Respiratory System Anatomy: MCQ Quiz!

The voice box is called the larynx. It is a part of the respiratory system located in the throat. The larynx contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them. It plays a crucial role in speech and phonation.

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi, allowing air to pass into and out of the lungs. It is an essential part of the respiratory system, providing a pathway for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing.

Expiration refers to the process of air moving out of the lungs during exhalation. It is the opposite of inspiration, which is the process of air moving into the lungs during inhalation. During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease. This decrease in volume increases the pressure in the lungs, forcing air out through the nose or mouth. Expiration is a vital process that helps to remove waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from the body.

The larynx is indeed a short passage that connects the pharynx (throat) with the trachea (windpipe). It is located in the neck and plays a crucial role in the production of sound and the protection of the airway during swallowing.

The correct order of the three sections of the pharynx is nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx is located behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate. The oropharynx is located behind the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis. The laryngopharynx is the lowest part of the pharynx and extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus.

The epiglottis acts as a protective barrier by covering the opening of the trachea when we swallow, guiding food and fluids down the esophagus and into the stomach.

The nasal cavity is divided into the right and left sides, lined with mucous membranes, and has tiny hair-like structures called cilia. These cilia help in filtering, moistening, and heating the air as it travels to the lungs. Therefore, all of the above statements are correct.

The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes. This is a characteristic anatomical difference between the two lungs.

The pulmonary capillaries are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the capillaries, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells to be transported to the body's tissues. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, is released from the tissues into the capillaries. It then diffuses out of the capillaries and into the alveoli of the lungs to be exhaled. Therefore, the correct answer is "oxygen, carbon dioxide."

Inspiration is the correct answer because it refers to the process of inhaling or taking in air into the lungs. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest cavity to expand and creating a pressure gradient that allows air to flow into the lungs. This is an essential part of the respiratory cycle and is necessary for oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body.

The serous membrane known as the pleura is divided into two linings. The innermost membrane is known as the visceral pleura.

The visceral membrane lines the lungs. It is a thin layer of tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs, providing protection and allowing for smooth movement during breathing. This membrane is part of the pleura, a double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and helps to maintain their shape and position within the chest cavity.

The space between the left and right lung is called the mediastinum. This is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural cavities. It contains the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and other structures. The mediastinum provides support and protection to these vital organs and allows for their proper functioning.

The pharynx regionally divides into three segments, arranged from top to bottom: the nasal pharynx, situated behind the posterior nasal apertures (choanae); the oral pharynx, positioned behind the opening of the oral cavity; and the laryngeal pharynx, found behind the inlet (opening) of the larynx.

The transportation of respiratory gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) through the body by blood is done by the circulatory system. The circulatory system, which includes the heart and blood vessels, plays a vital role in carrying oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity. These muscles help elevate and lower the rib cage, allowing for inhalation and exhalation. 

The pharynx is commonly referred to as the throat. It is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and larynx. The throat plays a vital role in the respiratory and digestive systems, as it serves as a passage for air, food, and liquids. Additionally, it is involved in producing sound and is responsible for housing the vocal cords. While the windpipe (trachea) and voice box (larynx) are also located in the throat, they are specific structures within the larger anatomical region known as the throat.

The nasopharynx is a part of the throat located behind the nose. It contains lymphatic tissue, which plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies and filtering out harmful substances. Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are a type of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because all the options mentioned (lymphatic tissue, adenoids, and pharyngeal tonsils) are present in the nasopharynx.

Respiration refers to the overall process of oxygen intake from the air and its transportation to body cells for metabolic processes, while carbon dioxide and water, the waste products generated by cells, are released back into the environment. Ventilation refers to the mechanical process of inhaling and exhaling air, inspiration refers specifically to the act of inhaling, and expiration refers to the act of exhaling. Therefore, respiration encompasses all of these processes and is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Lateral Oropharynx. The tonsils, also known as the Palatine tonsils, are located in the oropharynx. The oropharynx is the middle part of the pharynx, which is the throat area behind the mouth. It is responsible for conducting both air and food, and it plays a role in the digestive and respiratory systems. The tonsils are part of the immune system and help to fight off infections that enter the body through the mouth and nose.

The diaphragm is a large muscular partition that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. It plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing to create changes in the volume of the thoracic cavity. This movement allows for the expansion and contraction of the lungs, enabling inhalation and exhalation. Additionally, the diaphragm also contributes to other bodily functions such as aiding in digestion and supporting the organs in the abdominal cavity.

The serous membrane known as the pleura is divided into two linings. The outermost membrane is known as the parietal pleura.

Internal respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue cells and blood in systemic capillaries. This process occurs within the body, specifically in the tissues and cells, where oxygen is delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide is removed from them. It is an essential process for maintaining cellular metabolism and ensuring the proper functioning of organs and systems.

Air enters the trachea and then moves into the bronchi, which are the main airways that lead into the lungs. From the bronchi, the air moves into smaller airways called bronchioles. After the bronchioles, the air reaches the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Finally, the air moves into the pulmonary capillaries, which are small blood vessels surrounding the alveoli, where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released.

The parietal pleura is the outermost layer of the pleura, a thin membrane that lines the thoracic cavity. It covers the walls of the thoracic cavity and is responsible for protecting the organs within it. The thoracic cavity houses important structures such as the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. The parietal pleura provides lubrication and allows for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. Therefore, the correct answer is the thoracic cavity.

When the diaphragm relaxes, it slowly re-enters the thoracic cavity. This movement increases the pressure within the chest, which in turn expels air.

The correct term is Breathing/Ventilation. This refers to the large involuntary movement of air into and out of the lungs, involving inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).

When the diaphragm contracts, it partially descends into the abdominal cavity. This movement creates more space in the thoracic cavity, causing a decrease in pressure. As a result, air is drawn into the lungs to equalize the pressure.

The mediastinum is a central compartment in the chest that contains various structures. These structures include the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi. The heart is located in the mediastinum and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The aorta, the largest artery in the body, also passes through the mediastinum. The esophagus, which carries food from the mouth to the stomach, and the bronchi, which are the main airways of the lungs, are also found in the mediastinum. Therefore, all of the given options are correct as they accurately describe structures that are present in the mediastinum.