Sociology Chapter 2 Quiz

2.

A tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging others is called:

Ethnocentrism.
Eurocentrism.
Ethno-relativism.
Cultural relativism.

Correct Answer

A. Ethnocentrism.

Explanation

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency of individuals to evaluate and judge other cultures based on the standards and values of their own culture. It involves viewing one's own group as superior and using it as a benchmark for evaluating others. This can lead to a biased and narrow perspective, as it fails to recognize and appreciate the diversity and uniqueness of other cultures. Ethnocentrism often results in misunderstandings, conflicts, and the perpetuation of stereotypes and prejudices.

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3.

A type of written gestures that help convey the feelings that go with words are called:

Body cues.
Emoticons.
Latent messages.
Dysfunctional discourse.

Correct Answer

A. Emoticons.

Explanation

Emoticons are a type of written gestures that help convey the feelings that go with words. They are commonly used in digital communication to express emotions or attitudes, and can be created using a combination of punctuation marks and letters. Emoticons provide a visual representation of emotions, allowing the reader to better understand the intended tone or mood of the message.

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4.

The author of your course textbook claims that language facilitates all of the following, except:

Cumulative human experience
Identical experience of apes and other animals.
Shared past.
Shared perspective.

Correct Answer

A. Identical experience of apes and other animals.

Explanation

Language facilitates cumulative human experience, shared past, and shared perspective. However, it does not facilitate identical experience of apes and other animals. Language is a unique human ability that allows us to communicate complex thoughts, emotions, and experiences. While animals may have their own forms of communication, they do not possess the same level of linguistic sophistication as humans. Therefore, language cannot facilitate identical experiences between humans and animals.

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5.

All of the following are true about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, except:

Their original assumptions were incorrect.
They studied the Hopi.
Their original assumptions were inaccurate.
Their hypothesis is still valid today.

Correct Answer

A. Their original assumptions were inaccurate.

Explanation

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that language influences the way people perceive and think about the world. It states that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape an individual's thoughts and behavior. The statement "Their original assumptions were inaccurate" is incorrect because the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has been revised and refined over time, rather than being deemed completely inaccurate. Therefore, the correct answer is "their original assumptions were incorrect."

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6.

The term cultural lag, which means that not all parts of a culture change at the same pace, was coined by sociologist ____________________.

Robert Merton
William Ogburn
Talcott Parsons
C. Wright Mills

Correct Answer

A. William Ogburn

Explanation

The term cultural lag refers to the idea that different aspects of a culture change at different speeds. This concept was coined by sociologist William Ogburn. Ogburn argued that technological advancements often outpace changes in social institutions and values, leading to social problems and conflicts. He believed that society needs time to adjust to new technologies and that this lag can create tension and social issues. Ogburn's work on cultural lag has been influential in understanding the dynamics of social change and the challenges it presents to societies.

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7.

The primary differing factor between tools and technology:

Can be equated to tools and the technology to use them.
Sets a framework for a group's nonmaterial culture.
Are minor modifications of existing technologies.
Has lead to workers compensation.

Correct Answer

A. Can be equated to tools and the technology to use them.

Explanation

The correct answer is "can be equated to tools and the technology to use them." This explanation suggests that the primary differing factor between tools and technology is that they can be seen as interconnected. Tools are physical objects that are used to perform specific tasks, while technology refers to the knowledge and techniques used to create and utilize those tools. In other words, tools are the physical manifestations of technology, and they go hand in hand in achieving a particular goal or purpose.

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8.

Which of the following groups is most likely to be classified as a counterculture?

Members of the NAACP
A group of survivalists living in Montana
A group of New York cab drivers
A group of students belonging to the Middle Eastern Student Association

Correct Answer

A. A group of survivalists living in Montana

Explanation

A counterculture is a group that rejects or opposes the dominant culture and its values. The group of survivalists living in Montana is most likely to be classified as a counterculture because they are intentionally living outside of mainstream society, rejecting modern conveniences and relying on self-sufficiency. This lifestyle choice goes against the norms and values of the dominant culture, making them a countercultural group. The other options, such as the NAACP, New York cab drivers, and Middle Eastern Student Association, may have their own unique identities and causes, but they do not necessarily oppose or reject the dominant culture in the same way that the survivalists do.

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9.

When we either follow or break norms, we see _____ in people's reactions.

Deviations
Norms
Values
Sanctions

Correct Answer

A. Sanctions

Explanation

When we either follow or break norms, we see sanctions in people's reactions. Sanctions refer to the penalties or consequences that individuals face when they deviate from established norms or values. These can be positive or negative, ranging from rewards and recognition for conforming to norms to punishment and criticism for violating them. Sanctions play a crucial role in maintaining social order and encouraging individuals to adhere to societal expectations.

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10.

According to the author, "one groups _ may be another group's __.

Gesture/folkway.
Folkways/mores
Law/taboo
Hero/villain.

Correct Answer

A. Folkways/mores

Explanation

The author suggests that what one group considers to be a gesture or an acceptable behavior may be seen as a folkway by another group. This implies that different cultures or societies have their own set of norms and customs, and what may be considered normal or appropriate in one group may be seen as unusual or inappropriate in another. The terms "folkways" and "mores" are used to describe different levels of societal norms, with folkways referring to the customary behaviors and practices of a group, and mores referring to the moral and ethical norms that are considered more serious and important.

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Sociology Chapter 2 Quiz

Beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world are examples of:

Quiz Preview

A tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging others is called:

A type of written gestures that help convey the feelings that go with words are called:

The author of your course textbook claims that language facilitates all of the following, except:

All of the following are true about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, except:

The term cultural lag, which means that not all parts of a culture change at the same pace, was coined by sociologist ____________________.

The primary differing factor between tools and technology:

Which of the following groups is most likely to be classified as a counterculture?

When we either follow or break norms, we see _____ in people's reactions.

According to the author, "one groups _ may be another group's __.

Sociology Chapter 2 Quiz

Beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world are examples of:

Quiz Preview

A tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging others is called:

A type of written gestures that help convey the feelings that go with words are called:

The author of your course textbook claims that language facilitates all of the following, except:

All of the following are true about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, except:

The term cultural lag, which means that not all parts of a culture change at the same pace, was coined by sociologist ____________________.

The primary differing factor between tools and technology:

Which of the following groups is most likely to be classified as a counterculture?

When we either follow or break norms, we see _____ in people's reactions.

According to the author, "one groups _____ may be another group's ______.

According to the author, "one groups _ may be another group's __.