A Microbiology Knowledge Test About Viruses
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Microbiology is a study field of various microorganisms, collectively known as microbes. These can range from various viruses to bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc. This test is particularly based on viruses and the diseases or syndromes caused by them. So, how much do you know about this field? Take this test and see for yourself!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
...................discovered an animal virus causes foot and mouth disease in cattle.
- A.
Ivanovski and Beijerinck
- B.
Loeffler and Frosch
- C.
Pasteur
Correct Answer
B. Loeffler and FroschExplanation
Loeffler and Frosch discovered that an animal virus causes foot and mouth disease in cattle.Rate this question:
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- 2.
.........................showed that a disease in tobacco was caused by a virus.
- A.
Ivanovski and Beijerinck
- B.
Loeffler and Frosch
Correct Answer
A. Ivanovski and BeijerinckExplanation
Ivanovski and Beijerinck showed that a disease in tobacco was caused by a virus.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Viruses range in size from:
- A.
400-1000 nm
- B.
10-100 μm
- C.
400-1000 nm
- D.
20-450 nm
Correct Answer
D. 20-450 nmExplanation
Viruses are known to vary in size, with the smallest ones measuring around 20 nanometers (nm) and the largest ones measuring up to 450 nm. This size range allows viruses to be smaller than most bacteria and other microorganisms, making them capable of infecting these larger organisms. The given answer, "20-450 nm," accurately represents the size range of viruses.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Smallest viruses are .......... which are around 20 nm in diameter.
- A.
Parvoviruses
- B.
mimiviruses
Correct Answer
A. ParvovirusesExplanation
Parvoviruses are the smallest viruses, with a diameter of around 20 nm. This means that they are smaller in size compared to other viruses, such as mimiviruses. Parvoviruses are known for their small size and simple structure, consisting of a single-stranded DNA genome enclosed in a protein coat. They can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, and can cause various diseases. Due to their small size, parvoviruses are able to penetrate cells easily, making them efficient at infecting their hosts.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Largest viruses are .......... which are around 450 nm in diameter.
- A.
Parvoviruses
- B.
Mimiviruses
Correct Answer
B. MimivirusesExplanation
Mimiviruses are the largest viruses, with a diameter of around 450 nm. They were discovered in 2003 and are known for their large genome size, which is comparable to some bacteria. Mimiviruses are found in amoebae and have complex structures, resembling small bacteria rather than typical viruses. They have a unique replication cycle and are considered to be a bridge between viruses and cellular life forms.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell:
- A.
Virion
- B.
Prion
- C.
Bacteriaphage
Correct Answer
A. VirionExplanation
A virion is the correct answer because it refers to a fully formed virus that is capable of infecting a host cell. A virion consists of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. It is the infectious form of a virus and can enter a host cell to replicate and cause infection. Prion refers to an infectious protein particle, while bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Naked viruses consist only of a nucleocapsid
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Naked viruses are a type of virus that lack an outer envelope or membrane. They consist only of a nucleocapsid, which is the genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. This capsid protects the genetic material and aids in the virus's attachment to host cells. Therefore, the statement "Naked viruses consist only of a nucleocapsid" is true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A common polyhedral capsid shape of viruses is a:
- A.
Icosahedron
- B.
Pentagon
- C.
Helical
- D.
Pyramid
Correct Answer
A. IcosahedronExplanation
The correct answer is Icosahedron. An icosahedron is a polyhedron with 20 equilateral triangular faces. In the context of viruses, the icosahedral shape is a common capsid shape. The capsid is the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus. The icosahedral shape allows for efficient packaging of the genetic material and provides stability to the virus. This shape is found in many viruses, including the common cold and herpes viruses.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following virus is a naked virus and has a helical structure?
- A.
TMV
- B.
Influenza
- C.
Measles
- D.
Rabies
Correct Answer
A. TMVExplanation
TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) is a naked virus with a helical structure. Naked viruses lack an outer envelope, making them more resistant to disinfectants and environmental conditions. TMV has a rod-shaped helical structure, which is characteristic of many plant viruses. In contrast, Influenza, measles, and rabies are all enveloped viruses, meaning they have an outer lipid membrane derived from the host cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following virus is helical and has an enveloped?
- A.
Measles
- B.
Influenza
- C.
Rabies
- D.
