Physical Geology Quiz: An Overview Of Sedimentary Rocks
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How good your physical geology is? Do you know an overview of sedimentary rock? If all your answer is yes, then take up the quiz below and check how sharp your memory is. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of the mineral particles at Erath's surface. The most common form of these rocks is chalk, limestone, clay, and shale. The following quiz consists of some basic questions related to sedimentary rocks. If you know enough about these rocks, try the quiz and see for yourself.
- 1.Sedimentary rocks are formed by…
- A.
Uplift, folding, and subsidence
- B.
Molten rock material gluing particles together
- C.
Deposition, cross-cutting, inclusion, and continuity
- D.
Weathering, transport, deposition, and lithification
- 2.Why is quartz a more common mineral at the beach than feldspar?
- A.
Feldspar resists transport
- B.
There is more quartz produced in the mountains
- C.
Feldspar breaks down chemically more easily than quartz
- D.
Feldspar is pink and white, quartz is clear
- 3.What causes frost wedging?
- A.
Oxidation in cold climates forces cracks to widen
- B.
Water expands 9% when it freezes and widens cracks in rocks
- C.
Rocks fall into gaps and wedge apart talus
- D.
Minerals expand at different rates when heated
- 4.What is the relationship between physical and chemical weathering? Rapid physical weathering________
- A.
Tends to reduce the rate of chemical weathering
- B.
Does not affect the rate of chemical weathering
- C.
Chemical weathering and mechanical weathering are independent of each other
- D.
Tends to increase the rate of chemical weathering
- 5.How do water and carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolve limestone?
- A.
They expand when frozen
- B.
They combine to form carbonic acid which dissolves rocks
- C.
They reduce the space needed for limestone crystals causing the rock to fall apart
- D.
They convert the limestone to marble
- 6.Which of the common rock forming minerals listed is least resistant to chemical weathering:
- A.
Pyroxene
- B.
Quartz
- C.
Olivine
- D.
Potassium feldspar
- 7.Which of these rocks would you expect to weather the fastest?
- A.
Rhyolite
- B.
Basalt
- C.
Andesite
- D.
Granite
- 8.What are the end products of weathering granite?
- A.
Feldspar, biotite and ions
- B.
Quartz, clay and ions
- C.
Pedalfers, pedocals and laterites
- D.
Calcite, halite and iron
- 9.Which soil horizon contains the most humus?
- A.
A horizon
- B.
B horizon
- C.
O horizon
- D.
C horizon
- 10.Which soil horizon is the zone of enrichment?
- A.
A horizon
- B.
C horizon
- C.
O horizon
- D.
B horizon
- 11.What is a clastic rock?
- A.
A rock made of coal
- B.
A rock that forms from a melt
- C.
A rock made of particles cemented together
- D.
A rock that is made of elements precipitated in the ocean
- 12.What does bedload consist of?
- A.
Particles rolling, sliding, and bouncing on the bottom
- B.
Dissolved material
- C.
Particles suspended in the water column
- D.
Ions suspended in the water column
- 13.How large is silt?
- A.
1/16 – 2 mm
- B.
64 – 256 mm
- C.
2 – 64 mm
- D.
1/256 – 1/16 mm
- 14.What is laminar flow?
- A.
Flow in which streamlines do not cross
- B.
Flow with extensive mixing of fluid
- C.
Flow in which streamlines cross
- D.
Flow that is chaotic
- 15.According to the Hjulstrom’s diagram what particles require faster fluid velocities to erode?
- A.
Sand and silt
- B.
Large particles and cohesive clays
- C.
Sand
- D.
Silt
- 16.Dissolved load consists of…
- A.
Ions in solution
- B.
Large particles that are rolling on the bottom
- C.
Larger particles that bounce along the bottom
- D.
Fine particles that are dispersed in the flow
- 17.What is roundness?
- A.
The degree to which sediment grains resemble spheres
- B.
A measure of the sharpness of a particle's edges and corners
- C.
The largest grain size in a sample
- D.
The range in grain sizes
- 18.A chemically mature sediment?
- A.
Contains abundant olivine
- B.
Has little or no quartz
- C.
Probably had not been transported far
- D.
Contains mostly quartz grains
- 19.An arkose is?
- A.
Chemically immature
- B.
Angular
- C.
A type of bedding
- D.
A siliciclastic rock that only contains silt
- 20.Compaction can effectively cement which sediment?
- A.
Sand
- B.
Pebbles
- C.
Clay
- D.
Gravel
- 21.What is bedding?
- A.
Wavy ridges in sediments
- B.
Flat layers in sedimentary rocks
- C.
Units that are coarser at the top and finer at bottom
- D.
Layers tilted with respect to the main layer
- 22.What do mudcracks tell us about the environment of deposition?
- A.
There was a water current
- B.
Deposition was very fast
- C.
It periodically dried out
- D.
It was at the bottom of a lake
- 23.What is a chemical sedimentary rock
- A.
A rock made of particles, mostly quartz and clay
- B.
A rock made from ions that were concentrated and precipitated
- C.
A type of quartz
- D.
A rock made of clay
- 24.What is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock?
- A.
Limestone
- B.
Chert
- C.
Rock salt
- D.
Coal
- 25.Where do reefs form?
- A.
In warm water far from a clastic source
- B.
Near mountains that provide food
- C.
In cold shallow water with a strong undertow
- D.
Near the mouths of major rivers
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