Research Methods In Psychology Quiz

Reviewed by Editorial Team
The ProProfs editorial team is comprised of experienced subject matter experts. They've collectively created over 10,000 quizzes and lessons, serving over 100 million users. Our team includes in-house content moderators and subject matter experts, as well as a global network of rigorously trained contributors. All adhere to our comprehensive editorial guidelines, ensuring the delivery of high-quality content.
Learn about Our Editorial Process
| By Tobee1
T
Tobee1
Community Contributor
Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 1,833
| Attempts: 1,835
SettingsSettings
Please wait...
  • 1/65 Questions

    Random sampling refers to when all people in a target population have an equal chance of being selected for an experiment. Researcher may put all names in a hat, for example, or use a computer program to randomly select a certain number of names.

    • True
    • False
Please wait...
About This Quiz

Do you know what psychological research methods are? Try this quiz on psychological research methods to see how much you know. This revision quiz is mainly for Scottish higher psychology. This quiz will not only test your knowledge but enhance it, too, with a lot of new facts and terms. All the best for a perfect score on this quiz. Do share the quiz or quiz results with others interested in psychology.

Research Methods In Psychology Quiz - Quiz

Quiz Preview

  • 2. 

    An experiment is where the experimenter manipulates the IV to see if it has an effect on the DV. It is the method of choice in psychology.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The given statement is true because an experiment is indeed a method in psychology where the experimenter intentionally manipulates the independent variable (IV) to observe and determine if it has any impact on the dependent variable (DV). This allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships and draw conclusions about the variables being studied.

    Rate this question:

  • 3. 

    The experimental group is the group carrying out the experiment in which the IV is present, e.g., smoking.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The experimental group is the group that carries out the experiment with the independent variable (IV) present. This means that they are exposed to the factor being tested, such as smoking in this case. Therefore, the statement "The experimental group is the group carrying out the experiment in which the IV is present, e.g., smoking" is true.

    Rate this question:

  • 4. 

    Field experiment: takes place indoors or out but ALWAYS in a real-life situation e.g., playground, office, shop, etc.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A field experiment is a type of research study that is conducted in a real-life setting, such as a playground, office, or shop. It can take place both indoors and outdoors, but the key characteristic is that it always occurs in a real-life situation. This distinguishes field experiments from other types of experiments that may be conducted in a controlled laboratory environment. Therefore, the statement that a field experiment always takes place in a real-life situation is true.

    Rate this question:

  • 5. 

    Operationalisation: the attempt to define a variable in order to measure it effectively, defining what is meant by the variable.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Operationalisation refers to the process of defining a variable in a way that allows it to be effectively measured. This involves specifying what is meant by the variable and how it will be observed or quantified. By operationalising a variable, researchers can ensure that their measurements are reliable and valid, allowing for accurate analysis and interpretation of data. Therefore, the statement that operationalisation involves defining what is meant by the variable is true.

    Rate this question:

  • 6. 

    Matched pair design

    • Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required.

    • Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.

    • Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.
    Explanation
    The matched pair design involves matching participants based on similar scores or specific personality traits and then splitting them into different conditions of an experiment. This design helps eliminate participant variables and order effects, leading to greater accuracy compared to independent measure design. Identical twins are considered the ultimate matched pairs.

    Rate this question:

  • 7. 

    Two tailed/non-directional hypothesis predicts an effect on the DV but doesn’t say in which direction. eg. Being bullied at school will affect exam performance.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A two-tailed/non-directional hypothesis predicts that there will be an effect on the dependent variable (exam performance) as a result of being bullied at school, but it does not specify the direction of the effect. This means that the hypothesis does not state whether being bullied will positively or negatively impact exam performance. Instead, it simply suggests that there will be some kind of effect. Therefore, the statement "Being bullied at school will affect exam performance" is consistent with a two-tailed/non-directional hypothesis.

    Rate this question:

  • 8. 

    The Null hypothesis predicts no observable effect on the DV. 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no relationship or effect between the variables being studied. In this case, the statement suggests that the null hypothesis predicts no observable effect on the dependent variable (DV). Therefore, the correct answer is true, as the null hypothesis assumes no effect on the DV.

