Robinson Ush2 H Progressivism Test

As a result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire, the positive action taken was the improvement of safety conditions and the limiting of work hours for women. This tragedy, which occurred in 1911, claimed the lives of 146 garment workers, mostly young immigrant women. The fire highlighted the unsafe working conditions and lack of regulations in factories at the time. In response, there was a push for better safety measures, such as fire escapes and sprinkler systems, as well as regulations to limit the number of hours women could work. These changes aimed to protect the well-being and rights of female workers in the aftermath of the fire.

Wilson set out to reform the triple wall of privilege, which refers to the three main sources of economic power and inequality in the United States at the time. These were tariffs, which protected domestic industries from foreign competition but also raised prices for consumers; banks, which had significant control over the nation's finances and often acted in their own self-interest; and trusts, which were large corporations that dominated industries and stifled competition. Wilson aimed to dismantle these barriers and create a more fair and equal economic system.

The correct answer is socialists, social gospelers, women, and muckraking journalists. These groups played a significant role in the progressive movement by raising public awareness and concern about various social issues. Socialists advocated for economic and social reforms, while social gospelers focused on applying Christian principles to address social problems. Women, through suffrage and reform movements, fought for equal rights and social change. Muckraking journalists exposed corruption and injustices, bringing them to the public's attention. Together, these groups helped shape the progressive era and push for reforms in areas such as labor rights, women's suffrage, and social justice.

Upton Sinclair's muckraking novel, The Jungle, exposed the unsanitary and dangerous conditions in the meatpacking industry. As a result, public outcry led to the passing of the Meat Inspections Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. The Meat Inspections Act aimed to ensure that meat products were properly inspected and regulated, while the Pure Food and Drug Act aimed to prevent the sale of adulterated or misbranded food and drugs. These laws were significant in improving public health and safety standards in the food industry.

After the election of 1908, Taft was expected to continue and extend Teddy's progressive policies because Teddy Roosevelt was a popular president who had implemented various progressive reforms during his time in office. Taft, who was Roosevelt's handpicked successor, was seen as someone who would carry on these policies and further advance the progressive agenda. This expectation was based on the belief that Taft would be a continuation of Roosevelt's presidency and would maintain the momentum of progressive reforms.

In the election of 1914, Wilson won because Taft and Teddy split the former Republican vote. This means that the Republican party was divided between Taft and Teddy Roosevelt, which weakened their overall support. With the Republican vote split, Wilson was able to secure more votes and ultimately win the election. The division within the Republican party allowed Wilson's policies to be more popular with the public and gave him an advantage in the election.

Muckraking journalistic exposes targeted various industries and social issues to expose corruption and bring about reforms. The oil and railroad industries were among the targets as they were known for their monopolistic practices and unethical behavior. Urban politics and government were also targeted to uncover political corruption and expose the power struggles within city administrations. Child labor and "white slave" traffic in women were also subjects of muckraking exposes as they were major social issues that needed attention. However, the Army and Navy were not typically targeted by muckraking journalists as they focused more on domestic issues rather than military affairs.

The correct answer is urban middle-class people. This is because progressives were a movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for social and political reforms. They were mainly composed of educated individuals from the middle class who were concerned about issues such as workers' rights, women's suffrage, and social justice. They sought to address the problems of industrialization and urbanization, making urban middle-class people the most likely group to align with the progressive movement.

The political reforms sought by progressives included initiative and referendum, direct election of senators, and women's suffrage. Initiative and referendum allowed citizens to propose and vote on new laws, giving them more direct control over legislation. Direct election of senators aimed to make the Senate more accountable to the people, as previously senators were chosen by state legislatures. Women's suffrage was a movement to secure voting rights for women, giving them a voice in the democratic process. These reforms were part of the broader progressive agenda to increase citizen participation, fight corruption, and promote equality in American politics.

The New Nationalism movement advocated for a stronger president who could lead the government and society more efficiently. They believed that a strong leader would be able to implement necessary reforms to protect the rights and welfare of workers, women, and children. This aligns with the overall goals of the New Nationalism movement, which aimed to address social issues and promote progressive reforms. The other options mentioned, such as stronger antitrust legislation, a retreat from progressive reforms, and tariff reduction, do not directly support the main objectives of the New Nationalism movement.

In Jacob Riis' book "How the Other Half Lives," the term "the other half" refers to the urban poor. Riis focuses on the living conditions and struggles of the impoverished residents of New York City during the late 19th century. He sheds light on the overcrowded tenements, unsanitary conditions, and poverty that characterized their lives. By using the term "the other half," Riis emphasizes the stark contrast between the wealthy and privileged industrial magnates and the marginalized urban poor, highlighting the vast socioeconomic inequality of the time.

