Psych 5 Midterm 3 Practice, 7/28/2010
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Psychology 5 midterm 3, 7-28-2010
- 1.As symbol systems of communication , most languages are ______________
- A.
Based on biological capabilities.
- B.
Known to have a direct relationship between words and meaning
- C.
Known to have a partially direct relationship between words and meaning.
- D.
Arbitrary in the relationship between words and meaning.
- 2.Language is a __________ of communication.
- A.
Simple system
- B.
Symbol system
- C.
Novel system
- D.
Antiquated form
- 3.The smallest units of speech that are meaningful are referred to as ________.
- A.
Morphemes
- B.
Phonemes
- C.
Context
- D.
Syntax
- 4.What is missing from the following sentence? Eggs the ham and green delicious are.
- A.
Morphemes
- B.
Syntax
- C.
Phonemes
- D.
Context
- 5.Successful communication depends on the ______________.
- A.
Quantitative abilities of the speaker.
- B.
Quantitative abilities of the listener.
- C.
Reasoning abilities of the speaker.
- D.
Reasoning abilities of the listener.
- 6.Extralinguistic information allows us to determine meaning by analyzing ___________.
- A.
Syntax
- B.
Context
- C.
Morphemes
- D.
Phonemes
- 7.Babies can hear inside the womb by the ____________.
- A.
Fifth day
- B.
Fifth week
- C.
Fifth month
- D.
Fifth year
- 8.Which of the following is true about learning language?
- A.
Children learn to comprehend new words before they say them.
- B.
Children cannot learn to comprehend new words before they say them.
- C.
Deaf people cannot learn language.
- D.
Any chimpanzee can be taught to spell its name with its tail.
- 9.Babies engage in intentional vocalizations that sound meaningful, but are not. This is referred to as ________.
- A.
Cooing
- B.
Burping
- C.
Babbling
- D.
Snoring
- 10.By the end of the first year of life, an infant will generally use only ______________.
- A.
Hand-signaling to communicate.
- B.
Infrequent grunting sounds and finger-pointing to communicate.
- C.
The phonemes of the native language of his or her mother.
- D.
The phonemes of the native language of his or her caregiver.
- 11.In non-human animals, the most common circumstances under which communication occurs are _________.
- A.
Regression and meaning
- B.
Aggression and mating
- C.
Aggression and meaning
- D.
Regression and mating
- 12.Behaviorists attempted to explain thinking in the narrow terms of ______________.
- A.
Stimulus and response
- B.
Introversion and extroversion
- C.
Acquisition and recall
- D.
Thinking and communication
- 13.If I am given 10 math problems, and I can and do solve the first 9 in the same way, I may struggle with the last problem if it requires a different method to solve it. This best illustrates the concept of _______.
- A.
Myopia
- B.
Stubbornness
- C.
Regression
- D.
Mental sets
- 14.The original purpose of the first intelligence test was to identify which children were __________.
- A.
Of exceptional intelligence to be specially trained for important careers
- B.
Most likely to develop anti-social behaviors
- C.
In need of special educational assistance
- D.
Exactly average so that all tests could be benchmarked from them
- 15.Which researcher studied the effects of sensory abilities on intelligence?
- A.
Sir Francis Galton
- B.
Walter Mischel
- C.
Sigmund Freud
- D.
Jean Piaget
- 16.Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between the brain size and intelligence?
- A.
The less the brain volume is, the higher the intelligence test scores.
- B.
The higher the brain volume is, the higher the intelligence test scores.
- C.
There is no correlation between brain size and intelligence.
- 17.Of the following, which one has the strongest correlation with intelligence?
- A.
Ability to memorize
- B.
Amount of knowledge
- C.
Speed of information processing
- D.
Amount of information processing
- 18.Which lobes of the cerebral cortex are most active on tasks involving reasoning, planning, and judgment?
- A.
Parietal
- B.
Temporal
- C.
Occipital
- D.
Frontal
- 19.Identical twins tend to have IQ correlations at 0.7, whereas fraternal twins tend to have IQ correlations of about 0.3. What do these correlations suggest?
- A.
Identical twins, nor fraternal twins, have similar IQ’s.
- B.
Identical twins have very similar IQ’s while fraternal twins do not.
- C.
Fraternal twins have very similar IQ’s while identical twins do not.
- D.
