Sociology 1st 9wks Exam

The correct answer is "a group of mutually interdependent people who share a common culture and feelings of unity." This answer accurately defines society as a collective of individuals who rely on each other and have a shared culture and sense of unity. In society, people interact and cooperate with one another, contributing to the functioning and development of the community as a whole.

The correct answer is "law" because it refers to a written rule enforced by the government. Laws are established to maintain order, protect individual rights, and regulate behavior within a society. They are backed by legal authorities and can be enforced through various means, such as fines or imprisonment. Laws play a crucial role in governing a community and ensuring justice and fairness for all its members.

Values are shared beliefs about what is good or bad. This means that values are not individual opinions, but rather commonly held beliefs within a group or society. They help guide individuals in making decisions and judgments about what is right or wrong, and what is important or unimportant. The statement is correct because values are indeed shared beliefs that influence our behavior and attitudes.

The correct answer is "things that are common to all cultures." This refers to the concept of cultural universals, which are elements, patterns, or traits that can be found in all societies around the world. Despite the diversity of cultures, there are certain aspects that are universally present, such as language, family structures, social norms, and basic needs like food and shelter. These cultural universals help to understand the similarities and commonalities across different societies and provide insights into the fundamental aspects of human existence.

Auguste Compte is commonly referred to as the "Father of Sociology" because he was the first to apply the scientific method to the study of society. He believed that society could be studied and understood in a similar way to the natural sciences, using observation, experimentation, and analysis. Compte's work laid the foundation for the development of sociology as a distinct academic discipline. While he did not start Social Darwinism or contribute to the development of communism, his contributions to sociology have had a lasting impact on the field.

Herbert Spencer is credited with starting Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism is a sociological theory that applies Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies. It suggests that societies and individuals compete for survival and that only the fittest will thrive. Spencer believed that this competition was necessary for progress and that government intervention should be limited, allowing for natural selection to determine the success or failure of individuals and societies. His ideas had a significant impact on the development of sociology and the understanding of social change.

The correct answer is extreme self-centerness. Narcissism refers to an excessive preoccupation with oneself, where an individual has an inflated sense of their own importance and a constant need for admiration. This trait is often characterized by a lack of empathy and a focus on personal achievements and desires. It is a psychological concept that describes individuals who prioritize their own needs and desires above others, often disregarding the feelings and well-being of those around them.

The term "culture" refers to all of the shared products of human groups. This includes the beliefs, values, behaviors, and artifacts that are passed down from one generation to another within a society. Culture encompasses everything from language and customs to technology and art. It is a comprehensive concept that encompasses the collective knowledge, practices, and expressions of a particular group of people.

The Functionless perspective of sociology refers to the belief that society is made up of various interconnected parts that function together to create a stable culture. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social cohesion and the interdependence of different social institutions. It suggests that each part of society has a specific role and contributes to the overall functioning and balance of the social system. Therefore, the statement "The Functionless perspective of sociology is defined as society being a set of parts that work together to produce a stable culture" is true.

Karl Marx is often referred to as the "Father of Communism" because he was one of the key figures in the development of communist theory. He co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" and wrote "Das Kapital," both of which laid out the principles and goals of communism. Marx believed that capitalism was inherently flawed and that a classless society could only be achieved through a revolution by the working class. His ideas on communism have had a significant impact on political and social movements around the world.

The correct answer is "First to apply scientific method to sociology." This is because Emile Derkine is known for his contribution to sociology by being the first to apply the scientific method to the study of society. He emphasized the importance of empirical research and data collection in understanding social phenomena, which laid the foundation for the development of sociology as a scientific discipline.

Max Weber is credited with starting "Verstehen." Verstehen is a sociological concept that emphasizes understanding social behavior from the perspective of those involved. It involves empathetically comprehending the meanings and motivations behind individuals' actions and behaviors. Weber believed that in order to fully understand and analyze social phenomena, it was essential to grasp the subjective interpretations and intentions of individuals. This approach has had a significant influence on the field of sociology and has shaped the way researchers study and interpret social interactions and institutions.