All the above
Correct Answer
D. All the aboveExplanation
All the viruses mentioned in the options, namely measles, influenza, and rabies, are helical in shape and have an enveloped structure. The helical shape refers to the spiral-like structure of the virus, while the envelope signifies the presence of a lipid membrane surrounding the viral particle. Therefore, all the given options meet the criteria of being helical and enveloped viruses.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following viruses are Icosahedral with an enveloped?
- A.
Hep B
- B.
Herpes virus
- C.
A and B
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. A and BExplanation
Both Hep B and Herpes virus are icosahedral viruses with an enveloped. The icosahedral shape refers to the geometric shape of the virus, which is composed of 20 equilateral triangular faces. The envelope refers to a lipid bilayer that surrounds the virus, which is derived from the host cell membrane. Both Hep B and Herpes virus possess these characteristics, making them the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The envelope of a virus is derived from the host’s...
- A.
Genome
- B.
Cell membrane, nuclear envelope or endoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Cytoplasm
- D.
Glycoprotein
Correct Answer
B. Cell membrane, nuclear envelope or endoplasmic reticulumExplanation
The envelope of a virus is derived from the host's cell membrane, nuclear envelope, or endoplasmic reticulum. This means that when a virus infects a host cell, it can acquire a portion of the host's cell membrane, nuclear envelope, or endoplasmic reticulum, which then becomes part of the virus's envelope. This envelope plays a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect other cells and evade the host's immune system. It contains viral proteins, including glycoproteins, that help the virus attach to and enter host cells.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Hep B carry
- A.
4 genes
- B.
100 of genes
Correct Answer
A. 4 genes -
- 14.
Herpes virus carry
- A.
100 genes
- B.
4 genes
Correct Answer
A. 100 genesExplanation
The herpes virus carries 100 genes.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A positive-strand RNA virus:
- A.
Must first be converted to a mRNA before it can be translated.
- B.
Can be used directly to translate viral proteins.
- C.
Is not recognized by host ribosomes.
- D.
Will be degraded by host enzymes.
Correct Answer
B. Can be used directly to translate viral proteins.Explanation
A positive-strand RNA virus can be used directly to translate viral proteins because it carries the genetic information in the same orientation as the host cell's mRNA. This allows the host cell's ribosomes to recognize and translate the viral RNA into viral proteins without the need for any conversion or modification.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A negative sense /strand RNA virus
- A.
Must be converted to positive strand/sense to make mRNA
- B.
Can be used directly to translate viral proteins.
- C.
Must first be converted to a mRNA before it can be translated.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Must be converted to positive strand/sense to make mRNAExplanation
A negative sense/strand RNA virus must be converted to a positive strand/sense in order to make mRNA. This is because the viral proteins are synthesized using mRNA, and the viral genome is in the form of negative sense RNA. Therefore, the negative sense RNA must first be converted to a positive sense strand, which can then serve as a template for mRNA synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Enveloped viruses can bud from:
- A.
Nuclear envelope
- B.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
All the above
Correct Answer
D. All the aboveExplanation
Enveloped viruses have a lipid bilayer envelope derived from the host cell membrane. This envelope allows the virus to bud off from the host cell, acquiring the membrane as it does so. The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell membrane are all potential sites for the budding of enveloped viruses. Therefore, the correct answer is "All the above".Rate this question:
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- 18.
A virus obtains its envelope during which of the following phases?
- A.
Attachment
- B.
Penetration
- C.
Assembly
- D.
Release
Correct Answer
D. ReleaseExplanation
During the release phase, a virus obtains its envelope. This is the final stage of the viral life cycle, where the newly formed viral particles are released from the host cell. The envelope is acquired as the virus buds off from the host cell membrane or from intracellular membranes. The envelope is derived from the host cell's membrane and contains viral proteins that help the virus evade the immune system and facilitate infection of new host cells.Rate this question:
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- 19.
How long does it take for rubella syndrome to occur?
- A.
First trimester
- B.
Second trimester
- C.
Third trimester
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. First trimesterExplanation
Rubella syndrome refers to the set of birth defects that can occur in a baby if the mother contracts rubella (German measles) during pregnancy. The correct answer is "first trimester" because it is during this period, which lasts from conception to week 12 of pregnancy, that the baby is most vulnerable to the harmful effects of rubella. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella during the first trimester, there is a higher risk of the baby developing congenital rubella syndrome, which can lead to various complications such as hearing loss, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Blueberry Muffin Syndrome is a rare neonatal skin disorder caused by
- A.
