Social Studies Chapter 7

The term "social class" refers to a group of people who share a similar position or status in society based on factors such as wealth, occupation, and education. This concept is used to categorize individuals into different social groups based on their social and economic standing. Therefore, "social class" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the group of people who share a similar position in society.

The correct answer is The Silk Road. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that connected China with the Mediterranean region, including Greece and Rome. It facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between the East and the West. The name "Silk Road" is derived from the lucrative trade in silk, which was one of the most sought-after commodities along the route. This trade network played a significant role in the development of ancient civilizations and promoted economic and cultural interactions between different regions.

The Mandate of Heaven was a belief in ancient China that the ruler's power was granted by the gods, and that they would lose this power if they ruled unjustly or failed to govern effectively. The Zhou Dynasty used this principle to justify their rule, claiming that they had been chosen by the gods to govern and that their authority was legitimate. This belief helped to maintain social order and stability, as it provided a moral basis for the ruler's power and allowed the people to accept their authority.

Acupuncture is a procedure that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on a person's body. It is believed to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities and promote physical and emotional well-being. By targeting these specific points, acupuncture can help to alleviate pain and discomfort. Therefore, the given correct answer, "Acupuncture," accurately describes the procedure mentioned in the question.

Qin Shihuangdi based his rule on Legalism. Legalism was a political philosophy that emphasized strict adherence to laws and regulations, and believed that a strong central government with a powerful ruler was necessary to maintain order and stability. Qin Shihuangdi implemented Legalism by centralizing power, standardizing laws, and enforcing harsh punishments. This philosophy allowed him to consolidate his rule and exert control over his empire, leading to the unification of China under his reign.

The head of the Chinese family is typically the oldest man. In Chinese culture, there is a strong emphasis on respect for elders and the patriarchal structure of the family. The oldest man is seen as the wisest and most experienced, and therefore assumes the role of the family leader. He is responsible for making important decisions, providing guidance, and ensuring the well-being of the family.

During the time when the Han Dynasty fell, China experienced a period of turmoil with widespread fighting and war. Buddhism became popular among the Chinese because it provided them with a way to cope with the fear and stress caused by the chaotic environment. Buddhism offered the Chinese people a means to seek inner peace and cleanse themselves of worldly desires, which resonated with their need for solace and stability during such turbulent times.

Laozi is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the founder of Daoism and "The Old Master." Daoism is a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao, which can be understood as the fundamental principle underlying everything in the universe. Laozi's teachings, compiled in the text called the Dao De Jing, have had a significant influence on Chinese culture and spirituality. Hanfeizi was a Legalist philosopher, Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, and Liu Bang was the founder of the Han dynasty in China.

A mandate is a formal order or command issued by an authority. It is a clear and authoritative instruction that must be followed or carried out. Unlike consent, which implies agreement or permission, a mandate is a directive that is obligatory and binding. Tenure refers to the period of time that someone holds a particular position or office, and it is not directly related to a formal order or command. Therefore, the correct answer is mandate.

The correct answer is Chang Jiang & Huang He. Chang Jiang, also known as the Yangtze River, is the longest river in China and plays a crucial role in the country's economy and transportation. Huang He, also known as the Yellow River, is the second-longest river in China and is often referred to as the cradle of Chinese civilization. These two rivers have significant cultural, economic, and historical importance in China.

Confucius taught that people should prioritize their family and community over their own desires. This is evident in his teachings on filial piety, which emphasized the importance of respecting and caring for one's parents and ancestors. Confucius believed that by fulfilling our obligations to our family and community, we contribute to the harmony and well-being of society as a whole. This emphasis on selflessness and social responsibility is a key aspect of Confucian philosophy.

Filial piety refers to the practice of children showing respect, obedience, and care towards their parents and older relatives. It is a cultural and moral concept that is particularly emphasized in Confucianism. Filial piety is considered a virtue and is seen as essential for maintaining harmonious family relationships and social order. It involves fulfilling duties and responsibilities towards parents, such as providing for their needs, obeying their wishes, and showing gratitude and reverence. This practice is highly valued in many Asian cultures and is seen as a fundamental aspect of moral and ethical behavior.

Farmers were primarily responsible for building the Great Wall of China. The construction of the wall spanned over several centuries and required a large workforce. Farmers were conscripted and forced to work on the wall during the off-season when their agricultural work was less demanding. They provided the labor needed to build and maintain the wall, contributing to its massive scale and impressive structure.

In Chinese society, merchants were ranked below farmers and aristocrats. This hierarchy was based on the traditional Confucian values that placed farmers at the top as they were seen as the backbone of society, providing essential food resources. Aristocrats were also highly respected due to their noble lineage and political power. Merchants, on the other hand, were considered lower in social status as their wealth was often acquired through trade and business, which was viewed as less honorable compared to the agricultural and political contributions of farmers and aristocrats.

The correct answer is "School of Law" because Legalism refers to a Chinese philosophy that emphasized strict adherence to laws and regulations. It was primarily concerned with maintaining social order and stability through the implementation of a strong legal system. Therefore, "School of Law" is an appropriate term to describe Legalism, as it highlights its focus on legal principles and practices.

