Quarter 2 Assessment Review

Mold would be classified as a fungus because it is a type of fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter in their environment. Mold fits this description as it obtains nutrients by breaking down organic materials such as dead plants or food. Additionally, mold reproduces by producing spores, which is another characteristic of fungi.

The correct answer is spirilla. Spirilla is a shape of bacteria characterized by a spiral or corkscrew-like structure. It is a type of bacteria that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the human body. Spirilla are typically larger than cocci and bacilli, which are spherical and rod-shaped bacteria, respectively. The presence of a spiral shape distinguishes spirilla from other bacterial shapes.

A semi-permeable membrane allows only certain molecules to pass through, while blocking others. Therefore, the correct answer is "some" because it indicates that only a select group of molecules are able to pass through the membrane.

The correct answer is cocci. Cocci is the plural form of coccus, which refers to a spherical or round-shaped bacterium. This shape is commonly found in bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, spirilla are spiral-shaped bacteria, and flagella are thread-like structures that help bacteria with movement.

Protist is the correct answer because it is a kingdom. The kingdom Protista includes a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms that do not fit into any other kingdom. They can be unicellular or multicellular and can be found in various habitats such as freshwater, marine environments, and soil. Protists are known for their diversity in terms of structure, nutrition, and reproduction. They include organisms like amoebas, paramecia, and algae.

The correct answer is bacilli. Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, which can be seen as elongated cells under a microscope. They are characterized by their cylindrical or oval shape and can occur individually or in chains. This shape allows them to move efficiently through various environments and attach to surfaces.

Osmosis is the correct answer because it refers to the process of water molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. This movement occurs in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane. Osmosis is a passive process that does not require energy expenditure by the cell.

The figure is likely depicting a process of asexual cell division because it involves the reproduction of cells without the involvement of gametes or the fusion of genetic material from two parents. Asexual cell division typically produces genetically identical offspring, which is consistent with the figure's representation. Osmosis, on the other hand, is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane and is unrelated to cell division.

Asexual reproduction results in new organisms whose genetic material is identical to the parent. This is because asexual reproduction involves only one parent, and there is no exchange or mixing of genetic material between individuals. The offspring are essentially clones of the parent, inheriting the exact same genetic information.

During interphase, the cell undergoes a period of growth and preparation for cell division. One of the key events during interphase is the duplication of the cell's genetic material, which is stored in the chromosomes. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA and proteins that carry the cell's genetic information. They are replicated during interphase to ensure that each new cell formed during cell division receives a complete set of genetic material. Therefore, the correct answer is chromosome.

The correct answer is pseudopod. Amoebas are single-celled organisms that move by extending and retracting pseudopods, which are temporary projections of the cell membrane. These pseudopods enable the amoeba to change its shape and move in a flowing manner. The nucleus is responsible for controlling the cell's activities, not movement. The cell wall is a rigid structure that provides support and protection, but it does not play a role in movement. Flagella are whip-like appendages that some organisms use for movement, but amoebas do not have flagella.

Paramecium is a protist that uses cilia for movement. Cilia are hair-like structures that cover the surface of the organism and beat in a coordinated manner, allowing it to move through its environment. Amoeba, on the other hand, uses pseudopods or "false feet" for movement. Euglena uses a whip-like structure called a flagellum, and diatoms have a rigid cell wall and move by gliding or floating in water. Therefore, the correct answer is paramecium.

Diffusion is the process occurring in this cell. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In this case, oxygen molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to the cell where the concentration is lower. This movement of oxygen molecules is facilitated by diffusion.

Archaebacteria is the correct answer because it refers to bacteria that live in extreme conditions, such as hot springs, deep sea vents, and acidic environments. These bacteria have unique cell walls and membranes that allow them to survive in harsh conditions. They are distinct from eubacteria, which are more common bacteria found in various environments, and cyanobacteria, which are photosynthetic bacteria. Saprophytes, on the other hand, are organisms that obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter and are not specifically associated with extreme conditions.

Organisms that decompose other organisms and have nuclei in their cells belong to the fungi kingdom. Fungi are known for their ability to break down and decompose organic matter, such as dead plants and animals. They obtain nutrients through the process of extracellular digestion, where they release enzymes to break down complex organic compounds into simpler forms that can be absorbed by their cells. Fungi also have distinct nuclei within their cells, which is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is fungi.

Mitosis is a process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It is a form of asexual reproduction as it does not involve the fusion of gametes. Therefore, information about mitosis would most likely be found under the heading "asexual reproduction" in a table of contents.

The given picture E shows a phase of mitosis where the chromosomes have reached the opposite poles of the cell and are starting to decondense. This phase is known as telophase. During telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes, and the cell begins to divide into two daughter cells.

The correct answer is metaphase because in the given picture C, the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell. This is a characteristic of metaphase in mitosis, where the chromosomes are condensed and attached to the spindle fibers, preparing for separation in the subsequent phase.

The correct answer is anaphase because in picture D, the chromosomes are seen moving towards opposite poles of the cell. This is a characteristic feature of anaphase in mitosis where the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell.

When a cell with 70% water is placed in a solution with 10% water, water molecules will move from the area of higher concentration (the cell) to the area of lower concentration (the solution) in order to establish equilibrium. This means that water will continue to move from the cell into the solution until both the cell and the solution have the same concentration of water. Therefore, they will both contain 40% of water when they reach equilibrium.

Euglena and amoeba would be classified in the same kingdom because they are both unicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Protista. Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms that do not fit into any other kingdom. They can be found in various habitats and exhibit a wide range of characteristics and modes of nutrition. Euglena and amoeba are both examples of protists, which is why they would be classified in the same kingdom.

The correct answer is prophase. This can be determined by analyzing the image in picture B. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane starts to break down, and the spindle fibers begin to form. By examining the image, we can see that the chromosomes are condensed and visible, indicating that the cell is in prophase.