Sociology Exam 1

1. Many couples who were married during the Great Depression stayed married because of economics, not necessarily because of happiness.

True

False

2. Societal gender differences can be influenced by the degree of power men have over women in a society.

True

False

3. According to interactionist theory proponents such as West and Zimmerman, the way to change contemporary male and female differences in infant caretaking is to involve men equally with women in the early caretaking of their young.

True

False

4. Considering the overall costs and benefits that have accompanied women's increased independence in US society over the past few decades, most Americans feel the balance has been positive and value women's independence.

True

False

5. Grandparents play a more important role, on average, in the lives of black families than in white families.

True

False

6. At the turn of the 20th century, over half of all married women in the US were working outside the home.

True

False

7. Each class socializes its children to fill the same positions as their parents have filled.

True

False

8. Status groups are mainly defined by the degree of education you have attained.

True

False

9. Of the following, which is gendered?

Childcare

Work for wages

All of the above

Housework

10. Families that made more than $25,000 a year were twice as likely to be married as families who made less than $15,000 a year.

True

False

11. The breadwinner-homemaker family is NOT preferred by most people.

True

False

12. According to many conflict theorists in sociology, the primary reason that the 1950s family was not nearly as ideal as functionalist theorists suggest is that:

Children grew up spoiled and ungrateful

Men were too pressured to be the sole provider

Women could be dominated by men because of women's lack of economic resources

Women were unhappy

13. According the principles of postmodern perspective, women's interests in the family are the same as men's.

True

False

14. It has been argued that the white masters destroyed social organization among African American slaves. As a result, slave family life was destroyed, with the only stable bond(s) remaining between:

Mothers and their children

Husbands and wives

Both a and b

Fathers and sons

15. American Indian children were less likely to experience physical punishment and more likely to enjoy independence than were European American children.

True

False

16. A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to as:

Extended family

Polygyny

Conjugal family

Polyandry

17. When asked on surveys, such as the GSS, to which class they belong, most US residents respond that they are either

Lower and working class

Working class or middle class

Lower class and middle class

Middle class or upper class

18. In sociological terms, gender is considered a _ creation, while sex is considered a __ creation.

Biological/social

Psychological/biological

Social/biological

Social/psychological

19. Gender theorists maintain that economic inequalities betwen men and women benefit capitalists because:

They allow families to save the profits they accrue

The unpaid work of housewives allows families to subsist on the modest wages men earn

They undermine the provider wage system

They support privacy of families

20. Contrary to what they are considered today, children in colonial times were considered to be

Companions

Burdens

Economic liabilities

Economic assets

21. The primary family unit in Western nations is

The small, household based family of two adults

Nuclear family living in the vicinity of extended kin

The small, household based family of parents and children

The small, household based single parent living with their children

22. Income inequality among US families has decreased in recent decades.

True

False

23. The term "Hispanic" is considered useless by many because it

Refers specifically to Mexicans

Lumps together recent immigrants with citizens who have been in the US for generations

It only refers to darker-skinned poorly educated laborers

None of the above

24. The concept of status group was introduced by the famous sociologist

Karl Marx

Andrew Cherlin

Max Weber

Anthony Giddings

25. Today, most Americans view the family as a(n) ______________ institution.

Public

Private

Economic

Traditional

26. A group of people who share a common style of life and often identify with each other is called a(n)

Cohort

Reference group

Class

Status group

27. Which of the following is not an important value for working class parents to teach their children?

Conformity

Good manners

Obedience to authority

Creativity

28. The decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the following phenomenon:

Cultural reasons that de-emphasize marriage and children as an important step to forming family

Increasing intermarriage between different ethnic groups

The lack of suitable marriage partners due to job loss, violence, or drugs among men

Most African American men marry white women

29. According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was

Basically only found among African Americans

Dominant only in the aftermath of the Depression and WWII in 1950s

Always dominant in US history

Never dominant in US history

30. In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on to .

Personal growth; service to others

Parenting; employee relationships

Personal relationships; obligations

Parenting; self-fulfillment

31. "Transnational mothers" are defined as mothers who

Stay at home with their children during tough times

Financially provide for their children from afar, believing it to be in their best interest

Are not biological mothers, but hired to assumed the role

Act as a foster mother for immigrant children to be adopted by American families

32. There were very few differences in family structure among African American, Hispanic, and Native American families.

True

False

33. The sharp distinctions between what men and women do in families found in the U.S. is unique compared with most societies.

True

False

34. Conflict theorists in sociology would have a favorable view of the dynamics and structure of the 1950s family.

True

False

35. The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s as a result of

The spread of schooling and decline in child deaths

Legal restrictions on how children were treated

Greater economic resources of parents

A growing population of elderly and therefore grandparents

36. According to Fischer and Hout (2006), one of the major social developments of twentieth-century America was

The growth of higher education

The loss of manufacturing jobs

The increase in single parent families

Childbearing outside of marriage

37. The ________________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of people that differ in language, religion, alphabet, and physical features.

Hispanics

Native Americans

African Americans

Asian Americans

38. Sociologists strive to be __________, or unaffected by their personal beliefs, when conducting their research.

Scientific

Neutral

Objective

All of the above

39. In countries where socialism is practiced, women have gained substantially more power than women in countries whose economic and political systems are primarily capitalist.