    Rate this question:

  • 9. 

    Matched pair design is when.

    • Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required.

    • Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.

    • Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.
    Explanation
    Matched pair design is a research design where participants are matched with someone who has a similar score on a pre-decided test or displays a similar personality trait. This matching process helps to eliminate participant variables and ensures that the groups are as similar as possible. Identical twins are considered the ultimate matched pairs. After the matching process, the participants are split between two conditions in an experiment, which helps to remove order effects and provides greater accuracy compared to independent measure design.

    Rate this question:

  • 10. 

    Must be used with REPEATED MEASURE DESIGN EXPERIMENTS. Participants are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment and they then perform these in alternating order e.g. Group A, condition 4; Group B condition 2; Group C, condition 1; Group D, condition 3 etc. The groups then swap round. This aims to combat order effects e.g. boredom effect and practice effect.

    • Boredom factor

    • Counterbalancing

    • Experimenter effect

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Counterbalancing
    Explanation
    Counterbalancing is the correct answer because it refers to a technique used in repeated measure design experiments where participants are split into groups and perform the conditions in alternating order. This helps to combat order effects such as boredom effect and practice effect. By counterbalancing the order of conditions, researchers can ensure that any effects observed are not due to the order in which the conditions were presented.

    Rate this question:

  • 11. 

    The Likert scale

    • Indicates the strength of a response e.g. scale of 1 to 10

    • A musical scale to measure agreement

    • John Likert's scale model of a brain

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Indicates the strength of a response e.g. scale of 1 to 10
    Explanation
    The Likert scale is a commonly used rating scale that measures the strength of a response or opinion. It typically consists of a range of options, such as a scale of 1 to 10, where respondents can indicate their level of agreement or disagreement with a statement. This scale allows for quantification of subjective data and provides a standardized way to measure attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. It is widely used in research and survey methodologies to gather and analyze data.

    Rate this question:

  • 12. 

    Replication means an experiment must be set down in easy-to-follow steps so anyone can repeat the experiment with the same results.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Replication in scientific experiments refers to the ability to repeat the experiment using the same procedures and obtain consistent results. This is important for ensuring the validity and reliability of scientific findings. By providing clear and detailed instructions, other researchers can replicate the experiment and verify the results, adding credibility to the original study. Therefore, the statement that replication requires easy-to-follow steps for consistent results is true.

    Rate this question:

  • 13. 

    Quota sampling is similar to Stratified Random Sampling, but the researcher will then pick participants from within each pre-identified sub-group.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Quota sampling is indeed similar to stratified random sampling, as both methods involve dividing the population into sub-groups. However, in quota sampling, the researcher selects participants from within each sub-group based on certain pre-determined criteria or quotas. This allows for a more targeted and representative sample, as the researcher ensures that each sub-group is adequately represented in the sample. Therefore, the statement "Quota sampling is similar to Stratified Random Sampling, but the researcher will then pick participants from within each pre-identified sub-group" is true.

    Rate this question:

  • 14. 

    Must be used with REPEATED MEASURE DESIGN EXPERIMENTS. Participants are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment and they then perform these in alternating order e.g. Group A, condition 4; Group B condition 2; Group C, condition 1; Group D, condition 3 etc. The groups then swap round. This aims to combat order effects e.g. boredom effect and practice effect. What is this?

    • Boredom factor

    • Counterbalancing

    • Experimenter effect

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Counterbalancing
    Explanation
    Counterbalancing is the correct answer because it refers to a method used in repeated measure design experiments where participants are split into groups and perform the conditions of the experiment in alternating order. This helps to combat order effects such as boredom and practice effects, ensuring that the results are not influenced by the order in which the conditions are presented.

    Rate this question:

  • 15. 

    Free-ranging questions, these do not need to be adhered to and participant can lead interview to some extent.