Roosevelt's progressivism made substantial headway in consumer and conservation legislation. Consumer legislation refers to laws and regulations that protect consumers' rights and ensure fair practices in the marketplace. Roosevelt advocated for laws that would prevent false advertising, improve product labeling, and promote food and drug safety. Conservation legislation, on the other hand, aimed to protect natural resources and preserve the environment. Roosevelt established national parks, created the United States Forest Service, and implemented policies to regulate logging and mining activities. These efforts reflected his commitment to both social and environmental reform.

Roosevelt ended the Pennsylvania Coal Strike by forcing mediation by threatening to use military force. This means that he used the threat of military intervention to push both labor and management to come to a settlement through mediation. By doing so, Roosevelt effectively resolved the strike and ensured that negotiations took place between the two parties.

Progressive Republicans grew disillusioned with Taft over the issues of trust busting, tariffs, and conservation. This is because they believed that Taft was not aggressive enough in enforcing antitrust laws and breaking up monopolies, which was a key issue for progressives. Additionally, they were disappointed with his support for high tariffs, which they believed protected big businesses at the expense of consumers. Finally, Taft's conservation policies were seen as weak and insufficient by progressives who wanted stronger measures to protect natural resources and the environment.

Wilson effectively reformed the banking and financial system by establishing a publicly controlled Federal Reserve Board with regional banks under the bankers' control. This means that the Federal Reserve Board, which is responsible for regulating the country's monetary policy and financial system, was established as a public entity. However, the regional banks that make up the Federal Reserve System were under the control of private bankers. This allowed for a balance between public oversight and private expertise in managing the country's banking and financial system.

Wilson's progressive measures aided women, children, and farmers, but they did not benefit blacks. During Wilson's presidency, he implemented several progressive policies such as the Federal Reserve Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act, which aimed to regulate the economy and protect consumers. However, Wilson was also known for his segregationist beliefs and policies, including the segregation of federal workplaces and the endorsement of discriminatory practices. These actions clearly demonstrate that Wilson's progressive measures did not aid blacks, making them the exception among the listed groups.

The Roosevelt-backed Elkins Act and Hepburn Act were aimed at more effective regulation of the railroad industry. These acts were passed in order to address the issues of unfair practices and abuses by the railroad companies, such as discriminatory pricing and rebates. The Elkins Act prohibited the acceptance of rebates by shippers and the Hepburn Act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates. These acts aimed to ensure fair competition, prevent monopolies, and protect the interests of both consumers and smaller businesses.

During Wilson's administration, Congress used the authority granted by the 16th amendment to pass federal income tax. The 16th amendment, ratified in 1913, gave Congress the power to levy income taxes without apportioning them among the states. This allowed the federal government to impose taxes on individuals' income, which was seen as a way to generate revenue and fund government programs. The passing of the federal income tax during Wilson's administration marked a significant shift in the government's ability to collect taxes and fund its operations.

The progressive movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries aimed to address social and economic issues through government intervention and reform. Advocates of the movement believed that the government should play a more active role in improving society and protecting the rights of individuals. They sought to implement policies that would lead to social betterment, such as regulating business practices, improving working conditions, and expanding social welfare programs. By strengthening the government's power and influence, they hoped to create a more equitable and just society.

During La Follette's time, the Wisconsin Idea aimed to implement various reforms for the betterment of the state. This included the establishment of industrial commissions to regulate and oversee industries, the improvement of education to ensure a well-educated citizenry, the implementation of public utility controls to ensure fair and efficient services, and the reduction of railroad rates to promote economic growth and accessibility. These measures were part of La Follette's broader agenda to address social and economic issues, promote progressive policies, and ensure the welfare of the people of Wisconsin.

The correct answer is Wisconsin/Oregon/California. These states were among the first to experience a significant rise in progressive influence. Wisconsin, under the leadership of Governor Robert La Follette, implemented progressive reforms such as direct primary elections and workers' compensation. Oregon, led by Governor Tom McCall, implemented progressive policies such as environmental protection and land-use planning. California, with Governor Hiram Johnson, enacted progressive measures such as direct democracy and regulation of big business. These states served as early examples of progressive governance and paved the way for similar reforms in other parts of the country.

The correct answer is to pursue a middle ground to curb corporate/labor issues. This means that Teddy believes that the government should not completely side with either labor or corporate interests, but instead work towards finding a balance that addresses the concerns and issues of both parties. This approach aims to ensure fair treatment and protection for both workers and businesses, without favoring one over the other.

