RCDD Chapter 15 Building Automation Systems (Non-core Areas)

CCTV stands for Closed Circuit Television, which is used in conjunction with security systems to generate video signals, control and transmit/display video signals, and real-time storing of video signals/alarm events. CCTV allows for the monitoring and surveillance of a specific area or premises, providing a visual record of activities and events. It is commonly used in various settings such as homes, businesses, and public spaces to enhance security and deter criminal activities.

The building or facilities manager typically manages the BAS. This is because the BAS is responsible for controlling and monitoring various systems within a building, such as HVAC, lighting, and security. The building or facilities manager is responsible for overseeing the operations and maintenance of the building, making them the most suitable person to manage the BAS and ensure its proper functioning.

The correct answer is "All of the above." A traditional CCTV system includes cameras for capturing video footage, a pan/tilt/zoom control system for adjusting the camera's position, a multiplexer and monitors for viewing multiple camera feeds simultaneously, and either a digital or videocassette recorder (VCR) equipment for storing and playing back the recorded footage.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because the Building Automation System (BAS) typically consists of fire alarms, security and access control (including CCTV), heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), and an energy management system (EMS) including lighting control. This means that all of these components are included in a BAS.

In HVAC systems, various conditions need to be controlled for optimal performance. These include pressure, temperature, humidity, on/off or variable speed, and rate of flow. Pressure control ensures that the system operates within safe limits. Temperature and humidity control are essential for maintaining a comfortable indoor environment. On/off or variable speed control allows for adjusting the system's output based on demand. Rate of flow control ensures proper distribution of air or fluid. Therefore, all of the mentioned conditions are commonly controlled in HVAC systems.

Telecommunications designers can calculate one voice and data work area every 9.3 m^2 (100 ft^2) because this is the recommended minimum space required to accommodate the necessary equipment and provide a comfortable working environment. This size allows for the installation of desks, chairs, computers, telephones, and other essential devices, ensuring that employees have enough room to move around and perform their tasks efficiently. Additionally, a larger work area may be needed for specific purposes or if additional equipment is required, but 9.3 m^2 (100 ft^2) is the standard measurement for a basic voice and data work area.

BACnet is an ANSI standard building automation and control network protocol originally developed by ASHRAE. It stands for Building Automation and Control Networks and is used for communication between different devices in a building automation system. BACnet allows for interoperability between various systems and devices, enabling them to exchange data and control commands. It is specifically designed for HVAC, lighting, access control, and other building automation applications.

Large diameter conductors, such as those with a gauge of 16 AWG to 22 AWG, can be directly connected to a terminal strip without the need for additional connectors. This is because the terminal strip is designed to accommodate larger wires and provide a secure connection. This eliminates the need for additional connectors, making the installation process simpler and more efficient.

The telecommunications manager is responsible for managing both voice and data in an organization. This role involves overseeing the design, implementation, and maintenance of the organization's telecommunications systems and networks. They ensure that the voice and data communication infrastructure is efficient, secure, and reliable. This includes managing phone systems, internet connections, network equipment, and communication protocols. The telecommunications manager also coordinates with service providers and vendors to ensure smooth operations and troubleshoot any issues that may arise.

Telecommunications designers can calculate one coverage area or BAS device every 23 m^2 (250 ft^2). This means that for every 23 square meters or 250 square feet, one coverage area or BAS device can be installed. This calculation helps in determining the number of devices needed to provide adequate coverage in a given area.

An external sensor that sends a two-state, on-off, or two-position signal to a controller is classified as a digital input (DI). This is because a digital input receives and processes discrete, binary signals that are represented by two states, typically "on" or "off". In contrast, an analog input (AI) would be used for continuous signals that can have a range of values, while analog output (AO) and digital output (DO) are used to transmit signals from a controller to external devices.

In HVAC systems, the air-handling unit typically contains the majority of the cabled points. This is because the air-handling unit is responsible for circulating and conditioning the air throughout the building. It connects to various sensors, actuators, and controllers that control the temperature, humidity, and air quality. The cabled points include connections for power supply, communication, and control signals, allowing the air-handling unit to efficiently operate and regulate the HVAC system.

Fluorescent lamps experience a decrease in light output over time due to the deterioration of their phosphor coating. This deterioration is gradual, and after approximately 3 years of use, the light output of a fluorescent lamp will reach a level of around 70 percent of the light output of a new lamp. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 years, 70 percent.

