Schools Of Thought: Psychodynamic And Behaviourism
What is psychodynamic theory?
What is behaviourism?
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which school of thought currently guides psychology?
- A.
CBT
- B.
Behaviourism
- C.
Psychodynamic theory
- D.
Humanistic Approach
- E.
Not one of the above
Correct Answer
E. Not one of the aboveExplanation
The question is asking about the current school of thought that guides psychology, and the correct answer is "Not one of the above." This implies that none of the options provided (CBT, Behaviourism, Psychodynamic theory, Humanistic Approach) currently guide psychology. It suggests that there may be other schools of thought or approaches that are currently influencing the field of psychology.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The psychodynamic perspective does not emphasize the role of:
- A.
The unconscious mind
- B.
Early childhood experiences
- C.
Interpersonal relationships to explain human behaviour
- D.
The environment
Correct Answer
D. The environmentExplanation
The psychodynamic perspective focuses on the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships to explain human behavior. It believes that these factors shape and influence a person's thoughts, feelings, and actions. However, it does not emphasize the role of the environment in explaining human behavior. The environment refers to external factors such as social, cultural, and physical surroundings. While the environment can certainly impact behavior, the psychodynamic perspective places more emphasis on internal psychological processes and experiences.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The psychodynamic perspective does not propose that our actions reflect the associations of:
- A.
Unconscious
- B.
Thoughts
- C.
Wishes
- D.
Feelings
Correct Answer
A. UnconsciousExplanation
The psychodynamic perspective suggests that our actions are influenced by unconscious thoughts, wishes, and feelings. However, it does not propose that our actions reflect the associations of the unconscious. In other words, while the unconscious may influence our behavior, it does not directly manifest in our actions. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the unconscious mind and how it shapes our behavior and experiences.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The _________motivation in OCD to gain a feeling of control leads to _________behaviour which gives ________ feeling of control.
- A.
Unconscious, compulsive, temporary
- B.
Conscious, compulsive, temporary
- C.
Conscious, obsessive, temporary
- D.
Conscious, compulsive, permanent
Correct Answer
B. Conscious, compulsive, temporaryExplanation
The conscious motivation in OCD to gain a feeling of control leads to compulsive behavior which gives a temporary feeling of control. In OCD, individuals have intrusive thoughts or obsessions that cause anxiety and distress. They engage in compulsive behaviors as a way to alleviate this anxiety and gain a sense of control. However, this feeling of control is temporary and the cycle of obsessions and compulsions often continues.Rate this question:
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- 5.
According to the psychodynamic principle one of the dominant unconscious forces driving human behaviour is the:
- A.
Libido
- B.
Pleasure principle
- C.
Psyche
- D.
Drive to experience pain
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Pleasure principleExplanation
The psychodynamic principle suggests that the pleasure principle is one of the dominant unconscious forces driving human behavior. The pleasure principle refers to the instinctual seeking of pleasure and avoiding of pain in order to satisfy basic needs and desires. This principle is believed to influence and motivate human behavior, as individuals are driven to seek pleasure and gratification.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The Pleasure Principle is:
- A.
The constant drive to experience pain and avoid pleasure
- B.
The constant drive to experience pleasure alone
- C.
The constant drive to experience pleasure and avoid pain
- D.
The constant drive to always experience pleasure
Correct Answer
C. The constant drive to experience pleasure and avoid painExplanation
The Pleasure Principle refers to the constant drive within individuals to seek pleasure and avoid pain. It suggests that human behavior is motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of discomfort or negative experiences. This principle, proposed by Sigmund Freud, implies that individuals are instinctively driven to satisfy their desires and seek pleasurable experiences while minimizing or avoiding any form of pain or discomfort.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Psychodynamic clinicians DO NOT observe the patients:
- A.
Dreams
- B.
Fantasies
- C.
Posture and body language
- D.
Behaviour toward the therapist
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
Psychodynamic clinicians do observe the patients' dreams, fantasies, posture and body language, as well as their behavior toward the therapist. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above."Rate this question:
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- 8.
The psychodynamic perspective DOES NOT:
- A.
Say people reveal themselves in everything they do
- B.
Say that gathering all information available about the pt will help the clinician better understand unconcsious motivations
- C.
Rely heavily on clinical data
- D.
Never uses a case study approach
- E.
Believe people who repress negative thoughts have a greater propensity to dev disease
Correct Answer
D. Never uses a case study approachExplanation
The psychodynamic perspective does not rely heavily on clinical data or believe that people who repress negative thoughts have a greater propensity to develop disease. However, it does not mean that it never uses a case study approach.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes _______ and behaviourism focuses on the influence of _______ events.
- A.
Experience, internal
- B.
Internal, external
- C.
External, internal
- D.
Internal, experience
Correct Answer
B. Internal, externalExplanation
The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes internal factors, such as unconscious desires and conflicts, as the main influences on behavior. On the other hand, behaviorism focuses on the influence of external events, such as rewards and punishments, on behavior.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Behaviourists argue the external world shapes our behaviour via:
- A.
Rehearsal
- B.
Modelling
- C.
Learning
- D.
Study
- E.
Experience
Correct Answer
C. LearningExplanation
The correct answer is learning. Behaviourists believe that our behavior is shaped by our experiences and the learning that occurs as a result of those experiences. Through learning, individuals acquire new knowledge, skills, and behaviors by observing and imitating others, receiving reinforcement or punishment, and forming associations between stimuli and responses. Learning is seen as a continuous process that occurs through interactions with the external environment, rather than being determined solely by internal factors.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Behaviour is analogous to a reflex: a ______elicits a _____.
