Psychology Chapter 1
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Quiz of terms in Chapter 1
- 1.Psychology
- A.
Using change methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
- B.
Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge. (Most Research Done is Basic)
- C.
Scientific study of behanior and mental processes
- D.
Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking.
- E.
Scientific study in which the researcher observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find the relationships between them.
- 2.Biological Research
- A.
Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes.
- B.
Occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction.
- C.
Experimental Factor that is measured, it is affected by (or dependant on) the independent variable.
- D.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- E.
Scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
- 3.Critical Thinking
- A.
Focuses on thought, perception, and information processings
- B.
Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking.
- C.
Unifying theme of modern psychology that considers biological, psychological, and social processes.
- D.
Process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information
- E.
Specific prediction about how one variable relates to another.
- 4.Nature-Nurture Controversy
- A.
Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes.
- B.
Ongoing dispute over the relative contributions of nature (heredity) and nurture (environment).
- C.
Specific prediction about how one variable relates to another.
- D.
Specific prediction about how one variable relatSpecific prediction about how one variable relates to another. es to another.
- E.
Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking.
- 5.Interaction
- A.
Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes.
- B.
Empasizes on genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
- C.
Procedure in which both the researcher and the participant are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group.
- D.
Process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome-as in the interaction between heredity and environment
- E.
Unifying theme of modern psychology that considers biological, psychological, and social processes.
- 6.Case Study
- A.
Carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.
- B.
In depth study of a single research participant
- C.
Occurs when research participants are not representative of the large population.
- D.
An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
- E.
Carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.
- 7.psycholanalytic/psychodynamic perspective
- A.
Emphasizes objective observable environmental influences on overt behaviors.
- B.
Carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.
- C.
Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes.
- D.
Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past comflicts.
- E.
Empasizes on genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
- 8.Behavior perspective
- A.
A group receiving no treatment in an experiment.
- B.
Participants agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect.
- C.
Carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.
- D.
Emphasizes objective observable environmental influences on overt behaviors.
- E.
Occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction.
- 9.Naturalistic Observation
- A.
Observation and recording of behavior in participants natural state or habitat.
- B.
Interelated set of concepts that explain a body of data.
- C.
Specific prediction about how one variable relates to another.
- D.
Process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome-as in the interaction between heredity and environment
- E.
Unifying theme of modern psychology that considers biological, psychological, and social processes.
- 10.Descriptive Research
- A.
Believing that one's culture is typical of all cultures; also, viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as central and "correct" and judging others according to this standard.
- B.
Using change methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
- C.
Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes.
- D.
An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
- E.
Research methods that observe and record behavior without producing causal explanations.
- 11.humanist perspective
- A.
Experimental Factor that is measured, it is affected by (or dependant on) the independent variable.
- B.
Occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction.
- C.
Scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
- D.
Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking.
- E.
Procedure in which both the researcher and the participant are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group.
- 12.Misattribution of Arousal
- A.
Statistical procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies.
- B.
Scientific study of behanior and mental processes
- C.
Physiologically aroused individuals make mistaken inferences about what is causing the arousal.
- D.
Process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome-as in the interaction between heredity and environment
- E.
Focuses on thought, perception, and information processings
- 13.Cognative perspective
- A.
Process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information
- B.
Focuses on thought, perception, and information processings
- C.
In depth study of a single research participant
- D.
Scientific study in which the researcher observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find the relationships between them.
- E.
A number that indicates the degree and direction of a relationship between two variables.
- 14.Participant Bias
- A.
Ongoing dispute over the relative contributions of nature (heredity) and nurture (environment).
- B.
Emphasizes objective observable environmental influences on overt behaviors.
- C.
Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes.
- D.
Occurs when experimental conditions influence the participants behavior or mental processes.
- E.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- 15.Random Assigment
- A.
Using change methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
- B.
An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
- C.
Scientific study in which the researcher observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find the relationships between them.
- D.
In depth study of a single research participant
- E.
Scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
- 16.Evolutionary Perspective
- A.
Process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome-as in the interaction between heredity and environment focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past comflicts. Emphasizes objective observable environmental influences on overt behaviors. Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking. Focuses on thought, perception, and information processings Empasizes on genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
- B.
Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking.
- C.
Empasizes on genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
- D.
Unifying theme of modern psychology that considers biological, psychological, and social processes.