True

False

40. According to the interactionist approach, gender differences between men and women exists primarily because of

Parental socialization

Everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions

Rigid social structures that reinforce gender appropriate behavior

Inherent differences present at birth

41. The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers

Were of pure Spanish descent

Were large landowners

Were farmers

Arranged their children's marriages with care and held elaborate celebratory ceremonies

42. Two conditions that contribute dramatically to the chances of a family becoming homeless are:

Low income and weak ties to kin

Divorce and drug addiction

Lack of education and numerous children

Joblessness and drug addiction

43. In 1967, the Supreme Court declared laws forbidding marriages between whites and nonwhites as unconstitutional, based on a case of a white man and his black wife who lived in

Georgia

Virginia

Mississippi

Texas

44. Family households in the US most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group.

Asian-American

Non-Hispanic White

African American

Hispanic

45. As marriage is transformed from instiution to companionship, it becomes stronger and more adaptable.

True

False

46. The earning gap between men and women may be the consequence of

The passive, nurturing of women, which makes them less adaptable to the corporate world

Both a and c

Gendering as proposed by the interactionist theory

Capitalism

47. In prior American eras, women gained a certain social class position primarily through their husbands':

Family name

Educational level

Occupation

Income

48. What explanation is NOT given by gender theorists for the invested interest of capitalists in maintaining the inequalities between men and women?

Unequal treatment enables owners of businesses to hire women at lower wages

Not paying women for housework allows employers to pay men less

Unequal treatment ensures that class consciousness between men and women will not develop

Male domination enables society to function more smoothly

49. Nagel (1996) claims that a good example of "ethnic renewal" where people of a mixed heritage were most likely to increasingly identify themselves of one distinct race would be

Black American

American Indian

Asian American

Hispanic American

Sociology Exam 1

1. Many couples who were married during the Great Depression stayed married because of economics, not necessarily because of happiness.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Societal gender differences can be influenced by the degree of power men have over women in a society.

3. According to interactionist theory proponents such as West and Zimmerman, the way to change contemporary male and female differences in infant caretaking is to involve men equally with women in the early caretaking of their young.

4. Considering the overall costs and benefits that have accompanied women's increased independence in US society over the past few decades, most Americans feel the balance has been positive and value women's independence.

5. Grandparents play a more important role, on average, in the lives of black families than in white families.

6. At the turn of the 20th century, over half of all married women in the US were working outside the home.

7. Each class socializes its children to fill the same positions as their parents have filled.

8. Status groups are mainly defined by the degree of education you have attained.

9. Of the following, which is gendered?

10. Families that made more than $25,000 a year were twice as likely to be married as families who made less than $15,000 a year.

11. The breadwinner-homemaker family is NOT preferred by most people.

12. According to many conflict theorists in sociology, the primary reason that the 1950s family was not nearly as ideal as functionalist theorists suggest is that:

13. According the principles of postmodern perspective, women's interests in the family are the same as men's.

14. It has been argued that the white masters destroyed social organization among African American slaves. As a result, slave family life was destroyed, with the only stable bond(s) remaining between:

15. American Indian children were less likely to experience physical punishment and more likely to enjoy independence than were European American children.

16. A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to as:

17. When asked on surveys, such as the GSS, to which class they belong, most US residents respond that they are either

18. In sociological terms, gender is considered a _________ creation, while sex is considered a __________ creation.

19. Gender theorists maintain that economic inequalities betwen men and women benefit capitalists because:

20. Contrary to what they are considered today, children in colonial times were considered to be

21. The primary family unit in Western nations is

22. Income inequality among US families has decreased in recent decades.

23. The term "Hispanic" is considered useless by many because it

24. The concept of status group was introduced by the famous sociologist

25. Today, most Americans view the family as a(n) ______________ institution.

26. A group of people who share a common style of life and often identify with each other is called a(n)

27. Which of the following is not an important value for working class parents to teach their children?

28. The decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the following phenomenon:

29. According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was

30. In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on __________ to __________.

31. "Transnational mothers" are defined as mothers who

32. There were very few differences in family structure among African American, Hispanic, and Native American families.

33. The sharp distinctions between what men and women do in families found in the U.S. is unique compared with most societies.

34. Conflict theorists in sociology would have a favorable view of the dynamics and structure of the 1950s family.

35. The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s as a result of

36. According to Fischer and Hout (2006), one of the major social developments of twentieth-century America was

37. The ________________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of people that differ in language, religion, alphabet, and physical features.

38. Sociologists strive to be __________, or unaffected by their personal beliefs, when conducting their research.

39. In countries where socialism is practiced, women have gained substantially more power than women in countries whose economic and political systems are primarily capitalist.

40. According to the interactionist approach, gender differences between men and women exists primarily because of

41. The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers

42. Two conditions that contribute dramatically to the chances of a family becoming homeless are:

43. In 1967, the Supreme Court declared laws forbidding marriages between whites and nonwhites as unconstitutional, based on a case of a white man and his black wife who lived in

44. Family households in the US most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group.

45. As marriage is transformed from instiution to companionship, it becomes stronger and more adaptable.

46. The earning gap between men and women may be the consequence of

47. In prior American eras, women gained a certain social class position primarily through their husbands':

48. What explanation is NOT given by gender theorists for the invested interest of capitalists in maintaining the inequalities between men and women?

49. Nagel (1996) claims that a good example of "ethnic renewal" where people of a mixed heritage were most likely to increasingly identify themselves of one distinct race would be

18. In sociological terms, gender is considered a _ creation, while sex is considered a __ creation.

30. In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on to .