Identical twins and fraternal twins have very similar IQ’s.
- 20.General findings concerning gender differences and IQ scores reveal that compared to men, women tend to score higher on _________.
- A.
Spatial reasoning
- B.
Fractal patterning
- C.
Verbal tasks
- D.
Directional orientation
- 21.Research on stereotype threat suggests __________.
- A.
That you will do poorly in a test if you believe you will do poorly
- B.
Racial differences in IQ likely reflect societal disadvantages between groups
- C.
Is a fear that we may confirm a negative stereotype
- D.
All of the above
- 22.Psychologists believe that personality is largely the result of _______.
- A.
Multiple factors
- B.
Genetic influences
- C.
Culture of upbringing
- D.
Chance
- 23.Which theory of personality is most concerned with understanding people’s unconscious narratives?
- A.
Cognitive
- B.
Psychoanalytic
- C.
Behavioral
- D.
Structural
- 24.The idea that all psychological events have an underlying cause is better known as ___________.
- A.
Mental structuralism
- B.
Cognitive primacy
- C.
Manifest destiny
- D.
Psychic determinism
- 25.Which motto would best fit the id?
- A.
I can’t do that because it’s against the rules.
- B.
I would like to do that, but I can wait for later.
- C.
If it feels good, then do it.
- D.
If she did it, I can too.
- 26.According to Freud, the ego is the ____________.
- A.
Source of base emotions
- B.
Decision maker
- C.
Judge of morality
- 27.What structure serves as the social component of one’s personality?
- A.
Id
- B.
Ego
- C.
Superego
- 28.According to Freud, the motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences is known as _____.
- A.
Rationalization
- B.
Suppression
- C.
Denial
- D.
Internalization
- 29.Rationalization involves ________________________________.
- A.
Providing reasonable-sounding explanations for unreasonable behaviors or failures.
- B.
Providing fantastic-sounding explanations for unreasonable behaviors or failures.
- C.
Providing reasonable-sounding explanations for reasonable behaviors or successes.
- D.
Providing fantastic-sounding explanations for reasonable behaviors or successes.
- 30.Which order is correct in Freud’s psychosexual stages of development?
- A.
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital (OAPLG)
- B.
Anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital (AOPLG)
- C.
Oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital (OALPG)
- D.
Oral, anal, latency, genital, phallic (OALGP)
- 31.A Freudian psychotherapist would assert that an alcoholic is a chain-smoker is stuck in what stage of development?
- A.
Oral
- B.
Anal
- C.
Phallic
- D.
Latency
- 32.The main conflict of the anal stage comes from _________.
- A.
Toilet training
- B.
Excessive farting as a baby
- C.
Poo-smearing as a child
- D.
Bowel control during bathing
- 33.The behavioral theories tend to focus on ________.
- A.
Thinking
- B.
Communicating
- C.
Introspection
- D.
Learning
- 34.The personality theory that said people were free to choose either adaptive or self-defeating patterns is known as ___________.
- A.
Eccentrism
- B.
Egotism
- C.
Humanism
- D.
Predestination
- 35.A statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among responses on personality inventories and other measures is called ____________.
- A.
Factor analysis
- B.
Personality analysis
- C.
Human analysis
- D.
Introspection
- 36.The 1968 book Personality and Assessment was written by ______________.
- A.
Sir Francis Galton
- B.
Walter Mischel
- C.
Sigmund Freud
- D.
Jean Piaget
- 37.The key criteria for evaluating personality assessment are ____________.
- A.
Reliability and consistency
- B.
Recognition and validity
- C.
Reliability and validity
- D.
Tester and test-taker
- 38.The MMPI and MMPI-2 are personality tests designed to detect _________________.
- A.
Extraordinary intelligence
- B.
Severe mental retardation
- C.
Homicidal behaviors
- D.
Symptoms of mental disorders
- 39.The extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring is known as ________.
- A.
Face reliability
- B.
Face validity
- C.
Intrinsic validity
- D.
Intrinsic reliability
- 40.The study of how behavior changes over time is called _______________ psychology.
- A.
Chronological
- B.
Life-stage
- C.
Developmental
- D.
Incremental
- 41.Dr. Dulaney wants to study how artificial light affects the growth of his plants. He selects ten different plants at various stages of growth and records their height. What type of study is Dr. Dulaney conducting?
- A.
