Principles Of Biology I - Exam II - Chapters 6, 7, 8
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Pittsburg State UniversityPrinciples of Biology IFall, 2010 - Exam II - Chapters 6, 7, 8Dr. Wu
- 1.
- A.
20 nm
- B.
20 mm
- C.
20 µm
- D.
200 nm
- E.
200 µm
- 2.
- A.
Transmission Electron Microscope
- B.
Scanning Electron Microscope
- C.
Light Microscope
- D.
Fischer Price Microscope
- E.
None of the above
- 3.
- A.
Transmission Electron Microscope
- B.
Scanning Electron Microscope
- C.
Light Microscope
- D.
Fischer Price Microscope
- E.
None of the above
- 4.
- A.
Bacteria, fungi, protists
- B.
Bacteria and archaea
- C.
Archaea and fungi
- D.
Protists, fungi, animals and plants
- E.
None of the above.
- 5.
- A.
Bacteria, fungi, protists
- B.
Bacteria and archaea
- C.
Archaea and fungi
- D.
Protists, fungi, animals and plants
- E.
None of the above.
- 6.Prokaryotic cells:
- A.
Do not have a nucleus
- B.
Lack membrane-bound organelles
- C.
Contain DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
- D.
Have membrane-bound organelles
- E.
Contain DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
- 7.
- A.
Contain DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
- B.
Contain DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
- C.
Lack membrane-bound organelles
- D.
Have membrane-bound organelles
- E.
Do not have a nucleus
- 8.A phospholipid has a hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tails.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.
- A.
Lysosomes
- B.
Nucleus
- C.
Mitochondrion
- D.
Cytoskeleton
- E.
Golgi apparatus
- F.
Flagella
- G.
Plasmodesmata
- H.
Centrioles
- 10.What types of cellular organelles are present in plant cells but not animal cells?
- A.
Chloroplasts
- B.
Golgi apparatus
- C.
Plasmodesmata
- D.
Mitochondrion
- E.
Centrioles
- F.
Central vacuole and tonoplast
- G.
Cell wall
- 11.
- A.
The Cytoskeleton
- B.
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
- C.
The Endomembrane System
- D.
Ribosomes
- E.
Nucleus
- 12.
- A.
Lysosomes
- B.
The Golgi Apparatus
- C.
Vacuoles
- D.
Ribosomes
- E.
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
- 13.What cellular organelle consists of microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments?
- A.
The Cytoskeleton
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
The Endomembrane System
- D.
Ribosomes
- E.
Extracellular structures
- 14.
- A.
Lysosomes
- B.
Vacuoles
- C.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- D.
The Golgi Apparatus
- E.
Actin
- 15.The nuclear envelope consists of what two membranes?
- A.
Lamina
- B.
Chromosomes
- C.
Chromatin
- D.
Pores
- E.
Nucleoli
- 16.Chromatin condenses to form discrete _______________?
- 17.
- A.
Enclose the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm
- B.
Chromosome secretion
- C.
Genetic material formation
- D.
Ribosome synthesis
- 18.Where can ribosomes be found in the cell?
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Cytosol (free)
- C.
The Golgi Apparatus
- D.
Outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope (bound)
- 19.What are some characteristics and functions of smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)?
- A.
Synthesize lipids
- B.
Membrane factory for the cell
- C.
Metabolize carbohydrates
- D.
Distributes transport vesicles
- E.
Stores calcium
- F.
Detoxifies poison
- G.
Has bound ribosomes, studding its surface
- H.
Lacks ribosomes
- 20.What are characteristics and functions of rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)?
- A.
Synthesize lipids
- B.
Membrane factory for the cell
- C.
Metabolize carbohydrates
- D.
Distributes transport vesicles
- E.
Stores Calcium
- F.
Detoxifies poison
- G.
Has bound ribosomes, studding its surface
- H.
Lacks ribosomes
- 21.Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for what percentage of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells?
- A.
>20%
- B.
>30%
- C.
>40%
- D.
>50%
- E.
>60%
- 22.Smooth ER and Rough ER are the two distinct regions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.
- A.
Metabolizes carbohydrates
- B.
Stores calcium
- C.
Modifies products of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- D.
Synthesizes the production of proteins
- E.
Manufactures certain macromolecules
- F.
Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
- 24.The trans face is the "receiving" side of the Golgi apparatus and the cis face is the "shipping" side of the Golgi apparatus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.Sacs of flattened membranous sacs are called ______________?
