

The red stickleback attacks other red sticklebacks as well as models if fish with red undersides.

Explanation

The red stickleback attacks other red sticklebacks as well as models if fish with red undersides.

29. Throughout the history of life on Earth, many processes have resulted in new traits in organisms. Which list shows some of these processes in order from the oldest to the most recently used?

Gene manipulation, natural selection, selective breeding

Natural selection, selective breeding, gene manipulation

Natural selection, gene manipulation, selective breeding

Selective breeding, gene manipulation, natural selection

NATURAL SELECTION: evolution of giraffe necks
SELECTIVE BREEDING: evolution of dog breeds
GENE MANIPULATION: making new species of organisms using technology.

Explanation

NATURAL SELECTION: evolution of giraffe necks
SELECTIVE BREEDING: evolution of dog breeds
GENE MANIPULATION: making new species of organisms using technology.

30. Which group would most likely have the greatest survival success during a long period of environ- mental changes?

A small population of rabbits living in a field of grass

A large population of red ants living in a forest

An endangered population of polar bears living near an iceberg

One species of bird that nests only in sugar maple trees

A large population of red ants living in a forest would most likely have the greatest survival success during a long period of environmental changes. This is because a large population provides genetic diversity, which increases the chances of some individuals having traits that are advantageous in the changing environment. Additionally, ants are known for their ability to adapt quickly to different conditions and their efficient social structure, which allows them to work together for the survival of the colony. The forest habitat also provides a diverse range of resources for the ants to thrive on.

Explanation

A large population of red ants living in a forest would most likely have the greatest survival success during a long period of environmental changes. This is because a large population provides genetic diversity, which increases the chances of some individuals having traits that are advantageous in the changing environment. Additionally, ants are known for their ability to adapt quickly to different conditions and their efficient social structure, which allows them to work together for the survival of the colony. The forest habitat also provides a diverse range of resources for the ants to thrive on.

Spring Break '12 Le Hw