Longitudinal
- B.
Cross-sectional
- C.
Mixed method
- D.
Bisectional
- 42.In terms of conducting research, which of the following is a major disadvantage of the longitudinal design?
- A.
The organizational effort of testing so many different subjects.
- B.
The varying places where research must be conducted.
- C.
The time involved in completing the study.
- D.
The effect of destroying the subjects being tested.
- 43.Which research method is most suitable for studying factors that influence behavioral change over time?
- A.
Cross-sectional
- B.
Longitudinal
- C.
Mixed method
- D.
Bisectional
- 44.When attempting to understand developmental transitions that people face throughout their lifespan, which of the following research designs would be most informative?
- A.
Cross-sectional designs
- B.
Longitudinal designs
- C.
Mixed method designs
- D.
Bisectional designs
- 45.Which of the following is true concerning the nature-nurture debate?
- A.
Most researchers believe that genes and environment interact to influence behavior.
- B.
Most researchers believe that genes primarily influence behavior.
- C.
Most researchers believe that environment primarily influences behavior.
- D.
Most researchers believe that neither genes nor environment influence behavior.
- 46.The heart, lungs, and brain begin to form during the __________ period of prenatal development.
- A.
Zygotal
- B.
Blastocystal
- C.
Embryonic
- D.
Fetal
- 47.A ball of identical cells that haven’t yet begun to take on a specific function during early pregnancy is called a __________.
- A.
Zygote
- B.
Blastocyst
- C.
Embryo
- D.
Fetus
- 48.The human brain begins to develop after _______.
- A.
18 minutes
- B.
18 hours
- C.
18 days
- D.
18 weeks
- 49.In what way are the psychologists who study teratogens like homicide detectives?
- A.
Both groups often have to work backwards to identify the source of the problem.
- B.
Both groups study objects that are harmful to humans.
- C.
Both groups are employed by public companies rather than private companies.
- D.
Both groups smoke cigarettes and eat donuts.
- 50.Jean Piaget is best known for his pioneering work in the area of _________ development.
- A.
Behavioral
- B.
Psychosocial
- C.
Functional
- D.
Cognitive
- 51.According to Piaget, equilibration involves the process of _________________.
- A.
Assimilation and accommodation
- B.
Assimilation and approximation
- C.
Apprehension and accommodation
- D.
Acquisition and accommodation
- 52.What game would be difficult to play with a child lacking object permanence?
- A.
Checkers
- B.
Peek-a-boo
- C.
Hide and seek
- D.
Four-square
- 53.According to Piaget, the process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge is called ____________.
- A.
Accommodation
- B.
Assimilation
- C.
Approximation
- D.
Acquisition
- 54.The correct order of Piaget’s stages is ____________________.
- A.
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations (SPCF)
- B.
Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operations, formal operations (PSCF)
- C.
Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operations, concrete operations(SPFC)
- D.
Preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations, sensorimotor (PCFS)
- 55.The inability to view the world from any perspective either than their own is called __________.
- A.
Narcissism
- B.
Catharsism
- C.
Egocentrism
- D.
Nepotism
- 56.Three-year-old Joaquin is given a glass of water. His mother then decided to pour the water into a larger cup with a lid. Joaquin starts complaining that he has less water. He has yet to understand the theory of __________.
- A.
Approximation
- B.
Accommodation
- C.
Conservation
- D.
Liquid conversion
- 57.Which concept explains why four-year-old Jeremy thinks Mommy will definitely want the newest Power Ranger action figure for her birthday?
- A.
Narcissism
- B.
Catharsism
- C.
Egocentrism
- D.
Nepotism
- 58.The phase, or learning period, when children are receptive to learning a new skill but aren’t yet successful at it is called the ____________________.
- A.
Zone of primary development
- B.
Zone of acquisition
- C.
Zone of actual development
- D.
Zone of proximal development
- 59.According to Vygotsky, what would be the most effective way to identify a child’s level in the zone of proximal development?
- A.
Talk to the child
- B.
Observe the child
- C.
Give a test to the child
- D.
Allow the child to interact with his environment
- 60.At five year olds, Sammy is better able to understand his friends’ feelings as compared to when he was three years old. Sammy is acquiring a __________.
- A.
Theory of mind
- B.
Theory of self
- C.
Theory of sympathy
- D.
