Sociology Exam 1
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- 1.Which of the following is not an important value for working class parents to teach their children?
- A.
Conformity
- B.
Good manners
- C.
Obedience to authority
- D.
Creativity
- 2.When asked on surveys, such as the GSS, to which class they belong, most US residents respond that they are either
- A.
Lower and working class
- B.
Working class or middle class
- C.
Lower class and middle class
- D.
Middle class or upper class
- 3.What explanation is NOT given by gender theorists for the invested interest of capitalists in maintaining the inequalities between men and women?
- A.
Unequal treatment enables owners of businesses to hire women at lower wages
- B.
Not paying women for housework allows employers to pay men less
- C.
Unequal treatment ensures that class consciousness between men and women will not develop
- D.
Male domination enables society to function more smoothly
- 4.Two conditions that contribute dramatically to the chances of a family becoming homeless are:
- A.
Low income and weak ties to kin
- B.
Divorce and drug addiction
- C.
Lack of education and numerous children
- D.
Joblessness and drug addiction
- 5.Today, most Americans view the family as a(n) ______________ institution.
- A.
Public
- B.
Private
- C.
Economic
- D.
Traditional
- 6.There were very few differences in family structure among African American, Hispanic, and Native American families.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.The ________________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of people that differ in language, religion, alphabet, and physical features.
- A.
Hispanics
- B.
Native Americans
- C.
African Americans
- D.
Asian Americans
- 8.The term "Hispanic" is considered useless by many because it
- A.
Refers specifically to Mexicans
- B.
Lumps together recent immigrants with citizens who have been in the US for generations
- C.
It only refers to darker-skinned poorly educated laborers
- D.
None of the above
- 9.The sharp distinctions between what men and women do in families found in the U.S. is unique compared with most societies.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.The primary family unit in Western nations is
- A.
The small, household based family of two adults
- B.
Nuclear family living in the vicinity of extended kin
- C.
The small, household based family of parents and children
- D.
The small, household based single parent living with their children
- 11.The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers
- A.
Were of pure Spanish descent
- B.
Were large landowners
- C.
Were farmers
- D.
Arranged their children's marriages with care and held elaborate celebratory ceremonies
- 12.The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s as a result of
- A.
The spread of schooling and decline in child deaths
- B.
Legal restrictions on how children were treated
- C.
Greater economic resources of parents
- D.
A growing population of elderly and therefore grandparents
- 13.The earning gap between men and women may be the consequence of
- A.
The passive, nurturing of women, which makes them less adaptable to the corporate world
- B.
Both a and c
- C.
Gendering as proposed by the interactionist theory
- D.
Capitalism
- 14.The decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the following phenomenon:
- A.
Cultural reasons that de-emphasize marriage and children as an important step to forming family
- B.
Increasing intermarriage between different ethnic groups
- C.
The lack of suitable marriage partners due to job loss, violence, or drugs among men
- D.
Most African American men marry white women
- 15.The concept of status group was introduced by the famous sociologist
- A.
Karl Marx
- B.
Andrew Cherlin
- C.
Max Weber
- D.
Anthony Giddings
- 16.The breadwinner-homemaker family is NOT preferred by most people.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 17.Status groups are mainly defined by the degree of education you have attained.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.Sociologists strive to be __________, or unaffected by their personal beliefs, when conducting their research.
- A.
Scientific
- B.
Neutral
- C.
Objective
- D.
All of the above
- 19.Societal gender differences can be influenced by the degree of power men have over women in a society.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Of the following, which is gendered?
- A.
Childcare
- B.
Work for wages
- C.
All of the above
- D.
Housework
- 21.Nagel (1996) claims that a good example of "ethnic renewal" where people of a mixed heritage were most likely to increasingly identify themselves of one distinct race would be
- A.
Black American
- B.
American Indian
- C.
Asian American
- D.
Hispanic American
- 22.Many couples who were married during the Great Depression stayed married because of economics, not necessarily because of happiness.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.It has been argued that the white masters destroyed social organization among African American slaves. As a result, slave family life was destroyed, with the only stable bond(s) remaining between:
- A.
Mothers and their children
- B.
Husbands and wives
- C.