    • Structured interview

    • Unstructured interview

    • Questionairre

    • MCQ

    Correct Answer
    A. Unstructured interview
    Explanation
    An unstructured interview is a type of interview where there is no predetermined set of questions or format. Instead, the interviewer engages in a free-flowing conversation with the interviewee, allowing for more flexibility and spontaneity. This type of interview allows for a deeper exploration of the interviewee's thoughts, experiences, and personality, providing a more comprehensive understanding of their suitability for the role. It also allows the interviewer to adapt and ask follow-up questions based on the interviewee's responses, leading to a more personalized and in-depth assessment.

    Rate this question:

  • 16. 

    Independent measure design is when.

    • Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.

    • Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.

    • Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is participants undergo only one condition of the experiment and are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. This design is good when there are only two groups and does not take participant variables into account. This is referring to an independent measure design, where participants are only exposed to one condition and are randomly assigned to groups. This design is useful when there are only two groups and helps to control for participant variables.

    Rate this question:

  • 17. 

    Repeated measure design is when.

    • Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.

    • Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required.

    • Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into the same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. This design, known as a within-subjects design or repeated measures design, allows each participant to serve as their own control, eliminating participant variables. It is good for studying the effects of different conditions on the same group of participants. Counterbalancing is required to control for order effects. This design provides greater accuracy than independent measures design as it removes order effects and allows for direct comparison within participants.

    Rate this question:

  • 18. 

    A laboratory experiment takes place only in a science building.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Happens indoors in controlled laboratory conditions. Low ecological validity but allows experimenter to control situational and participant variables as much as possible.

    Rate this question:

  • 19. 

    Independent measure design

    • Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.

    • Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.

    • Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.
    Explanation
    This answer correctly identifies the independent measure design as the option that involves participants undergoing only one condition of the experiment and being randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. It also mentions that this design is suitable when there are only two groups. Additionally, it acknowledges that this design does not take into account participant variables in each group.

    Rate this question:

  • 20. 

    Highly detailed, emotional data, usually gathered from in-deapth interviews etc.

    • Quantative data

    • Qualitative data

    • Closed questions

    • Open questions

    Correct Answer
    A. Qualitative data
    Explanation
    Qualitative data refers to highly detailed, emotional data that is usually gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, or other similar methods. It focuses on understanding the subjective experiences, opinions, and perspectives of individuals. This type of data provides rich insights and allows for a deeper understanding of complex phenomena. In contrast, quantitative data involves numerical measurements and statistical analysis, aiming to quantify and generalize findings. Therefore, the given answer, "Qualitative data," correctly describes the type of data that is highly detailed and emotional, gathered from in-depth interviews, and so on.

    Rate this question:

  • 21. 

    Participants are those who have responded to advertisements or requests for volunteers. The problem is that participants will usually have a reason for wanting to apply and thus are not truly representative.

    • Random sampling

    • Self-selected/volunteer sampling

    • Opportunity sampling

    • Stratified random sampling

    • Quota sampling

    • Systematic sampling

    Correct Answer
    A. Self-selected/volunteer sampling
    Explanation
    Self-selected/volunteer sampling is the correct answer because it refers to a sampling method where individuals choose to participate in a study or survey. In this case, the participants responded to advertisements or requests for volunteers. However, this sampling method can lead to biased results because those who choose to participate may have different characteristics or motivations compared to the general population. Therefore, the sample may not be truly representative of the population, which can limit the generalizability of the findings.

    Rate this question:

  • 22. 

    Repeated measure design

    • Participants undergo only one condition of the experiment. Randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Good when there are only two groups. Doesn’t take participant variables in each group into account.

    • Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required.

    • Participants are matched with someone with the same/similar score in a pre-decided test for example. Or someone who displays a similar particular personality trait. Identical twins are ultimate matched pairs. They are then split between two conditions in an experiment. This removes order effects and gives greater accuracy than independent measure design.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. They are therefore tested against themselves. Good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the participants experience all conditions of an experiment one after the other, they are split into the same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment. This design is known as a repeated measure design and is good for eliminating participant variables. Counterbalancing is required to ensure that the order in which the conditions are presented does not affect the results. This design allows for each participant to serve as their own control, increasing the accuracy of the results.

    Rate this question:

  • 23. 

    The D.V. is the variable that is being manipulated by the experimenter.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because the D.V. (dependent variable) is the variable that is being measured or observed in an experiment, not manipulated. The independent variable (I.V.) is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter.

