Aapg Quiz: Shale Gas, Part 1 Of 5
Please read the article below to answer the ten questions.
Shale Gas: Applying Technology to Solve America's Energy Challenges: http://www. Netl. Doe. Gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/brochures/Sha le_Gas_March_2011. Pdf
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- 1.
Natural gas is made up primarily of:
- A.
Butane
- B.
Methane
- C.
Propane
- D.
Hydrogen
Correct Answer
B. MethaneExplanation
Page 1: Natural gas consists of a number of hydrocarbons, which include methane, ethane, and propane; however methane usually dominates. Impurities include hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and other gases. For more information: http://naturalgas.org/overview/background.aspRate this question:
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- 2.
Where are shale plays found?
- A.
Sedimentary Basins
- B.
Large Igneous Provinces
- C.
Metamorphic Provinces
- D.
All Of The Above
Correct Answer
A. Sedimentary BasinsExplanation
Page 2: Shale gas is found in shale "plays," which are shale formations within a sedimentary basin that contain significant accumulations of natural gas and that share similar geologic and geographic properties. For more information: http://geology.com/energy/shale-gas/Rate this question:
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- 3.
In what decade was hydraulic fracturing first used to stimulate oil and gas wells?
- A.
1920s
- B.
1930s
- C.
1940s
- D.
1950s
Correct Answer
C. 1940sExplanation
Page 3: The first hydraulic fracturing treatment was pumped in 1947 on a gas well operated by Pan American Petroleum Corporation in the Hugoton field. The Kelpper Well No. 1, located in Grant County, Kansas was a low productivity well. Since that first treatment in 1947, hydraulic fracturing has become a standard treatment for stimulating the productivity of oil and gas wells. For more information: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/pdfs/cbmstudy_attach_uic_append_a_doe_whitepaper.pdfRate this question:
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- 4.
Gas shales, tight sandstones, and coal seams constitute sources of
- A.
Conventional Oil
- B.
Unconventional Oil
- C.
Conventional Gas
- D.
Unconventional Gas
Correct Answer
D. Unconventional GasExplanation
Page 3: Unconventional gas refers to natural gas extracted from coalbeds (coalbed methane) and from low-permeability sandstone and shale formations (respectively, tight sands and gas shales). For more information: http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/unconventional_gas.htmlRate this question:
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- 5.
Shown in the following graph, in 2009 volumes of gas from which shale has leveled off?
- A.
Barnett
- B.
Fayetteville
- C.
Haynesville
- D.
Marcellus
Correct Answer
A. BarnettExplanation
Page 4: Barnett shale has leveled off while Fayetteville, Haynesville, and Marcellus shales are increasing production. For more information: http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/naturalgas.htmlRate this question:
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- 6.
The EIA (2011) projects that the shale gas share of U.S. natural gas production will continue to grow, reaching what percent of the total volume of gas produced in the United States by 2035?
- A.
14%
- B.
22%
- C.
28%
- D.
45%
Correct Answer
D. 45%Explanation
Page 4: Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are increasing production of shale gas in the U.S.projected to reach 45% by 2035. For more information: http://www.eia.gov/energy_in_brief/about_shale_gas.cfmRate this question:
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- 7.
When drilling for shale gas, what is the typical thickness of the shale formation?
- A.
Tens of feet thick
- B.
Hundreds of feet thick
- C.
Thousands of feet thick
- D.
Tens of thousands of feet thick
Correct Answer
B. Hundreds of feet thickExplanation
Page 5: The thickness of shale formations vary from tens to thousands of feet. Thus a typical formation would be hundreds of feet thick. For more information: http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/usshalegas/Rate this question:
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- 8.
Shale wells have up to how many fracture stages?
- A.
5
- B.
10
- C.
25
- D.
50
Correct Answer
C. 25Explanation
Page 5: The number of fracture stages in a shale gas well varies up to 25 stages. For more information: http://www.shalegaswiki.com/index.php/Hydraulic_fracturingRate this question:
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- 9.
Since the late 1970s-1990s, the U.S. Department of Energy and others made advances in:
- A.
Multi-stage Fracturing
- B.
Slick Water Fracturing
- C.
Horizontal Wells
- D.
All Of The Above
Correct Answer
D. All Of The AboveExplanation
Page 6: The U.S. Department of Energy and others made technical advances in horizontal drilling, multi-stage fracturing, and slick water fracturing during the late 1970s through the 1990s. For more information: http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/press/2011/11008-DOE_Shale_Gas_Research_Producing_R.htmlRate this question:
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- 10.
The following examples except one, are areas the U.S. Department of Energy in cooperation with others is investigating to help minimize the environmental impact of shale gas production. Select the exception below that is “not” an example of minimizing environmental impact.
- A.
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
- B.
Store fracture flowback water in unlined
- C.
Treat fracture flowback water so that it can be reused or disposed of easily
- D.
Identify “best practices” that can be used by both operators and regulatory agencies
Correct Answer
B. Store fracture flowback water in unlinedExplanation
Page 7: The U.S. Department of Energy and others are investigating ways to minimize the environmental impact of shale gas production. For more information: http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/naturalgas.htmlRate this question:
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