Both a and b
- D.
Fathers and sons
- 24.Income inequality among US families has decreased in recent decades.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on __________ to __________.
- A.
Personal growth; service to others
- B.
Parenting; employee relationships
- C.
Personal relationships; obligations
- D.
Parenting; self-fulfillment
- 26.In sociological terms, gender is considered a _________ creation, while sex is considered a __________ creation.
- A.
Biological/social
- B.
Psychological/biological
- C.
Social/biological
- D.
Social/psychological
- 27.In prior American eras, women gained a certain social class position primarily through their husbands':
- A.
Family name
- B.
Educational level
- C.
Occupation
- D.
Income
- 28.In countries where socialism is practiced, women have gained substantially more power than women in countries whose economic and political systems are primarily capitalist.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 29.In 1967, the Supreme Court declared laws forbidding marriages between whites and nonwhites as unconstitutional, based on a case of a white man and his black wife who lived in
- A.
Georgia
- B.
Virginia
- C.
Mississippi
- D.
Texas
- 30.Grandparents play a more important role, on average, in the lives of black families than in white families.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 31.Gender theorists maintain that economic inequalities betwen men and women benefit capitalists because:
- A.
They allow families to save the profits they accrue
- B.
The unpaid work of housewives allows families to subsist on the modest wages men earn
- C.
They undermine the provider wage system
- D.
They support privacy of families
- 32.Family households in the US most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group.
- A.
Asian-American
- B.
Non-Hispanic White
- C.
African American
- D.
Hispanic
- 33.Families that made more than $25,000 a year were twice as likely to be married as families who made less than $15,000 a year.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 34.Each class socializes its children to fill the same positions as their parents have filled.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 35.Contrary to what they are considered today, children in colonial times were considered to be
- A.
Companions
- B.
Burdens
- C.
Economic liabilities
- D.
Economic assets
- 36.Considering the overall costs and benefits that have accompanied women's increased independence in US society over the past few decades, most Americans feel the balance has been positive and value women's independence.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 37.Conflict theorists in sociology would have a favorable view of the dynamics and structure of the 1950s family.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 38.At the turn of the 20th century, over half of all married women in the US were working outside the home.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.As marriage is transformed from instiution to companionship, it becomes stronger and more adaptable.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 40.American Indian children were less likely to experience physical punishment and more likely to enjoy independence than were European American children.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.According to the interactionist approach, gender differences between men and women exists primarily because of
- A.
Parental socialization
- B.
Everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions
- C.
Rigid social structures that reinforce gender appropriate behavior
- D.
Inherent differences present at birth
- 42.According to many conflict theorists in sociology, the primary reason that the 1950s family was not nearly as ideal as functionalist theorists suggest is that:
- A.
Children grew up spoiled and ungrateful
- B.
Men were too pressured to be the sole provider
- C.
Women could be dominated by men because of women's lack of economic resources
- D.
Women were unhappy
- 43.According to interactionist theory proponents such as West and Zimmerman, the way to change contemporary male and female differences in infant caretaking is to involve men equally with women in the early caretaking of their young.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.According to Fischer and Hout (2006), one of the major social developments of twentieth-century America was
- A.
The growth of higher education
- B.
The loss of manufacturing jobs
- C.
The increase in single parent families
- D.
Childbearing outside of marriage
- 45.According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was
- A.
Basically only found among African Americans
- B.
Dominant only in the aftermath of the Depression and WWII in 1950s
- C.
Always dominant in US history
- D.
Never dominant in US history
- 46.According the principles of postmodern perspective, women's interests in the family are the same as men's.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 47.A group of people who share a common style of life and often identify with each other is called a(n)
- A.
Cohort
- B.
Reference group
- C.
Class
- D.
Status group
- 48.A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to as:
- A.
Extended family
- B.
Polygyny
- C.
Conjugal family
- D.
Polyandry
- 49."Transnational mothers" are defined as mothers who
- A.
Stay at home with their children during tough times
- B.
Financially provide for their children from afar, believing it to be in their best interest
- C.
Are not biological mothers, but hired to assumed the role
- D.
Act as a foster mother for immigrant children to be adopted by American families
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