    Rate this question:

  • 24. 

    The experimenter effect is when characteristics of an experimenter affect the behavior of participants e.g., race, age, sex, general behavior, etc.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The experimenter effect refers to the influence that the characteristics and behavior of the experimenter can have on the participants' behavior in an experiment. This means that factors such as the experimenter's race, age, sex, and general behavior can impact how participants respond or behave during the study. Therefore, the given statement is true, as it accurately describes the concept of the experimenter effect.

    Rate this question:

  • 25. 

    The Boredom effect

    • Must be used with REPEATED MEASURE DESIGN EXPERIMENTS. Participants are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment and they then perform these in alternating order e.g. Group A, condition 4; Group B condition 2; Group C, condition 1; Group D, condition 3 etc. The groups then swap round. This aims to combat order effects e.g. boredom effect and practice effect.

    • Participant performs better in subsequent conditions of same experiment.

    • Participant’s behaviour is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more condition of the same experiment. Meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participant’s behaviour is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more condition of the same experiment. Meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the participant's behavior is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more conditions of the same experiment, meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way. This explanation aligns with the concept of the boredom effect, where participants may become bored or fatigued after performing the same task multiple times, leading to a change in their behavior. By using a repeated measure design and alternating the order of conditions, researchers aim to combat order effects such as the boredom effect and practice effect.

    Rate this question:

  • 26. 

    Sticking to a schedule with particular questions, responses outside these questions will not be recorded.

    • Structured interview

    • Unstructured interview

    • Questionairre

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Structured interview
    Explanation
    A structured interview is a type of interview where the interviewer asks a set of predetermined questions to the interviewee in a specific order. The questions are designed to gather specific information and are asked in a standardized manner to ensure consistency across all interviews. This type of interview allows for a systematic and objective evaluation of candidates as their responses can be compared directly. It also helps in reducing bias and ensuring fairness in the selection process.

    Rate this question:

  • 27. 

    The I.V. is the variable that is being measured by the experimenter.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because the independent variable (I.V.) is not the variable being measured by the experimenter. The I.V. is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter to observe its effect on the dependent variable (D.V.), which is the variable being measured. The D.V. is the variable that is affected or influenced by the changes in the I.V.

    Rate this question:

  • 28. 

    No manipulation of IV, takes place entirely in natural setting.

    • Field experiment

    • Quasi / natural experiment

    • Laboratory experiment

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Quasi / natural experiment
    Explanation
    A quasi/natural experiment is the most appropriate explanation because it involves conducting an experiment in a natural setting without manipulating the independent variable. This means that the researchers are observing and studying a phenomenon that occurs naturally, without any interference or control over the variables. In this type of experiment, the researchers take advantage of existing conditions or events to gather data and draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships. It is different from a field experiment, which involves manipulating the independent variable, and a laboratory experiment, which is conducted in a controlled environment.

    Rate this question:

  • 29. 

    Boredom effect

    • Must be used with REPEATED MEASURE DESIGN EXPERIMENTS. Participants are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment and they then perform these in alternating order e.g. Group A, condition 4; Group B condition 2; Group C, condition 1; Group D, condition 3 etc. The groups then swap round. This aims to combat order effects e.g. boredom effect and practice effect.

    • Participant performs better in subsequent conditions of same experiment.

    • Participant’s behaviour is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more condition of the same experiment. Meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participant’s behaviour is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more condition of the same experiment. Meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way.
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the boredom effect refers to the phenomenon where a participant's behavior is influenced by the fact that they have already experienced one or more conditions of the same experiment. This means that their behavior may be more or less likely to follow a certain pattern or respond in a specific way. The use of a repeated measure design in experiments helps to combat order effects such as the boredom effect by alternating the conditions that participants perform in, thus reducing the impact of previous conditions on their behavior.

    Rate this question:

  • 30. 

    Generalization is

    • Being sure that views can be applied to the whole population e.g. results from 10 people cannot be applied to whole population.

    • Making a general summary of an experiment.