Success through hard work is considered a traditional American value because it reflects the belief in the American Dream and the idea that anyone can achieve success through their own efforts and determination. Hard work is seen as a virtue and is often associated with the idea of self-reliance and individualism. This value is deeply ingrained in American culture and is often celebrated and encouraged as a pathway to achieving personal and professional goals.

The correct answer is "belief that your culture is superior." Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency of individuals or groups to evaluate and judge other cultures based on the standards and values of their own culture. It involves a belief in the superiority of one's own culture and often leads to a biased and narrow-minded perspective towards other cultures.

The correct answer is "anything that stands for something else". This definition of a symbol encompasses the other options provided. Symbols can include shared products of human groups, such as cultural artifacts or traditions. They can also be tools, acts, or beliefs that are related to a particular situation or need. Additionally, symbols can be written rules enforced by the government, such as laws or regulations. Therefore, the answer "anything that stands for something else" is a comprehensive explanation of what a symbol is.

The given answer is "belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards". This refers to cultural relativism, which is the belief that cultural practices and beliefs should be understood and evaluated within the context of their own culture, rather than being judged by the standards of another culture. It emphasizes the importance of respecting and valuing cultural diversity, recognizing that different cultures have their own unique values, norms, and ways of life. This approach promotes understanding and tolerance towards cultural differences, rather than imposing one's own cultural standards onto others.

The correct answer is "sociologist throws out common sense and looks for hidden meaning behind human nature." This answer accurately describes the sociological perspective, which involves analyzing social behavior and institutions by examining the underlying meanings and motivations behind them, rather than relying on common sense or superficial explanations. Sociologists aim to uncover the deeper social forces that shape human behavior and society.

The correct answer is "study of people in human relationships." Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on the relationships between individuals and groups. It examines how societies are formed, how they function, and how they change over time. By studying human relationships, sociologists aim to understand the social structures, institutions, and processes that shape people's lives and behaviors within a society.

The statement is incorrect because values, technology, and diffusion are not examples of social institutions. Social institutions refer to established patterns of behavior and relationships that are accepted and followed by members of a society. Examples of social institutions include family, education, government, religion, and economy. Values, technology, and diffusion are important aspects of society, but they are not social institutions in themselves.

Personal achievement is considered a traditional American value because it is deeply rooted in the American Dream and the belief in individualism. In American society, personal achievement is highly valued and often seen as a measure of success and worth. The idea that individuals can work hard and achieve their goals is a fundamental aspect of American culture and has been celebrated throughout history. This value is reflected in various aspects of American life, including education, career advancement, and the pursuit of personal goals.

Ideology refers to a system of beliefs or ideas held by a social group. It encompasses the shared values, norms, and principles that guide the behavior and thinking of individuals within that group. It helps shape their worldview and influences their attitudes and actions. This term is commonly used in sociology to analyze and understand the dynamics of different social groups and their ideologies.

The statement "norms are a system of beliefs or ideas held by a social group" is incorrect. Norms refer to the shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a social group, rather than being solely based on beliefs or ideas.

A hammer is an example of a material culture because it is a physical object that is created and used by humans. It is also an example of a culture trait because it is a tool that is specific to certain cultures or societies and is passed down through generations as a part of their cultural practices. Therefore, the correct answer is A and B.

The conflict perspective in sociology is not defined as competition and conflict promoting social change. Instead, it focuses on the idea that society is characterized by inequality and power struggles between different social groups. It suggests that these conflicts and inequalities are inherent in social structures and can lead to social change, but it does not specifically state that competition and conflict promote social change. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The term "social culture" refers to the shared norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors that exist within a society. It encompasses the rules and expectations that guide individuals' behavior and interactions with others. Enforcing norms for society is a crucial aspect of social culture as it ensures that individuals adhere to the accepted standards and behaviors within their community. This helps to maintain social order, cohesion, and a sense of collective identity among members of the society.