1.
There are two recognize species of Leptospires. L.interrogans and L. biblexa. L.interrogans are _______.
2.
There are two recognize species of Leptospires. L.interrogans and L. biblexa. L.biblexa are _______.
3.
The ends of Leptospire have ________ rather than just tapering off.
4.
The motility of Leptospires are
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
5.
Leptospires cannot be readily stained but can be covered with ______ and then seen.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
6.
Unstained cells are only visible under
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
7.
Leptospires are ____ and can be grown on artifical media.
8.
Leptospires commonly used media is ______ medium.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
9.
Dogs, rats and other rodents are the principle animal reservoirs of Leptospires. The organism is excreted in the _______.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
10.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease usually associated with occupation exposure to animals or working with rats.
11.
Laboratory diagnosis of Leptospires using either Blood or CSF requires the urine to be _______ prior to inoculation on Fletcher's medium in the dark.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
12.
Borrelia is made up of several species of spirochetes, similar in morphology but different in pathogenic properties. Borrelia recurrentis causes _________.
13.
Borrelia is made up of several species of spirochetes, similar in morphology but different in pathogenic properties. Borrelia burgodorferi causes _________.
14.
All pathogenic borreliae are _______-borne.
15.
Borreliae are highly flexible and much more coiled than the Leptospires.
16.
Borrelia can be stained and seen under the ______ microscope.
17.
Borreliae are cultured using what medium?
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
18.
Ticke-borne B. recurrentis has ________ louse-borne infection.
19.
Involving Borrelia recurrentis spirochetemia is worse during febrile epsiodes and is _______ between recurrences.
20.
Borrelia recurrentis infection is accompanied by sudden high fever, rigors, headache, muscle pain and weakness; febrile period is ___ to _____ days and ends abruptly with thedevelopment of an immune response.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
21.
Borrelia recurrentis when it recurs several days to weeks later is less severe but similar in course.
22.
Relapes that occur in Borrelia recurrentis are caused by antigenic variation; ____________ are changed during the course of an infection which allows them to evade the host response.
23.
Borreliae are suseceptible to many antibiotic but ______ is drug of choice.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
24.
2 out of these 3 drugs are used to treat B. burgdorferi in early diagnosis.
25.
This drug is used to treat late stages of Borrelia burgdorferi.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D.