Spirochetes
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- 1.There are two recognize species of Leptospires. L.interrogans and L. biblexa. L.interrogans are _______.
- A.
Pathogenic
- B.
Saprophytic
- 2.There are two recognize species of Leptospires. L.interrogans and L. biblexa. L.biblexa are _______.
- A.
Pathogenic
- B.
Saprophytic
- 3.The ends of Leptospire have ________ rather than just tapering off.
- A.
Circle end
- B.
Hook
- C.
Balloon shape
- 4.The motility of Leptospires are
- A.
Slow and straight
- B.
Rapid and rotational
- C.
Rapid and straight
- D.
Slow and rotational
- 5.Leptospires cannot be readily stained but can be covered with ______ and then seen.
- A.
Platinum
- B.
Bronze
- C.
Gold
- D.
Silver
- 6.Unstained cells are only visible under
- A.
Brightfield
- B.
Darkfield
- C.
Phase contrast
- D.
Immunofluorescent
- 7.Leptospires are ____ and can be grown on artifical media.
- A.
Anaerobic
- B.
Aerobic
- 8.Leptospires commonly used media is ______ medium.
- A.
Mitchell's
- B.
Danny's
- C.
Randolph's
- D.
Fletcher's
- 9.Dogs, rats and other rodents are the principle animal reservoirs of Leptospires. The organism is excreted in the _______.
- A.
Blood
- B.
CSF
- C.
Urine
- D.
Stool
- 10.Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease usually associated with occupation exposure to animals or working with rats.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Laboratory diagnosis of Leptospires using either Blood or CSF requires the urine to be _______ prior to inoculation on Fletcher's medium in the dark.
- A.
Evaporated
- B.
Diluted
- C.
Sterilized
- D.
Concentrated
- 12.Borrelia is made up of several species of spirochetes, similar in morphology but different in pathogenic properties. Borrelia recurrentis causes _________.
- A.
Lyme disease
- B.
Relapsing fever
- 13.Borrelia is made up of several species of spirochetes, similar in morphology but different in pathogenic properties. Borrelia burgodorferi causes _________.
- A.
Lyme disease
- B.
Relapsing fever
- 14.All pathogenic borreliae are _______-borne.
- A.
Water
- B.
Air
- C.
Arthropod
- 15.Borreliae are highly flexible and much more coiled than the Leptospires.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.Borrelia can be stained and seen under the ______ microscope.
- A.
Phase-contrast
- B.
Brightfield
- C.
Darkfield
- 17.Borreliae are cultured using what medium?
- A.
Flecther medium
- B.
Randolph medium
- C.
Kelly medium
- D.
Danny medium
- 18.Ticke-borne B. recurrentis has ________ louse-borne infection.
- A.
Shorter
- B.
Longer
- 19.Involving Borrelia recurrentis spirochetemia is worse during febrile epsiodes and is _______ between recurrences.
- A.
More
- B.
Less
- 20.Borrelia recurrentis infection is accompanied by sudden high fever, rigors, headache, muscle pain and weakness; febrile period is ___ to _____ days and ends abruptly with thedevelopment of an immune response.
- A.
1 to 5
- B.
3 to 7
- C.
5 to 10
- D.
4 to 6
- 21.Borrelia recurrentis when it recurs several days to weeks later is less severe but similar in course.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.Relapes that occur in Borrelia recurrentis are caused by antigenic variation; ____________ are changed during the course of an infection which allows them to evade the host response.
- A.
Chromosomes
- B.
DNA
- C.
Surface antigens
- 23.Borreliae are suseceptible to many antibiotic but ______ is drug of choice.
- A.
Quinone
- B.
Tetracycline
- C.
Penicillin
- D.
Metrocylin
- 24.2 out of these 3 drugs are used to treat B. burgdorferi in early diagnosis.
- A.
Ceftriaxone
- B.
Doxycycline
- C.
Amoxicillin
- 25.This drug is used to treat late stages of Borrelia burgdorferi.
- A.
Tetracycline
- B.
Ceftriaxone
- C.
Doxycycline
- D.
Amoxicillin
- 26.Pathogenic treponemes are thin, spiral organisms. Spiral are regular with _____ to _____ spirals per organism.
- A.
5-10
- B.
9-20
- C.
1-2
- D.
4-14
- 27.Trepones are so thin and can be difficult to see on darkfield microscopy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 28.Endemic syphilis or bejel is caused by T. pallidum. It is transmitted by direct contact or sharing contaminated __________.
- A.
Water
- B.
Eating utensils
- C.
Food
- 29.Pinta is caused by T. carateum, found in tropical areas of Central and South America.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 30.Yaws is caused by T. pallidum ssp. pertinue.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 31.Yaws resembles what in the early stages?
- A.
HIV
- B.
Measles
- C.
Syphilis
- D.
Cancer
- E.
Chicken pox
- 32.Three nonveneral treponemal diseases occur in different geographic areas. All three have primary, secondary and tertiary stage but which one is uncommon?
- A.
Primary
- B.
Secondary
- C.
Tertiary
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