Qin Shihuangdi was the first emperor of China and the founder of the Qin dynasty. The title "the First Qin Emperor" accurately reflects his historical significance and role as the initial ruler of the Qin dynasty. The other options, "the Initial Monarch," "the Former Ruler," and "the Primary Sovereign," do not capture the specific title and significance of Qin Shihuangdi as the first emperor of China.

Bureaucracy refers to a system of appointed officials who are responsible for running different parts of the government. These officials, known as bureaucrats, play a crucial role in implementing and enforcing policies and regulations. They ensure the smooth functioning of government departments and agencies by managing administrative tasks, making decisions, and overseeing operations. Bureaucracy is often associated with complex hierarchical structures, standardized procedures, and adherence to rules and regulations. It is a key feature of modern governance and helps in maintaining order, efficiency, and accountability within the government.

Censors were responsible for ensuring that government officials performed their duties effectively. They acted as watchdogs, monitoring the actions and behavior of officials to prevent corruption, negligence, or incompetence. Censors would conduct regular inspections, audits, and investigations to maintain accountability and transparency within the government. Their role was crucial in maintaining the integrity and efficiency of the government system.

Tenant farmers are people who paid rent to their landlord by giving them a portion of their crops. This means that they cultivated the land and harvested crops, and in return, they had to give a portion of their harvest to the landlord as rent. This system was common in agricultural societies where landowners would lease their land to tenant farmers who would work the land and pay rent in the form of crops.

Warlords were military leaders who had their own armies. They were known for their strong military prowess and often held significant power and influence over a certain region or territory. Unlike governors or bureaucrats who held administrative roles, warlords focused on military strategies and commanding their forces. They played a crucial role in shaping the political and military landscape of their time, often engaging in conflicts and power struggles with other warlords or rulers.

The correct answer is 1/10. This suggests that only a small portion of land in China is suitable for farming. This could be due to various factors such as the presence of fertile soil, access to water sources, and favorable climate conditions. The limited availability of arable land in China highlights the challenges faced in meeting the agricultural demands of its large population.

A pictograph is a type of symbol or picture that represents an object or idea. It is a visual representation that conveys meaning through simple images. Pictographs were commonly used in ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, to communicate information and tell stories. They are a form of writing that relies on pictures rather than letters or words. Therefore, a pictograph is the best answer to the question as it directly matches the given definition of a character that stands for an object.

Ideography is the correct answer because it refers to an idea formed from two or more pictographs joined together. Pictographs are visual symbols that represent words or concepts, and when they are combined, they create a new idea or meaning. Ideography is commonly used in languages like Chinese, where characters are composed of smaller pictographic elements. It is different from isography, which refers to the use of equal lines or strokes, and geography and orthography, which are unrelated to the formation of ideas from pictographs.

Liu Bang is the correct answer because he was the founder of the Han Dynasty. He was a peasant and military leader who overthrew the Qin Dynasty and established the Han Dynasty in 202 BC. Liu Bang ruled as Emperor Gaozu and his reign marked the beginning of a long and prosperous period in Chinese history. He implemented policies that aimed to restore stability and improve the lives of the people, and his reign laid the foundation for the cultural, political, and economic development of the Han Dynasty.

The correct answer is "A period of violence that made people look for ways to restore order." This explanation accurately describes the period of Warring States as a time characterized by violence, where different states in ancient China fought for supremacy. During this period, people sought ways to bring stability and restore order amidst the chaos and conflict.

Daoism promotes a peaceful society. Daoism, also known as Taoism, is a philosophy and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao, which can be translated as "the way" or "the path." It teaches individuals to embrace simplicity, balance, and non-action, and to let go of desires and attachments. By following these principles, Daoism promotes inner peace and harmony, which in turn can contribute to a peaceful society. Through its emphasis on living in accordance with the natural order of the universe, Daoism encourages individuals to cultivate a peaceful and harmonious relationship with themselves, others, and the world around them.

Wu Wang led a rebellion against the Shang Dynasty because they were cruel. This suggests that the Shang Dynasty was known for their oppressive and harsh rule, which prompted Wu Wang to rise up against them.

Hanfeizi believed that all humans were evil. He was a Chinese philosopher who believed that people were inherently selfish and driven by their own self-interests. According to Hanfeizi, humans were motivated by the desire for power, wealth, and personal gain, and would do anything to achieve their goals, even if it meant harming others. He believed that a strong and authoritarian government was necessary to control and regulate human behavior. Hanfeizi's philosophy, known as Legalism, had a significant influence on Chinese politics and governance during the Warring States period.

The Mandate of Heaven worked in two ways. Firstly, it allowed the people to overthrow a dishonest king, ensuring that the ruler was held accountable for their actions. Secondly, it expected the king to rule according to the Dao, which meant ruling in a way that pleased the gods. This ensured that the king maintained the favor of the gods and brought prosperity to the people.