- E.
Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes.
- 17.Sample Bias
- A.
Observation and recording of behavior in participants natural state or habitat.
- B.
Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes.
- C.
An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
- D.
Scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
- E.
Occurs when research participants are not representative of the large population.
- 18.Sociocultural Perspective
- A.
Process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome-as in the interaction between heredity and environment
- B.
Emphasizes on Social Interaction and cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes.
- C.
Informing participants after the research about the purpose of the study, the nature of the anticipated results, and any deceptions used.
- D.
Informing participants after the research about the purpose of the study, the nature of the anticipated results, and any deceptions used. Carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect. Experimental Factor manipulated to determine its causual effect on the dependant variable. Experimental Factor that is measured, it is affected by (or dependant on) the independent variable. A group receiving treatment in an experiment. A group receiving no treatment in an experiment. Occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction. Procedure in which both the researcher and the participant are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group. An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient. believing that one's culture is typical of all cultures; also, viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as central and "correct" and judging others according to this standard.
- E.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- 19.Ethnocentrism
- A.
Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past comflicts.
- B.
Believing that one's culture is typical of all cultures; also, viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as central and "correct" and judging others according to this standard.
- C.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- D.
Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes.
- E.
A number that indicates the degree and direction of a relationship between two variables.
- 20.Biopsychosocial Model
- A.
A number that indicates the degree and direction of a relationship between two variables.
- B.
Using change methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
- C.
Occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction.
- D.
Unifying theme of modern psychology that considers biological, psychological, and social processes.
- E.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- 21.Double-Blind Study
- A.
Experimental Factor manipulated to determine its causual effect on the dependant variable.
- B.
Ongoing dispute over the relative contributions of nature (heredity) and nurture (environment).
- C.
Procedure in which both the researcher and the participant are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group.
- D.
Scientific study of behanior and mental processes
- E.
Believing that one's culture is typical of all cultures; also, viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as central and "correct" and judging others according to this standard.
- 22.Applied Research
- A.
Research designed to solve practical problems.
- B.
Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past comflicts.
- C.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- D.
Process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome-as in the interaction between heredity and environment
- E.
Empasizes on genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
- 23.Hypothesis
- A.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- B.
Procedure in which both the researcher and the participant are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group.
- C.
A number that indicates the degree and direction of a relationship between two variables.
- D.
Specific prediction about how one variable relates to another.
- E.
A group receiving no treatment in an experiment.
- 24.Operational Definition
- A.
Physiologically aroused individuals make mistaken inferences about what is causing the arousal.
- B.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- C.
A number that indicates the degree and direction of a relationship between two variables.
- D.
Procedure in which both the researcher and the participant are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group.
- E.
Experimental Factor that is measured, it is affected by (or dependant on) the independent variable.
- 25.Experimental Group
- A.
Experimental Factor manipulated to determine its causual effect on the dependant variable.
- B.
A group receiving treatment in an experiment.
- C.
A group receiving no treatment in an experiment.
- D.
Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes.
- E.
Physiologically aroused individuals make mistaken inferences about what is causing the arousal.
- 26.Theory
- A.
Interelated set of concepts that explain a body of data. Informing participants after the research about the purpose of the study, the nature of the anticipated results, and any deceptions used.
- B.
Experimental Factor that is measured, it is affected by (or dependant on) the independent variable.
- C.
Interelated set of concepts that explain a body of data.
- D.
Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past comflicts.
- E.
Using change methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
- 27.Experiment
- A.
Carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.
- B.
A precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured (for example, drug abuse might be operationally defined as "the number of missed work days due to excessive use of an addictive substance.")
- C.
Physiologically aroused individuals make mistaken inferences about what is causing the arousal.
- D.
Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge. (Most Research Done is Basic)
- E.
Research methods that observe and record behavior without producing causal explanations.
- 28.Informed Consent
- A.
Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes.
- B.
An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
- C.
Participants agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect.
- D.
Research methods that observe and record behavior without producing causal explanations.
- E.
Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past comflicts.
- 29.Debriefing
- A.
An Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
- B.
Focuses on thought, perception, and information processings
- C.
Participants agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect.
- D.
A group receiving treatment in an experiment
- E.
Informing participants after the research about the purpose of the study, the nature of the anticipated results, and any deceptions used.
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