    • Summing up the views of most psychologists.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Being sure that views can be applied to the whole population e.g. results from 10 people cannot be applied to whole population.
    Explanation
    Generalization is the act of drawing conclusions or making statements that can be applied to a larger population based on a smaller sample or set of observations. It involves inferring or extrapolating information from a limited number of cases to a larger group. In this context, generalization refers to the understanding that the views, results, or findings obtained from a small sample size, such as 10 people, cannot be reliably applied to the entire population. It recognizes the need for larger and more representative samples to ensure the validity and applicability of research findings.

    Rate this question:

  • 31. 

    Researcher has the whole population and then chooses a systematic method to select participants e.g., every tenth person on the list.

    • Random sampling

    • Stratified random sampling

    • Quota sampling

    • Systematic sampling

    • Opportunity sampling

    • Self-selected/volunteer sampling

    Correct Answer
    A. Systematic sampling
    Explanation
    Systematic sampling is the correct answer because it involves selecting participants from a population using a systematic method, such as choosing every tenth person on a list. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the population and reduces the chances of bias. It is a more structured approach compared to other sampling methods like random sampling, stratified random sampling, quota sampling, opportunity sampling, and self-selected/volunteer sampling.

    Rate this question:

  • 32. 

    This experiment type takes place in an entirely natural setting and contains no I.V.

    • Field experiment

    • Quasi / natural experiment

    • Laboratory experiment

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Quasi / natural experiment
    Explanation
    A quasi/natural experiment is the correct answer because it is an experiment type that takes place in a natural setting and does not involve an independent variable (I.V.). In this type of experiment, the researcher observes and measures the effects of naturally occurring factors or events on the dependent variable (D.V.). Unlike a laboratory experiment, there is no manipulation of variables or control over the experimental conditions. Therefore, a quasi/natural experiment is the most suitable explanation for this scenario.

    Rate this question:

  • 33. 

    Independent measure design disadvantages

    • Less control over participant variables

    • A lot of participants needed to make up groups

    • Participant differences can effect data

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The independent measure design has several disadvantages. Firstly, it provides less control over participant variables, meaning that there is a higher chance of individual differences influencing the results. Secondly, this design requires a large number of participants to create different groups, which can be time-consuming and costly. Lastly, participant differences can indeed affect the data, leading to potential confounding variables. Therefore, all of the mentioned options are valid disadvantages of the independent measure design.

    Rate this question:

  • 34. 

    A Confounding variable is an extraneous variable that affects one or more conditions of the experiment but not all. As such, it DEFINITELY affects IV. Extraneous variables may not cause an effect.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A confounding variable is an extraneous variable that affects one or more conditions of the experiment but not all. This means that it definitely affects the independent variable (IV) in some way. However, it does not necessarily cause an effect on the dependent variable (DV) or the outcome of the experiment. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects this explanation.

    Rate this question:

  • 35. 

    Practice effect

    • Participant performs better in subsequent conditions of same experiment.

    • Must be used with REPEATED MEASURE DESIGN EXPERIMENTS. Participants are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment and they then perform these in alternating order e.g. Group A, condition 4; Group B condition 2; Group C, condition 1; Group D, condition 3 etc. The groups then swap round. This aims to combat order effects e.g. boredom effect and practice effect.

    • Participant’s behaviour is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more condition of the same experiment. Meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participant performs better in subsequent conditions of same experiment.
    Explanation
    The practice effect refers to the phenomenon where participants perform better in subsequent conditions of the same experiment. This effect is observed when participants have already been through one or more conditions of the experiment, causing their behavior to be influenced by their previous experience. It is important to use a repeated measure design in these experiments, where participants are split into groups and perform the conditions in alternating order to combat order effects such as boredom and practice effects.

    Rate this question:

  • 36. 

    Independent measure design disadvantages

    • Less control over participant variables

    • A lot of participants needed to make up groups

    • Participant differences can effect data

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The independent measure design has several disadvantages. Firstly, it provides less control over participant variables, meaning that there may be factors influencing the results that are not accounted for. Additionally, this design requires a large number of participants to make up different groups, which can be time-consuming and costly. Lastly, participant differences can have an impact on the data collected, leading to potential confounding variables. Therefore, all of the mentioned disadvantages apply to the independent measure design.

