PTCB Practice Exam Quiz

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, and Nexium are all proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) commonly used to treat GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). GERD is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and regurgitation. PPIs work by reducing the production of stomach acid, providing relief from the symptoms of GERD. Therefore, the correct answer is GERD.

Statins are a type of medication commonly used to treat high cholesterol. They work by reducing the production of cholesterol in the liver, thereby lowering the levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood. Statins are prescribed to patients who have high cholesterol levels, as high cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. By lowering cholesterol levels, statins help to prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries and reduce the risk of these serious health conditions.

Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat diabetes. It works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in the body. By lowering blood sugar levels, it helps to control and manage diabetes. Metformin is not used to treat high cholesterol, hypertension, or depression.

The generic for Vicoin is hydrocodone/APAP. This is because Vicoin is a combination medication that contains hydrocodone, an opioid pain medication, and APAP (acetaminophen), a non-opioid pain reliever. The combination of hydrocodone and APAP is commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain.

ACE inhibitors are a class of medications that are used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and certain types of kidney disease. The correct answer, "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors," accurately describes the mechanism of action of these medications. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the action of an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is involved in the production of a hormone called angiotensin II. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors help to relax and widen blood vessels, reduce fluid retention, and decrease the production of certain hormones that can contribute to heart and kidney problems.

Doxycycline is the generic name for Vibramycin, which is a medication used to treat infections. This answer correctly identifies the generic name and the condition it is used to treat.

The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container. It is formed due to the adhesive forces between the liquid molecules and the container walls. The meniscus is important in measurement because it is the lowest point of the liquid surface, and it should be used as a reference point for accurate measurements.

The Durham-Humphrey Amendment is the correct answer because it required the labeling "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription." This amendment, passed in 1951, amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and established a distinction between prescription and over-the-counter drugs. It allowed certain medications to be dispensed only with a prescription from a licensed healthcare professional, and required that prescription drugs be labeled accordingly to prevent misuse or unauthorized dispensing.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin within the neuronal transmission. This means that they prevent the reabsorption of serotonin by the neurons, leading to increased levels of serotonin in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is serotonin.

The name, address, and phone number of the prescriber are not required on a prescription label. The prescription label typically includes the name, address, and phone number of the pharmacy where the prescription was filled, as well as the date the prescription was filled. Auxiliary labels, such as instructions for use or warnings, may also be included on the prescription label. However, the prescriber's information is not typically included on the label as it is already recorded in the patient's medical records.

SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are a class of antidepressants that are known to have the mildest side effects compared to other classes such as MAOIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines. SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps to improve mood and relieve symptoms of depression. They are commonly prescribed for depression due to their effectiveness and relatively low risk of side effects, making them a preferred choice for many patients.

The generic name of Amaryl is glimepiride.

Topamax (topiramate) is a medication commonly used to treat seizures. It belongs to a class of drugs called anticonvulsants and works by reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is specifically approved for the treatment of seizures in both adults and children. Topamax may be prescribed as a standalone medication or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs to control and prevent seizures. It is not indicated for the treatment of anxiety, depression, or hypertension.

A prescription can be written by a psychiatrist because psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in mental health and are authorized to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. They have the authority to prescribe medications to their patients as part of their treatment plan. Psychologists, on the other hand, cannot prescribe medications as they focus more on therapy and counseling. Family counselors also do not have the authority to prescribe medications. Therefore, only a psychiatrist can write a prescription.

Taking oral nitroglycerin medications with food is not necessary patient information.

Glipizide is the correct answer because it is a generic medication that is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs called sulfonylureas, which work by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and helping the body use insulin more effectively. Glucotrol is a brand name for glipizide, so they are essentially the same medication. The other options, glimepiride, glyburide, and metformin, are also used to treat diabetes but are not the generic form of Glucotrol.

The best description for assigning an expiration date of a repackaged drug is to use one fourth of the manufacturer's expiration date or 6 months, whichever is less. This means that if the manufacturer's expiration date is less than 24 months, the repackaged drug should have an expiration date that is one fourth of the manufacturer's expiration date. However, if the manufacturer's expiration date is greater than 24 months, the repackaged drug should have an expiration date of 6 months. This guideline ensures that the repackaged drug remains safe and effective for use.

IV (intravenous) solutions are administered to patients to deliver fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into their bloodstream. The correct answer is 24 hours because after this time, the risk of contamination and bacterial growth increases significantly, which can lead to infections and other complications. Therefore, it is crucial to replace the IV bag after 24 hours to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment. However, it is important to note that certain medications or solutions may have specific guidelines regarding their hanging time, so it is essential to follow the instructions provided by healthcare professionals.

Loop diuretics and thiazides cause a loss of potassium. These medications work by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium and potassium, from the body. This can lead to a decrease in potassium levels, known as hypokalemia. It is important to monitor potassium levels and consider supplementation or the use of potassium-sparing agents when prescribing loop diuretics or thiazides to prevent potential complications associated with low potassium levels.

Emulsification is a process that binds hydrophobic additives into solutes. Hydrophobic substances are repelled by water and do not easily mix with it. In the emulsification process, these hydrophobic additives are broken down into smaller particles and dispersed throughout the solute, creating a stable mixture. This allows the hydrophobic additives to be evenly distributed and incorporated into the solute, enhancing its properties and functionality.

The 4 mL syringe is not commonly used in an intravenous room. This is because the most commonly used sizes for intravenous injections are 3 mL, 5 mL, and 10 mL. The 4 mL syringe is not as commonly available or used in medical settings compared to the other options listed.

The differences between intravenous therapy and chemotherapy parenteral preparation include the type of flow hood used, hand placement, and aseptic technique. However, the size of the hood is not a factor that distinguishes between the two.

Levodopa is the correct answer because it is able to pass the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the brain. Levodopa is able to cross this barrier and reach the brain where it is converted into dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease. This conversion helps to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Dopamine, on the other hand, cannot pass the blood-brain barrier and therefore cannot be used directly as a medication for Parkinson's disease. Carbidopa is often used in combination with levodopa to enhance its effectiveness, but it does not directly pass the blood-brain barrier either.