- A.
Response, stimulus
- B.
Change, response
- C.
Stimulus, change
- D.
Stimulus, response
- E.
Response, change
Correct Answer
D. Stimulus, responseExplanation
In this question, the analogy between behavior and reflex is being discussed. A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus, where the stimulus triggers a specific response. Similarly, behavior can also be seen as a response to a stimulus. Therefore, the correct answer is "stimulus, response".Rate this question:
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- 12.
The stimulus could be any object in the ______ environment or any _____ in the physiology of the animal and the ______ is the behaviour the animal produces.
- A.
Internal, change, response
- B.
External, change, response
- C.
Internal, response, change
- D.
External, response, change
Correct Answer
B. External, change, responseExplanation
The stimulus could be any object in the external environment or any change in the physiology of the animal and the response is the behavior the animal produces.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Equipotentiality applies to:
- A.
Behaviourism
- B.
Fundamentalism
- C.
Psychodynamic theory
- D.
Structuralism
- E.
Humanism
Correct Answer
A. BehaviourismExplanation
Equipotentiality refers to the idea that all stimuli have equal potential to elicit a response. In the context of behaviourism, this means that any stimulus can lead to a specific behavioral response, regardless of its specific characteristics or properties. This concept is central to the principles of behaviorism, which emphasize the importance of environmental factors in shaping and controlling behavior. Therefore, the correct answer is Behaviourism.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Learning or ______ is documented by observable change in behaviour.
- A.
Responding
- B.
Experiencing
- C.
Conditioning
- D.
Observing
- E.
Triggering
Correct Answer
C. ConditioningExplanation
Conditioning refers to the process of learning through repeated associations between stimuli and responses. It involves the modification of behavior based on the consequences that follow. In this context, the correct answer is conditioning because it accurately describes how learning is documented by observable changes in behavior. Through conditioning, individuals learn to respond to certain stimuli in specific ways, and these learned behaviors can be observed and documented.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Certain stimuli automatically trigger certain (typically physical) responses is the basis for:
- A.
Operant conditioning
- B.
Classical conditioning
- C.
Learning
- D.
Conditioning
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Classical conditioningExplanation
Classical conditioning is based on the concept that certain stimuli automatically trigger certain responses. This type of conditioning involves learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a natural response. Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the same response as the natural stimulus. This process is exemplified by Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, where the sound of a bell became associated with the presentation of food, causing the dogs to salivate at the sound of the bell alone.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Behaviourism is purely:
- A.
Experimental
- B.
Observational
- C.
Theoretical
- D.
Predictable
- E.
Controllable
Correct Answer
A. ExperimentalExplanation
Behaviourism is considered purely experimental because it focuses on observable behaviors and the effects of stimuli on those behaviors. It emphasizes the importance of conducting experiments to gather data and make predictions about behavior. This approach believes that behavior can be understood and explained through controlled experiments, where variables are manipulated and measured. Experimental methods are used to test theories and determine cause-and-effect relationships between stimuli and responses. Therefore, the correct answer is "Experimental."Rate this question:
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- 17.
In the Little Albert example, the white rat is the _____ whilst the frightening noise is the _____and Little Albert had a _____ to the rat.
- A.
CR, US, CR
- B.
UR, US, CR
- C.
CR, CS, CR
- D.
UR, CS, CR
Correct Answer
A. CR, US, CRExplanation
In the Little Albert example, the white rat is the conditioned stimulus (CS) as it initially did not elicit a fear response from Little Albert. The frightening noise is the unconditioned stimulus (US) as it naturally elicited a fear response from Little Albert. Little Albert had a conditioned response (CR) to the rat, as he began to fear the rat after it was repeatedly paired with the frightening noise.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Radical Behaviourism was dev by:
- A.
Watson
- B.
Skinner
- C.
Pavlov
- D.
Freud
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. SkinnerExplanation
Skinner is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the developer of Radical Behaviorism. Skinner's work focused on the study of observable behavior and the environmental factors that influence it. He emphasized the importance of reinforcement in shaping behavior and rejected the idea of studying internal mental processes. Skinner's theories and experiments had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continue to be influential today.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Skinner noted that beh can be controlled by 2 types of environmental consequences:
- A.
+ve reinf, punishers
- B.
-ve reinf, punishers
- C.
+ve and -ve reinf, punish
- D.
+ve and -ve reinf only
- E.
Only punishers
Correct Answer
C. +ve and -ve reinf, punishExplanation
Skinner observed that behavior can be influenced or controlled by two types of environmental consequences: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment. Positive reinforcement involves providing a reward or desirable consequence to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus or unpleasant consequence to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment involves providing an aversive consequence to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Therefore, the correct answer is that behavior can be controlled by positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Skinner wasn't studying learning, rather the gradual ______ of behaviour VIA re-inforcement.
- A.
Conditioning
- B.
Modelling
- C.
Shaping
- D.
Developing
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. ShapingExplanation
Skinner's focus was not on studying learning directly, but rather on the process of shaping behavior through reinforcement. Shaping refers to the gradual modification of behavior by reinforcing successive approximations towards a desired behavior. This involves reinforcing behaviors that are closer and closer to the desired behavior until the desired behavior is achieved. Skinner believed that behavior could be shaped through reinforcement, and this concept was central to his theories on behaviorism.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 16, 2010Quiz Created by
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