    Rate this question:

  • 37. 

    Practice effect

    • Participant performs better in subsequent conditions of same experiment.

    • Must be used with REPEATED MEASURE DESIGN EXPERIMENTS. Participants are split into same number of groups as there are conditions in the experiment and they then perform these in alternating order e.g. Group A, condition 4; Group B condition 2; Group C, condition 1; Group D, condition 3 etc. The groups then swap round. This aims to combat order effects e.g. boredom effect and practice effect.

    • Participant’s behaviour is affected by the fact that they have already been through one or more condition of the same experiment. Meaning they may be more or less likely to behave in a certain way.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Participant performs better in subsequent conditions of same experiment.
    Explanation
    The practice effect refers to the phenomenon where participants perform better in subsequent conditions of the same experiment. This effect is observed when using a repeated measure design, where participants are split into groups and perform the conditions of the experiment in alternating order. By doing so, it helps to combat order effects such as boredom and practice effects. The participant's behavior is influenced by the fact that they have already experienced one or more conditions of the experiment, making them more or less likely to behave in a certain way. Therefore, all of the above statements accurately describe the practice effect.

    Rate this question:

  • 38. 

    One tailed/directional hypothesis predicts an effect on the DV but does not say in which direction.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    One tailed/directional hypothesis predicts the direction of DV. Eg. Being bullied at school will decrease exam performance.

    Rate this question:

  • 39. 

    The three conditions of an experiment are:

    • Generalisation, replication, validity

    • Ethical adherence, controlled conditions, replication

    • Replication, accurate reporting, controlled conditions

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Generalisation, replication, validity
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Generalisation, replication, validity". These three conditions are essential for a valid experiment. Generalisation refers to the ability to apply the findings of the experiment to a larger population or real-world situations. Replication means that the experiment can be repeated by other researchers to ensure the reliability of the results. Validity ensures that the experiment measures what it intends to measure and that the results are accurate and meaningful. Therefore, these three conditions are crucial for ensuring the credibility and usefulness of an experiment.

    Rate this question:

  • 40. 

    Quickest, cheapest, easiest. The researcher simply selects those that are willing and available e.g., stopping people in the street. This may result in the researcher being influenced by personality, looks, etc.

    • Random sampling

    • Self-selected/volunteer sampling

    • Stratified random sampling

    • Quota sampling

    • Systematic sampling

    • Opportunity sampling

    Correct Answer
    A. Opportunity sampling
    Explanation
    Opportunity sampling refers to a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects individuals who are readily available and willing to participate in the study. In this method, the researcher takes advantage of the opportunity to include individuals who are easily accessible, such as stopping people in the street. However, this sampling method may introduce bias as the researcher's choice may be influenced by factors like personality or looks. Therefore, the correct answer is opportunity sampling.

    Rate this question:

  • 41. 

    Interview schedule

    • A list of questions to be asked. It standardises research.

    • A timetable for interviewing participants

    • A time limit for each interview

    • A fixed time for each interview

    Correct Answer
    A. A list of questions to be asked. It standardises research.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "A list of questions to be asked. It standardises research." This answer is correct because an interview schedule refers to a predetermined set of questions that will be asked during an interview. Having a list of questions helps to standardize the research process as it ensures that all participants are asked the same questions, allowing for consistency and comparability in the data collected.

    Rate this question:

  • 42. 

    Validity means that the results of an experiment match your hypothesis.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Validity: you must be measuring what you think you’re measuring. eg. Is there anything else causing behaviour of DV?

    Rate this question:

  • 43. 

    Matched pair design advantages

    • Good for misleading experiments

    • Minimal problems with individual differences

    • No order effects

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of above
    Explanation
    The matched pair design is advantageous for misleading experiments because it allows for the comparison of two similar individuals or groups, minimizing the influence of extraneous variables. Additionally, the design minimizes problems with individual differences by pairing participants based on relevant characteristics. Furthermore, the design eliminates order effects, as each participant is only exposed to one condition. Therefore, all of the given options are advantages of the matched pair design.

    Rate this question:

  • 44. 