In the case of Lochner v New York, the Supreme Court ruled that New York's law establishing a 10-hour workday for bakeries was unconstitutional. This setback for progressives occurred because the Court believed that the law violated the liberty of contract, which was protected under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court argued that individuals should have the freedom to negotiate their own working hours without government interference. This ruling undermined the progressive goal of improving labor conditions and protecting workers' rights.

Wilson could be described as moralistic and prone to self-righteousness because these traits suggest that he has a strong sense of right and wrong and often judges others based on his own moral standards. He may have a tendency to believe that his own beliefs and actions are superior to others', leading to a self-righteous attitude. This description implies that Wilson may be rigid in his beliefs and less open to compromise or understanding different perspectives.

Wilson's primary weakness as a politician was his tendency to be inflexible and refuse to cooperate. This characteristic hindered his ability to effectively negotiate and compromise with others, which is crucial in politics. It resulted in a lack of progress and difficulty in implementing his policies and agendas. By being inflexible and unwilling to cooperate, Wilson may have alienated potential allies and hindered his ability to build consensus and garner support for his initiatives. This weakness ultimately limited his effectiveness as a politician.

The middle-class Protestant demographic was most likely to be in favor of prohibition. This is because during the Prohibition era, many middle-class Protestants believed that alcohol consumption led to social problems such as crime, poverty, and domestic violence. They saw prohibition as a way to promote moral values and improve society. Working-class Catholics, German Lutherans, and urban Jews, on the other hand, were less likely to support prohibition due to cultural or religious reasons, or because they did not believe in the effectiveness of banning alcohol.

Taft using his control of the party to deny Teddy the nomination can be a valid explanation for Teddy deciding to break with the Republicans. This suggests that Teddy felt betrayed and undermined by Taft's actions, leading him to believe that he would have a better chance as a third party candidate. It implies that Teddy's decision was influenced by his dissatisfaction with the party's internal dynamics and his desire for a fair chance at the nomination.

The correct answer suggests that Teddy's attitude towards trusts was that while some controls were necessary, he believed that large scale industrial growth and production were natural and beneficial. This implies that Teddy recognized the importance of regulating trusts to prevent abuses and exploitation, but also acknowledged the positive impact of trusts on industrial growth and production.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union's efforts at prohibition/other social reforms allowed women to fuse public concerns with moral guardianship. This means that the organization's actions helped women to combine their worries about societal issues with their role as moral protectors. By advocating for prohibition and other social reforms, the Women's Christian Temperance Union aimed to promote a morally upright society, and in doing so, women were able to assert their influence and play a significant role in shaping public opinion and policy.

Hull House Settlement was a community established by college-educated women who aimed to address the challenges faced by individuals living in urban areas. These women worked towards solving various issues related to modern urban life, such as poverty, education, healthcare, and social inequality. They provided support and resources to immigrants and other marginalized communities, helping them navigate and improve their lives in the city. Through their efforts, they sought to bring about positive changes in the urban environment and create a more equitable society.

The correct answer suggests that the result of the Payne-Aldrich Act was the alienation of progressive Republicans from Taft and their shift of support towards Teddy Roosevelt. This implies that the Act, which was intended to reduce tariffs, did not align with the progressive Republicans' agenda and caused a rift within the party.

The correct answer is the Federal Trade Commission. The Federal Trade Commission was created by Wilson's administration in 1914 to regulate and enforce laws against unfair business practices, including false advertising and consumer fraud. It was established to promote fair competition and protect consumers from deceptive and anti-competitive practices in the marketplace. The agency has the authority to investigate and take legal action against companies that engage in unfair or deceptive trade practices, ensuring that consumers are not misled or harmed by dishonest business practices.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the progressives believed in the potential of humans to bring about positive change and create a better world. They were optimistic about the ability of individuals to improve society through their actions and initiatives. This belief in human capacity drove their advocacy for various social and political reforms, as they saw these reforms as necessary steps towards achieving a better and more equitable society.

The correct answer is that the Hepburn Act broadened the jurisdiction and increased the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) allowing it to establish maximum railroad rates. This means that the ICC was given the authority to regulate and set limits on the rates that railroad companies could charge for their services. This was a significant expansion of the ICC's power and was aimed at preventing railroad companies from engaging in unfair pricing practices and abusing their monopolistic position in the industry.

The Clayton Antitrust Act exempted agricultural and labor organizations from antitrust prosecution. This means that these organizations were not subject to the laws that prohibited monopolies and unfair business practices. The exemption was likely granted because these organizations were seen as essential for the well-being of workers and the overall economy. By exempting them from antitrust laws, the act aimed to protect the rights and interests of workers and ensure fair labor practices.