PSYC 342 Quiz 6

Sally's behavior of giving the soda machine a powerful kick after not receiving anything can be seen as an expression of frustration. Frustrative aggression refers to aggressive behavior that occurs when an individual is frustrated or prevented from achieving a goal. In this case, Sally's frustration at not getting what she wanted from the machine led her to display aggressive behavior by kicking it.

Renewal effects refer to the reappearance of a conditioned response in a different context or environment from where it was originally extinguished. In this case, Sally's fear of cats was extinguished in the psychologist's office, but when she encountered a cat in her home (a different context), her fear reappeared. This suggests that the fear response was not completely eliminated and was context-dependent, leading to the renewal of her fear in a different environment.

The overtraining extinction effect suggests that after extensive training, the process of extinction, which refers to the diminishing of a conditioned response, occurs more rapidly. This means that the learned behavior or response that was extensively trained is more likely to be forgotten or extinguished quickly compared to a behavior that was not extensively trained. This effect highlights the importance of carefully managing training and extinction processes to ensure optimal retention of learned behaviors.

Reinstatement and renewal both involve the restoration or reestablishment of something. In the context of the question, reinstatement refers to the act of restoring or reestablishing something that was previously in effect or in place. Similarly, renewal refers to the act of restoring or reestablishing something that has expired or become inactive. Therefore, renewal is the most similar term to reinstatement in this scenario.

The preponderance of evidence suggests that in extinction trials, subjects learn inhibitory S-R associations. This means that subjects learn to associate a stimulus (S) with a response (R) that is no longer reinforced or rewarded. In other words, they learn to inhibit the previously learned response. This is supported by research showing that during extinction, the frequency or strength of the response decreases over time.

Extinction procedure involves the gradual reduction or removal of a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (US). This leads to the subject learning that the CS no longer predicts the occurrence of the US. Therefore, it is likely that the subject learns that the CS and US are no longer associated. The other options - increasing the variety of responses, decreasing the number of conditioned responses, and becoming aggressive - are not typically associated with extinction procedures.

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest following extinction. However, this recovery is typically incomplete, meaning that the response does not fully return to its pre-extinction levels. This suggests that the process of extinction disrupts the original CS-US relationship, leading to a weakened association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). Therefore, the correct answer is that spontaneous recovery typically leads to incomplete recovery of responding.

To restore extinction performance, presenting cues from the extinction trials is the correct answer. This is because cues from the extinction trials help to reinforce the association between the conditioned stimulus and the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, leading to the suppression of the conditioned response. By presenting these cues again, it reminds the individual or animal of the extinction learning and helps to reinforce the new learning, thereby restoring extinction performance.

When the pigeon is no longer provided with food reinforcement after pecking the key, it will start to vary its responses. This is because the continuous schedule of reinforcement has been discontinued, and the pigeon will engage in a behavior called extinction. Extinction refers to the gradual decrease in the frequency of a previously reinforced behavior when the reinforcement is no longer provided. In this case, since the food reinforcement is no longer given, the pigeon will try out different responses in the hope of receiving the reinforcement again.

Waiting a few days before putting the hoop in the tank would be the best option to see the most responses from the fish. This is because the fish has been conditioned to associate swimming through the hoop with receiving a dried fly. However, during the week when your little brother forgot to give the fish any flies, the fish may have experienced a decrease in motivation or frustration due to the absence of the reward. By waiting a few days before reintroducing the hoop, the fish has time to forget about the lack of reward and regain its motivation, increasing the likelihood of seeing the desired behavior.