- 26.Lysosomes are the digestive compartments of the cell.
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 27.A lysosome is a membranous sac of hydrolitic enzymes that can digest what?
- A.
Food, by hydrolyzing proteins, fats, polysaccharides & nucleic acids (phagocytosis)
- B.
Damaged organelles and macromolecules (autophagy)
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Chromatin
- 28.A food vacuole:
- A.
Is formed by phagocytosis
- B.
Is found in many freshwater protists and pumps excess water out of cells
- C.
Is found in many mature plant cells and holds organic compounds and water
- 29.A contractile vacuole:
- A.
Is formed by phagocytosis
- B.
Is found in many freshwater protists and pumps excess water out of cells
- C.
Is found in many mature plant cells and holds organic compounds and water
- D.
None of the above
- 30.A central vacuole:
- A.
Is formed by phagocytosis
- B.
Is found in many freshwater protists and pumps excess water out of cells
- C.
Is found in many mature plant cells and holds organic compounds and water
- D.
None of the above
- 31.What are the characteristics and functions of mitochondria?
- A.
Present in almost all eukaryotic cells
- B.
Have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae
- C.
Present in almost all prokaryotic cells
- D.
Inner membrane consists of of two compartments: intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
- E.
Cristae present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP
- F.
Capture light energy
- G.
Used for energy conversion
- 32.What are the primary components of chloroplasts?
- A.
Chromatin, cytosol
- B.
Thylakoids (stacked to form grana), stroma
- C.
Cisternae, chromatin
- D.
Thylakoids (stacked to form grana), cisternae
- E.
Stroma, chromatin
- 33.___________ are used to capture light energy.
- 34.The ________________ is known as the cellular highway system, consisting of a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm.
- 35.
- A.
Protein synthesis
- B.
Cellular support
- C.
Digestion
- D.
Motility - highway system
- E.
Light energy capture
- F.
Regulation of biochemical activities
- 36.What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?
- A.
Chromatin, microtubules and actin filaments
- B.
Microtubules, actin filaments and cisternae
- C.
Vacuoles, intermediate filaments and actin filaments
- D.
Microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments
- E.
None of the above.
- 37.
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 38.Actin filaments consist of two solid intertwined strands of actin, each a polymer of actin subunits approximately 7 nm in size and are responsible for cell shape, muscle contraction, cell mobility and cell division.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.Plant cells have centrosomes but no centrioles.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 40.The __________________ is the microtubule-organizing center.
- 41.Plasmodesmata are channels between adjacent plant cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 42.What are the functions of the ECM (extracellular matrix) of animal cells?
- A.
Waste disposal
- B.
Support
- C.
Cellular shape
- D.
Adhesion
- E.
Movement
- F.
Motility
- G.
Regulation
- 43.Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate ECM (extracellular matrix).
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.What are the functions of tight junctions in animal cells?
- A.
Membranes of neighbouring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
- B.
Fasten cells together into strong sheets
- C.
Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
- D.
None of the above
- 45.What are the functions of Desmosomes in animal cells?
- A.
Membranes of neighbouring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
- B.
Fasten cells together into strong sheets
- C.
Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
- D.
None of the above
- 46.What are the functions of gap junctions in animal cells?
- A.
Membranes of neighbouring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
- B.
Fasten cells together into strong sheets
- C.
Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
- D.
None of the above
- 47.The general structure of a biological membrane is a single layer of phospholipids.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.How often do phospholipids in the plasma membrane move in a lateral direction?
- A.
~ once per month
- B.
~ once per day
- C.
~ 10E7 times/second
- D.
~ 10E4 times/second
- E.
Never
- 49.How often do phospholipids in the plasma membrane flip-flop?
- A.
Never
- B.
~ 10E7 times/second
- C.
~ 10E4 times/second
- D.
~ once per day
- E.
~ once per month
- 50.What are the six major functions of membrane proteins?
- A.
Ribosome secretion
- B.
Transport
- C.
Waste recycling
- D.
Enzymatic Activity
- E.
Signal Transduction
- F.
Motility
- G.
Cell-cell recognition
- H.
Intercellular joining
- I.
Attachment to the Cytoskeleton & ECM
- J.
Chromatin production
- 51.Water is a ______ solvent.
- A.
Polar
- B.
Non-polar
- C.
Liquid
- D.
Flammable
- E.
Covalent
- 52.Water can dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules and large polar molecules such as proteins (if they have ionic and polar regions)
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 53.__________ proteins allow passage of __________ substances across the membrane and is specific for the substance it moves.