Theory of empathy
- 61.What concept from Piaget’s theory may interfere with a child’s developing theory of mind?
- A.
Catharsism
- B.
Narcissism
- C.
Egocentrism
- D.
Nepotism
- 62.Which problem might give a three-year-old the toughest time?
- A.
Asking her to compare the number of jelly beans to the number of raisins.
- B.
Asking her to compare the number of quarters to the number of pennies.
- C.
Asking her to compare the number of shoes to the number of dresses.
- D.
Asking her to compare the number of cars to the number of trucks.
- 63.Stranger anxiety is ____________.
- A.
Almost identical across cultures
- B.
Different across cultures
- C.
The same in North American cultures as in Asian cultures, only
- D.
The same in European cultures as in Asian cultures, only
- 64.Which of the following is an example of imprinting?
- A.
A young child’s behavior is influenced by peer pressure.
- B.
Young geese imitate the behavior of older siblings.
- C.
Young geese demonstrate an attachment to a round ball.
- D.
Young geese scatter away in fear when a ball approaches them.
- 65.The Halls have a brand new baby. What is the most important thing they should do to create an attachment?
- A.
Read to the infant
- B.
Hold the infant
- C.
Play with the infant
- D.
Talk to the infant
- 66.Why is it easier to form a secure attachment with an “easy” infant versus a “difficult” one?
- A.
Easy babies provide better feedback to their caregivers.
- B.
Difficult babies provide better feedback to their caregivers.
- C.
Easy babies are negative at first but quickly warm up.
- D.
Difficult babies are negative at first but quickly warm up.
- 67.The majority of children fall into one of these three temperament categories:
- A.
Easy, difficult, or slow to warm up.
- B.
Easy, difficult, or fast to warm up.
- C.
Easy, difficult, or slightly picky.
- D.
Easy, difficult, or picky.
- 68.Gender differences start occurring ___________________________.
- A.
As early as 1 day old or less
- B.
Exactly at 1 year old or less
- C.
After 1 year
- D.
As early as 1 year old or less
- 69.The transitional time between childhood and adulthood is called ________.
- A.
Puberty
- B.
Young adulthood
- C.
Adolescence
- D.
Teenage years
- 70.Erikson’s first psychosocial crisis is _________________.
- A.
Hate versus love
- B.
Trust versus mistrust
- C.
Anxiety versus empathy
- D.
Self versus community
- 71.Emotional distress about the aging process could be signs of a ___________.
- A.
Temper tantrum
- B.
Nervous breakdown
- C.
Midlife crisis
- D.
Psychotic episode
- 72.Research suggests that stress-producing events _____________.
- A.
Are universal
- B.
Occur more frequently in wealthy countries
- C.
Occur less frequently in wealthy countries
- D.
Are culturally related
- 73.Researchers view stress in the following three ways:
- A.
As stimuli, introspection, and a response
- B.
As stimuli, a transaction with the environment, introspection
- C.
As stimuli, a transaction with the environment, and a response
- D.
As stimuli, internalization, and a response
- 74.The physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people to either defend themselves or escape a dangerous situation is called _____________.
- A.
Stimulus-organism response
- B.
Sink-or-swim response
- C.
Fight-or-flight response
- D.
Playing-dead response
- 75.The body’s first shield from foreign invaders is the ______.
- A.
Hair
- B.
Nervous system
- C.
Aura
- D.
Skin
- 76.Foreign invaders to the body are also called ___________.
- A.
Teratogens
- B.
Viruses
- C.
Mutagens
- D.
Antigens
- 77.The immune system can be fortified by:
- A.
Positive emotions
- B.
Social support
- C.
Close ties to the community
- D.
Both A and B
- 78.Social support encompasses the social relations with ____________________
- A.
The immediate family
- B.
The extended family
- C.
People, groups, and the larger community.
- D.
Professional peers
- 79.Cognitive control is the ability to cognitively restructure or think differently about____________________.
- A.
Positive emotions that stem from stressful events
- B.
Negative emotions that stem from stressful events
- C.
Negative emotions that stem from all events
- D.
Positive emotions that stem from all events
- 80.Disclosing painful feelings is known as ___________.
- A.
Purging
- B.
Catharsis
- C.
Sharing with friends
- D.
Expulsion
- 81.Research on crisis debriefing and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that:
- A.
