PTCB Practice Exam: Trivia Quiz

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, and Nexium are all proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from GERD symptoms and promoting healing of the esophagus. Therefore, the correct answer is GERD.

Statins are commonly prescribed to patients with high cholesterol. These medications work by reducing the production of cholesterol in the liver, thereby lowering the levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood. By lowering cholesterol levels, statins help to prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Hypertension, insomnia, and infection are not conditions typically treated with statins.

Metformin is commonly prescribed to treat diabetes. It is an oral medication that helps to control blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin. It is not used to treat high cholesterol, hypertension, or depression.

ACE inhibitors are a type of medication that work by blocking the action of an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a substance that causes blood vessels to narrow and blood pressure to increase. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors help to relax and widen blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and certain kidney diseases.

Hydrocodone/APAP is the generic for Vicodin. Vicodin is a combination medication that contains hydrocodone, which is an opioid pain reliever, and APAP, which is acetaminophen. The combination of these two drugs provides effective relief for moderate to severe pain. Therefore, hydrocodone/APAP is the correct generic name for Vicodin.

Doxycycline is the generic name for Vibramycin, which is a type of antibiotic. It is commonly used to treat various types of infections caused by bacteria, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. Therefore, the correct answer is doxycycline/infection.

The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, caused by the adhesive forces between the liquid molecules and the container's surface. It is best described as the lowest level of liquid, which is the point that should be used to measure. This is because the meniscus is the most accurate point of measurement due to the curvature caused by surface tension.

SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin in the neuronal transmission. This means that they prevent the reabsorption of serotonin by the neurons, leading to increased levels of serotonin in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is serotonin.

The Durham-Humphrey Amendment is the correct answer because it required the labeling "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription." This amendment, enacted in 1951, established a distinction between prescription and over-the-counter drugs, allowing certain medications to be dispensed only with a valid prescription from a healthcare professional. The labeling requirement was aimed at ensuring that consumers were aware of the legal restrictions on these medications and the need for a prescription to obtain them.

The name, address, and phone number of the prescriber are not required on a prescription label. The prescription label must include the name, address, and phone number of the pharmacy, as well as the date the prescription was filled. Additionally, auxiliary labels, which provide important instructions or warnings about the medication, should also be included on the label. However, the prescriber's information is typically documented elsewhere in the patient's medical records and is not necessary on the label itself.

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are a class of antidepressant medications that are known to have relatively mild side effects compared to other classes such as MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors), TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants), and benzodiazepines. SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. Due to their favorable side effect profile, SSRIs are commonly prescribed as a first-line treatment for depression.

A prescription can be written by a psychiatrist because they are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. They have the authority to prescribe medication to their patients as part of their treatment plan. Psychologists and family counselors, on the other hand, do not have the same medical training and cannot prescribe medication. Therefore, the correct answer is a psychiatrist.

Glimepiride is the generic name for Amaryl, which is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas, which work by stimulating the release of insulin in the body and increasing the sensitivity of cells to insulin. By doing so, glimepiride helps to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes.

Topamax (topiramate) is used to treat seizures. Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, and consciousness. Topamax is an anticonvulsant medication that works by reducing abnormal brain activity, thus preventing or reducing the frequency of seizures. It is commonly prescribed for various types of seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Topamax is not indicated for the treatment of anxiety, depression, or hypertension.

Glipizide is the generic name for the medication Glucotrol. Generic names are the non-proprietary names given to drugs, while brand names are the names given by specific pharmaceutical companies. In this case, Glucotrol is the brand name for the drug, and glipizide is the generic name. Therefore, glipizide is the correct answer to the question.

Taking oral nitroglycerin medications with food is not necessary patient information.

The best description of the guidelines for assigning an expiration date of a repackaged drug is to use one fourth of the manufacturer's expiration date or 6 months, whichever is less. This means that if the manufacturer's expiration date is less than 24 months, the repackaged drug should have an expiration date that is one fourth of the manufacturer's expiration date. However, if the manufacturer's expiration date is more than 24 months, the repackaged drug should have an expiration date of 6 months.

Loop diuretics and thiazides cause a loss of potassium. These medications are commonly used as diuretics to increase urine production and reduce fluid retention. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output. Thiazides, such as hydrochlorothiazide, work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. Both types of diuretics can also cause the excretion of potassium in the urine, which can lead to low potassium levels in the body.

IV (intravenous) fluids are typically administered to patients to provide hydration or deliver medications directly into the bloodstream. The correct answer is 24 hours because after this time period, the risk of bacterial growth and contamination increases significantly, which can lead to serious infections. Therefore, it is important to change the IV bag and tubing every 24 hours to ensure patient safety and prevent complications.

Emulsification is a process that binds hydrophobic additives into solutes. This means that it allows substances that do not mix well with water, such as oils or fats, to be dispersed and evenly distributed in a water-based solution. By binding hydrophobic additives, emulsification helps create stable and homogeneous mixtures, making it easier to incorporate these substances into various products like food, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals.

The 4 mL size of syringe is not commonly used in an intravenous room. This is because the most commonly used sizes of syringes for intravenous administration are 3 mL, 5 mL, and 10 mL. The 4 mL size may not be as readily available or commonly used in this setting.

The differences between intravenous therapy and chemotherapy parenteral preparation include the type of flow hood used, hand placement, and aseptic technique. However, the size of the hood is not a factor that distinguishes between the two.

Levadopa is the correct answer because it is able to pass the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier that prevents many substances from entering the brain, but levadopa is able to cross this barrier and reach the brain where it can be converted into dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease. Dopamine itself cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, and carbidopa is often used in combination with levadopa to enhance its effectiveness, but it does not pass the blood-brain barrier on its own. Therefore, the correct answer is levadopa.