    Matched pair design disadvantages

    • Can never be sure that participants are perfectly matched

    • Almost impossible to find twins

    • A lot of participants needed to make up two groups

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Can never be sure that participants are perfectly matched
    A. A lot of participants needed to make up two groups
    Explanation
    The matched pair design has the disadvantage of never being able to ensure that participants are perfectly matched. This is because it is almost impossible to find twins or individuals who are exactly alike in all relevant characteristics. Additionally, a large number of participants are needed to create two groups for comparison in this design. These factors make the matched pair design less practical and reliable compared to other research designs.

    Rate this question:

  • 45. 

    Matched pair design advantages

    • Good for misleading experiments

    • Minimal problems with individual differences

    • No order effects

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of above
    Explanation
    The matched pair design is advantageous because it reduces the impact of individual differences between participants, which can lead to more accurate results. Additionally, it helps to eliminate order effects, which occur when the order in which participants experience different conditions affects their responses. Lastly, the matched pair design is also useful for conducting misleading experiments, where participants are intentionally misled to study their reactions and behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as it encompasses all the advantages mentioned.

    Rate this question:

  • 46. 

    The experimental hypothesis predicts what the IV will be.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Predicts an effect on the DV.

    Rate this question:

  • 47. 

    Quantitative data often provides ________ data. Can be easily represented with charts, graphs, etc.

    Correct Answer
    numerical
    Explanation
    Quantitative data refers to numerical information that can be measured or counted. It can be easily represented using charts, graphs, or other visual representations. This type of data provides precise and objective information, allowing for easy analysis and comparison. Therefore, the answer "numerical" accurately describes the nature of quantitative data.

    Rate this question:

  • 48. 

    Repeated measure design disadvantages

    • Cannot be used when participants HAVE to be different e.g. men and women

    • Hard to measure

    • Problem of order effects means a need for counterbalancing

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Cannot be used when participants HAVE to be different e.g. men and women
    A. Problem of order effects means a need for counterbalancing
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Cannot be used when participants HAVE to be different e.g. men and women" and "Problem of order effects means a need for counterbalancing". Repeated measure design is not suitable when participants need to be different, such as in studies comparing men and women. Additionally, this design can be challenging to measure accurately. Furthermore, the problem of order effects, where the order in which conditions are presented can influence results, necessitates the use of counterbalancing techniques to control for this potential bias.

    Rate this question:

  • 49. 

    Repeated measure design disadvantages

    • Cannot be used when participants HAVE to be different e.g. men and women

    • Hard to measure

    • Problem of order effects means a need for counterbalancing

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Cannot be used when participants HAVE to be different e.g. men and women
    A. Problem of order effects means a need for counterbalancing
    Explanation
    A repeated measure design involves using the same participants for multiple conditions or treatments. One disadvantage of this design is that it cannot be used when participants have to be different, such as when studying the effects of gender. In such cases, it would be necessary to use a between-subjects design instead. Additionally, repeated measure designs can be difficult to measure accurately, as they require multiple measurements from the same participants. Furthermore, there is a problem of order effects, where the order in which the conditions are presented can influence the results. To address this issue, counterbalancing is needed to ensure that each condition is equally distributed across participants. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of these are disadvantages of a repeated measure design.

    Rate this question:

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Jan 27, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Jan 27, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 07, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Tobee1

Recent Quizzes

Test Your "5.06" Research, Journalism, and Media Quiz! Test Your "5.06" Research, Journalism, and Media Quiz!
Research Sampling Methods Quiz Research Sampling Methods Quiz
First Two Stages of Research Quiz First Two Stages of Research Quiz
Methods Of Enquiry In Psychology MCQ Quiz Questions And Answers Methods Of Enquiry In Psychology MCQ Quiz Questions And Answers
Midterm Prep Quiz (Weeks 1-5) Midterm Prep Quiz (Weeks 1-5)
Cs#8: Major Classes Of Quantitative & Qualitative Research Cs#8: Major Classes Of Quantitative & Qualitative Research
Back to Top Back to top
Advertisement
×

Wait!
Here's an interesting quiz for you.

We have other quizzes matching your interest.