- A.
Enzymatic, hydrophobic
- B.
Transport, hydrophobic
- C.
Transport, hydrophilic
- D.
Enzymatic, hydrophilic
- E.
None of the above.
- 54.__________ proteins have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel. __________ proteins bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane.
- A.
Carrier, Enzymatic
- B.
Channel, Enzymatic
- C.
Carrier, Channel
- D.
Channel, carrier
- E.
None of the above.
- 55.The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane is passive transport because it requires __________ energy from the cell to occur.
- A.
Some
- B.
Great amounts of
- C.
Little
- D.
Zero
- E.
None of the above.
- 56.The tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space based on concentration without additional work is known as:
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
Osmosis
- C.
Motility
- D.
Transport
- E.
None of the above.
- 57.The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to the region of higher solute concentration is known as:
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
Osmosis
- C.
Motility
- D.
Transport
- E.
None of the above.
- 58.A hypertonic solution is one in which the solute concentration is __________ that inside the cell, causing the cell to __________ water.
- A.
Less than, lose
- B.
Greater than, lose
- C.
Less than, gain
- D.
Greater than, gain
- E.
None of the above.
- 59.A hypotonic solution is one in which the solute concentration is __________ that inside the cell, causing the cell to __________ water.
- A.
Less than, lose
- B.
Greater than, lose
- C.
Less than, gain
- D.
Greater than, gain
- E.
None of the above.
- 60.An isotonic solution is one whose concentration is __________ that inside the cell, causing the cell to __________ water.
- A.
Equal to, gain
- B.
Equal to, lose
- C.
Greater than, lose
- D.
Less than, gain
- E.
Equal to, neither gain nor lose
- 61.In plasmolysis, the membrane pulls away from the cell wall when in a __________ environment.
- A.
Hypertonic
- B.
Hypotonic
- C.
Isotonic
- D.
None of the above.
- 62.A plant cell swells until the wall opposes uptake and is now turgid. This cell is most likely in a __________ solution.
- A.
Hypertonic
- B.
Hypotonic
- C.
Isotonic
- D.
None of the above.
- 63.If an animal cell and its surroundings are isotonic, there is no net movement of water into the cell; the cell becomes flaccid (limp), and may wilt.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 64.The process by which transport is aided by transport proteins which speed movement of molecules across the plasma membrane is known as?
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
Facilitated diffusion
- C.
Osmosis
- D.
Facilitated osmosis
- E.
None of the above.
- 65.__________ proteins provide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane. __________ proteins alternate between two conformations, undergoing a subtle change in shape that translocates the solute-binding site across the membrane.
- A.
Carrier, transport
- B.
Transport, channel
- C.
Carrier, channel
- D.
Channel, carrier
- E.
Channel, Transport
- 66.__________ transport uses energy (usually in the form of ATP) to move solutes ___________ their concentration gradient, thus allowing cells to maintain concentration gradients that differ from their surroundings.
- A.
Active, down
- B.
Passive, down
- C.
Active, against
- D.
Passive, against
- E.
None of the above.
- 67.Diffusion is spontaneous and allows hydrophilic molecules to permeate a phospholipid membrane. Facilitated diffusion has a greatly increased rate and allows hydrophobic substances to permeate a phospholipid membrane.
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 68.What are the three types of endocytosis (the reverse of exocytosis)?
- A.
Receptor-mediated
- B.
Transport
- C.
Phagocytosis
- D.
Pinocytosis
- E.
Motorcytosis
- 69.__________ is "cellular eating". __________ is "cellular drinking".
- A.
Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis
- B.
Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis
- C.
Exocytosis, Endocytosis
- D.
Endocytosis, Exocytosis
- E.
None of the above.
- 70.The binding of ligands to receptors triggers vesicle formation. This is known as receptor-mediated endocytosis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 71.At ___________ temperatures, such as 37ºC, cholesterol restrains movement of phospholipids.At ___________ temperatures, cholesterol maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing.
- A.
Warm, cool
- B.
Hot, cold
- C.
Cold, hot
- D.
Cool, warm
- 72.A __________ substance has an affinity for water (ionic or polar) and cannot move through lipids.A __________ substance does not have an affinity for water (nonionic and non-polar), and can move through lipids.
- A.
Hydrophobic, hydrophilic
- B.
Hydrophilic, hydrophobic
- C.
Hydrophobic, hygroscopic
- D.
Hygroscopic, hydrophilic
- E.
None of the above.
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