Crisis debriefing involves discussing and processing negative emotions, listing symptoms, and discouraging early discontinuation.
- B.
The risk of PTSD increases with crisis debriefing.
- C.
Both A and B are true.
- D.
None of the above are true.
- 82.A set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful events is ___________.
- A.
Endurance
- B.
Hardiness
- C.
Steadfastness
- D.
Dexterity
- 83.Which of the following factors impact an individuals ability to effectively deal with stress?
- A.
Hardiness, optimism, and spirituality
- B.
Hardiness, pessimism, and spirituality
- C.
Hardiness, optimism, and religion
- D.
Hardiness, pessimism, and religion
- 84.____________ is linked with enhanced immune functioning.
- A.
Skepticism
- B.
Euphemism
- C.
Pessimism
- D.
Optimism
- 85.Henry is an optimist. As a result, he will probably:
- A.
Live longer
- B.
Have a better job
- C.
Exhibit hardiness
- D.
Do both A and C
- 86.Which of the following is NOT one of the three keys to promoting a healthy lifestyle in all people?
- A.
Quitting smoking
- B.
Curbing alcohol consumption
- C.
Losing weight
- D.
Achieving a healthy weight
- 87.The drug that is a depressant is ___________.
- A.
LSD
- B.
Nicotine
- C.
Alcohol
- D.
Cocaine
- 88.Which class of psychoactive drugs works by increasing activity within the nervous system?
- A.
Depressants
- B.
Hallucinogens
- C.
Stimulants
- 89.Tobacco is often used to enhance feelings of ____________.
- A.
Mania
- B.
Euphoria
- C.
Anxiety
- D.
Relaxation
- 90.The most powerful natural stimulant is _________.
- A.
Alcohol
- B.
Cocaine
- C.
Nicotine
- D.
LSD
- 91.What general category of drug is used in the controlling of pain?
- A.
General anesthetics
- B.
Opiate narcotics
- C.
Antidepressants
- D.
Hallucinogens
- 92.Which type of drug could also be labeled hallucinogens?
- A.
Depressants
- B.
Psychedelics
- C.
Narcotics
- D.
Stimulants
- 93.Marijuana is often referred to as a mild hallucinogenic drug and DIFFERS from other hallucinogens in that it may also:
- A.
Elicit mild sedative effects
- B.
Result in diminished fatigue with a sense of well-being
- C.
Create alterations in perception and mood
- D.
Bring about a strong rush of pleasure
- 94.The field of psychology that integrates the behavioral sciences with the practice and science of medicine is known as:
- A.
Behavioral medicine
- B.
Behavioral integration
- C.
Psychology integration
- D.
Psychology medicine
- 95.Behavioral medicine and health psychology both ________________.
- A.
Emphasize the prevention of illness
- B.
Disregard the prevention of illness
- C.
Focus solely on the prevention of illness
- 96.What type of medicine is represented by taking an aspirin a day along with your prescribed heart medication?
- A.
Alternative
- B.
Supplemental
- C.
Complementary
- D.
Excessive
- 97.We spend the greatest amount of time engaged in what altered state of consciousness?
- A.
Sleeping
- B.
Dreaming
- C.
Awake
- D.
Confusion
- 98.When we feel drowsy late at night, it is the result of neurons that are controlled within our ___________.
- A.
Amygdala
- B.
Hypothalamus
- C.
Hippocampus
- D.
Cortex
- 99.The human circadian rhythm can be disrupted by:
- A.
Jet lag
- B.
Sleep deprivation
- C.
Working the late shift
- D.
All of the above
- 100.The human sleep cycle repeats itself approximately every:
- A.
60 minutes
- B.
90 minutes
- C.
120 minutes
- D.
4 hours
- 101.To which stage of sleep might the term passive-aggressive, in terms of the brain’s activity, apply?
- A.
Sleep stage 1
- B.
Sleep stage 2
- C.
Sleep stage 3
- D.
REM
- 102.Which of the following is a suggested treatment for insomnia?
- A.
Drink warm milk to try to get to sleep.
- B.
Consume caffeine if planning to stay up late.
- C.
Try to sleep only when tired.
- D.
Use an alarm clock to wake up in the morning.
- 103.Night terrors usually occur during:
- A.
Sleep stages 1 and 2
- B.
Sleep stages 2 and 3
- C.
Sleep stages 3 and 4
- D.
REM sleep
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