Psychology Chapter 11: Personality
- 1.A psychologist who studies personality may ask people to discuss events in their childhood and may also ask them how they might respond to a hypothetical event. Why?
- A.
Because all personality characteristics are environmentally determined.
- B.
Because they want to detect the existence of defense mechanisms.
- C.
Because an understanding of prior and anticipated events is crucial to explaining personality.
- D.
Because they are looking for hidden motives and desires.
- 2.Because projective tests are based on __________, they are a controversial practice in psychology.
- A.
Implicit measures of personality
- B.
Physiological responses
- C.
The interpretation of the responder
- D.
The interpretation of the scorer
- 3.The ______ is the most well-known self-report measure of personality.
- A.
Rorschach
- B.
TAT
- C.
MMPI
- D.
WAIS
- 4.Most researchers using factor analysis agree that ___________________ are the core traits of personality.
- A.
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion
- B.
Openness to experience, neuroticism, and agreeableness
- C.
Anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise
- D.
Orderliness, happiness, extraversion, and introversion
- 5.Which trait best describes someone who is regularly late to meetings, cannot keep his class schedule organized, and often misplaces things?
- A.
Singular
- B.
Disorganized
- C.
Aggressive
- D.
Superficial
- 6.___________ is a computational method that can help researchers identify core traits of personality.
- A.
Multidimensional scaling
- B.
Mapping
- C.
Factor analysis
- D.
A one-way ANOVA
- 7.According to Freud, ____________ are useful because they help us to overcome anxiety.
- A.
The id, ego, and superego
- B.
Drugs
- C.
Personality traits
- D.
Defense mechanisms
- 8.________ is the most common result from interactions among the id, ego, and superego.
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Contentment
- C.
Desire
- D.
Happiness
- 9.According to Freud, why do fixations occur throughout the psychosexual stages?
- A.
Because of deprivation of pleasurable experiences associated with each stage.
- B.
Because of an optimal amount of pleasurable experiences at each stage.
- C.
Because of either deprivation or overindulgence in pleasurable experiences at a given stage.
- D.
Because of overindulgence in pleasurable experiences at a given stage.
- 10.How does existentialism propose that an individual cope with life’s anxieties?
- A.
Meditate until the negative emotions associated with the anxiety are gone.
- B.
Confront and accept the anxiety and the fear of dying as part of life.
- C.
Ignore the bad things in life as if they don’t exist.
- D.
Develop defense mechanisms to deal with anxiety subconsciously.
- 11.In order to try and find meaning in life and contemplate what it means to be alive, you must first _________ according to humanists such as Maslow.
- A.
Accept death as part of life
- B.
Resolve anxiety from the interaction between the id, ego, and superego.
- C.
Silence the id
- D.
Satisfy basic physiological and safety needs
- 12.The __________ approach views personality as a result of our self-awareness and ability to decide how we will behave given our knowledge about life and death.
- A.
Humanistic
- B.
Existential
- C.
Trait
- D.
Psychodynamic
- 13.What do we need to know in order to predict behavior?
- A.
People are unpredictable so it doesn’t really matter what we know.
- B.
We need to know something about a person’s experiences in prior situations.
- C.
We need to know something about a person’s personality and prior situations.
- D.
We need to know something about a person’s personality.
- 14.According to the work of Mischel, what is the relationship between traits and behavior?
- A.
They are not related.
- B.
They are perfectly correlated.
- C.
They are strongly correlated.
- D.
They are somewhat correlated.
- 15.Personal constructs are:
- A.
A nativist approach to the sense of well-being.
- B.
Dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences.
- C.
Art projects undertaken by the mentally challenged.
- D.
Differences in the way situations are interpreted by different people.
- 16.Our __________ and our __________ do not always match up.
- A.
Self-concepts; self-narratives
- B.
Locus of control; self-concepts
- C.
Egos; self-concepts
- D.
Defense mechanisms; personalities
- 17.What does your agreement or disagreement with the statement, “On the whole, I am satisfied with myself,” indicate?
- A.
Your locus of control
- B.
Your personality type
- C.
Your self-concept
- D.
Your self-esteem
- 18.What is the process that describes why we feel uncomfortable when someone views us differently from how we view ourselves?
- A.
Self-serving bias
- B.
Self-verification
- C.
Egotism
- D.
Self-esteem
- 19.What characteristic do the Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach Inkblot Test have in common?
- A.
They are both highly reliable.
- B.
They are not controversial.
- C.
They are standard tests of personality.
- D.
They have not been found to be reliable or valid in predicting behavior.
- 20.Which of the following serves as a source of your self-esteem?
- A.
Your height
- B.
Your comparison group
- C.
Your intelligence level
- D.
Your hair color
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