Ron's Phlebotomy Technician Review Book

Hematology is the study of blood, including its formation, diseases, and disorders. It involves the examination of blood cells, blood clotting mechanisms, and blood diseases such as leukemia and anemia. This field of study helps in diagnosing and treating various blood-related conditions. Hemotoxylin is a dye used in histology to stain cell nuclei, not specifically related to the study of blood. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen, but it does not encompass the entire study of blood. Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells, which is a specific process within the study of blood but does not cover the broader scope of hematological research.

Identifying the patient properly is the most important step to ensure accuracy in sample collection. This is crucial to avoid any mix-ups or errors in the collection process. It helps to ensure that the sample is collected from the correct patient, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis or incorrect treatment. Proper identification can be done through various means such as confirming the patient's name, date of birth, and unique identifiers like medical record numbers or identification bracelets. By accurately identifying the patient, healthcare professionals can maintain the integrity and reliability of the sample collection process.

The correct answer is the median cubital vein. This vein is commonly used for venipuncture because it is large and easy to access. It is located in the middle of the forearm and is usually visible and palpable. The median cubital vein is also less likely to roll or move during the procedure, making it a preferred choice for drawing blood or administering intravenous medications.

The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are part of the cardiovascular system. This system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and removing waste products. The heart pumps the blood, while the blood vessels transport it to various parts of the body. The lymphatic organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are also involved in the immune response and the circulation of lymph fluid. Therefore, the cardiovascular system is the correct answer.

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and have several distinct characteristics. Firstly, they have thin walls, which allows for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Secondly, capillaries form microscopic pathways throughout the body, ensuring that every cell is supplied with oxygen and nutrients. Lastly, capillaries connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins), allowing for the transport of deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Therefore, all of the given characteristics - having thin walls, forming microscopic pathways, and connecting arterioles with venules - are true for capillaries.

The liver, stomach, mouth, and pancreas are all organs involved in the process of digestion. They work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. Therefore, these organs are part of the digestive system.

Venules are the smallest veins in the human body. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are smaller than veins and connect the capillaries to the larger veins. They play a crucial role in the circulation of blood, allowing the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the capillaries and veins.

The suffix "-URIA" in medical terminology refers to the body location of urine. This suffix is commonly used to indicate the presence or involvement of urine in a medical condition or process. For example, hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, and polyuria refers to excessive urination. Therefore, the correct answer is urine.

Within the capillaries, blood cell functions include releasing oxygen, binding carbon dioxide, and eliminating waste. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body where the exchange of gases and nutrients occurs between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Oxygen is released from red blood cells in the capillaries and delivered to the tissues, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is bound to red blood cells and transported back to the lungs for elimination. Additionally, waste products are also eliminated through the capillaries, ensuring the proper functioning of the body's cells and organs.

The aorta, the largest artery in the body, branches into smaller divisions called arteries. These arteries further branch into even smaller divisions called arterioles. Arterioles are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the capillaries, where the exchange of nutrients and waste products occurs. Therefore, arterioles are the correct answer to the question.