Aerobic Cellular Respiration Trivia Quiz

The plasma membrane is responsible for controlling the movement of substances into and out of a cell. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. Therefore, to enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through the plasma membrane.

Fermentation is the process in which a pyruvate molecule is broken down into chemicals such as ethanol or lactate. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen and is used by organisms like yeast and bacteria to produce energy. Fermentation is an anaerobic process and is commonly used in the production of alcoholic beverages and bread.

Acetyl-coA is produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and serves as the entry point for the citric acid cycle. During this cycle, acetyl-coA is further broken down to release energy through a series of chemical reactions. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is an essential step in cellular respiration, which produces ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Glucose is not produced by the oxidation of pyruvate, carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the citric acid cycle, and lactate is produced during anaerobic respiration, not the oxidation of pyruvate.

The central vacuole is responsible for storage in the cell. It is a large, fluid-filled organelle found in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It helps maintain cell turgor pressure, which is important for cell structure and support. The central vacuole also stores pigments, toxins, and other substances that are important for the cell's function.

Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. One of its main functions is to oxidize NADH to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate and NADH is produced. In the absence of oxygen, NADH cannot be oxidized by the electron transport chain. However, fermentation allows NADH to be converted back into NAD+ by transferring its electrons to an organic molecule, such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde. This regeneration of NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP, even in the absence of oxygen.

Chemiosmosis generates more ATP than substrate-level phosphorylation in aerobic cellular respiration. Chemiosmosis is the process by which ATP is produced through the movement of protons across a membrane, while substrate-level phosphorylation involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to form ATP. Chemiosmosis is more efficient as it utilizes the electron transport chain and a proton gradient to generate a larger amount of ATP.