An analog input is the correct answer because it refers to an external device that sends a continuously changing signal to the controller. This signal is typically proportional to the physical quantity being measured, such as temperature or pressure. Analog inputs are commonly used in various applications where precise and continuous measurements are required.

Humidity and temperature sensors are examples of analog inputs (AIs) because they measure continuous and varying physical quantities. Analog inputs convert the measured physical quantities into analog signals, which can be processed by a microcontroller or other devices. In contrast, digital inputs (DIs) and outputs (DOs) deal with discrete and binary signals, representing only two states (on/off or high/low). Therefore, the continuous and varying nature of humidity and temperature measurements makes them suitable for analog input devices.

Lumen depreciation compensation provides comfortable light levels at all times and can produce an energy savings averaging 13 percent per year over a three year period. This technique helps to counteract the decrease in light output that occurs over time as lamps and fixtures age. By compensating for lumen depreciation, the lighting system can maintain consistent light levels and reduce the need for additional energy consumption.

Lighting accounts for 30 to 40 percent of the electrical operation costs in a commercial building. This is because lighting systems are typically used for long periods of time throughout the day, consuming a significant amount of electricity. Additionally, inefficient lighting fixtures and bulbs can further increase the energy consumption and therefore the costs. By implementing energy-efficient lighting solutions and technologies, such as LED lights, the electrical operation costs can be significantly reduced.

Switches and duct static pressure sensors are examples of digital inputs because they provide discrete, binary signals to a system. These devices have two states: on or off, high or low, representing the presence or absence of a signal. Digital inputs are commonly used to monitor the status of devices or to detect changes in a system. In this case, switches and pressure sensors are used to provide input signals to a digital system, indicating the presence or absence of pressure or the state of the switch.

The traditional BAS (Building Automation System) is typically included in the electrical package of a building project. This means that it is planned and budgeted for during the construction phase. The BAS is responsible for managing and controlling various building systems, including HVAC, lighting, and security. By including it in the electrical package, it ensures that the necessary wiring and infrastructure are in place to support the BAS installation.

System-level controllers are usually linked via communications bus to management-level processors, enabling the uploading of data and downloading of application programs. These controllers act as intermediaries between the field-level controllers and the management-level processors. They facilitate the exchange of information and instructions, allowing for effective communication and control within the system.

Daylight compensation is a technique that adjusts artificial lighting levels in response to the amount of natural daylight available in a space. By utilizing natural light effectively, energy consumption can be reduced. The correct answer of 4% suggests that implementing daylight compensation can result in energy consumption savings of approximately 4% for an average building.

A traditional BAS does not use copper balanced twisted-pair conductors ranging from 16 AWG to 24 AWG.

By combining horizontal services in a common pathway and replacing traditional separate pathways for various services, such as voice, data, video, BAS, and electrical services, the labor hours required for cabling and pathways can be reduced by 50 percent. This is because consolidating the pathways and using a single system for multiple services eliminates the need for multiple conduit and cable tray systems, resulting in significant time savings during installation and maintenance.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that BAS and telecommunications signals can share the same multipair backbone cable because it is cost-effective to increase the cable size to include both services. However, they should not share the same binder group within a multipair cable. This is because the binder group is a grouping of pairs within the cable, and separating the BAS and telecommunications signals into different binder groups helps to prevent interference and ensure proper signal transmission.

Cameras generate baseband video signals, which are analog signals that have not been modulated onto a carrier frequency. These signals typically require a bandwidth of 8 to 10 MHz. This range of bandwidth allows for the transmission of the video signal without significant loss of quality or detail.

The fire alarm (FA) system provides detection by detecting the presence of fire or smoke through sensors. It also provides suppression by activating fire suppression systems such as sprinklers or fire extinguishers to control or extinguish the fire. Additionally, the FA system provides notification by sounding alarms or sending alerts to notify occupants of the building about the fire, allowing them to evacuate safely.

When cabling telecommunications and BAS, using a total system integration approach allows for better planning and coordination of the cabling installation. This approach ensures that all systems are integrated seamlessly, reducing the need for additional cabling or changes during the installation process. As a result, the cost of cabling related changes in a new or renovated facility can usually be reduced by 25-40 percent.