Rubella virus
- B.
Measles
- C.
Mumps
Correct Answer
A. Rubella virusExplanation
Blueberry Muffin Syndrome is a rare neonatal skin disorder caused by the rubella virus. Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection that can cause various complications during pregnancy. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus, leading to congenital rubella syndrome. One of the manifestations of this syndrome is Blueberry Muffin Syndrome, characterized by the presence of small, raised, red or purple spots on the baby's skin. These spots resemble blueberries, hence the name of the syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Centripetal rash appearing initially on the extremities. and spreading to back, torso, and face, but sparing palms, soles, genitalia, and mucous membranes is seen in infection cause by –
- A.
Rubella
- B.
Varicella zoster virus (chicken pox)
- C.
Mumps
- D.
Measles
Correct Answer
B. Varicella zoster virus (chicken pox)Explanation
The correct answer is varicella zoster virus (chicken pox). Chickenpox is characterized by a centripetal rash that starts on the extremities and spreads to the back, torso, and face. However, it spares the palms, soles, genitalia, and mucous membranes. Rubella, mumps, and measles may cause rashes, but they do not exhibit the same pattern of spreading or sparing specific areas as seen in chickenpox.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Why chicken pox need a double dose?
- A.
Because it’s a live vaccine
- B.
Doesnt need a double dose
- C.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Because it’s a live vaccineExplanation
Chickenpox vaccine is a live vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the virus. Live vaccines often require a double dose to ensure maximum effectiveness. The first dose helps the immune system recognize and respond to the virus, while the second dose boosts the immune response and provides long-lasting protection. This double dose approach helps to ensure that the vaccine provides adequate immunity against chickenpox.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Hep D causes coinfection with Hep B because Hep D alone cant cause the disease
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hepatitis D (Hep D) is a viral infection that can only occur in individuals who are already infected with Hepatitis B (Hep B). Hep D is considered a coinfection because it requires the presence of Hep B to cause the disease. Hep D alone cannot cause the disease, which is why it is necessary for a person to have Hep B in order to be at risk for Hep D. Therefore, the statement that Hep D causes coinfection with Hep B because Hep D alone can't cause the disease is true.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect?
- A.
Transformation
- B.
Cell fusion
- C.
Mononucleated cell
- D.
Inclusion bodies
Correct Answer
C. Mononucleated cellExplanation
A mononucleated cell is not considered a cytopathic effect. Cytopathic effects refer to visible changes in cells caused by viral infections or other factors. Transformation, cell fusion, and inclusion bodies are all examples of cytopathic effects. However, a mononucleated cell simply refers to a cell with a single nucleus, which is a normal characteristic and not indicative of any specific cytopathic effect.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following does a virus lack? Select all that apply.
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Metabolic processes
- C.
Nucleic acid
- D.
Glycoprotein
- E.
Both A and B
Correct Answer
E. Both A and BExplanation
A virus lacks ribosomes and metabolic processes. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, which viruses cannot perform on their own and instead rely on host cells to replicate. Metabolic processes involve the conversion of nutrients into energy, which viruses also cannot carry out independently. Therefore, viruses require a host cell to provide these essential components for their survival and reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 26.
.The component(s) of a virus that is/are extended from the envelope for attachment is/are the:
- A.
Capsomeres
- B.
Spikes
- C.
Nucleic acid
- D.
Viral whiskers
Correct Answer
B. SpikesExplanation
Spikes are the component(s) of a virus that extend from the envelope for attachment. These spikes are protein structures that protrude from the viral envelope and help the virus attach to host cells. They play a crucial role in the initial stages of infection by binding to specific receptors on the surface of host cells, allowing the virus to enter and infect the cell. Spikes are found in various types of viruses, including coronaviruses, which have gained significant attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Rate this question:
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- 27.
. For lytic viruses, _________________ is a phase during a viral growth curve when the virus is not detected.
- A.
Eclipse
- B.
Tail fibers
- C.
Cytopathic effect
Correct Answer
A. EclipseExplanation
During the eclipse phase of a viral growth curve, the virus is not detected because it is inside the host cell and has not yet started replicating. This phase occurs after the virus has entered the host cell and released its genetic material, but before new viral particles are assembled and released. The eclipse phase is characterized by the absence of viral particles in the extracellular environment, as they are still in the process of being synthesized within the host cell.Rate this question:
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- 28.
. The ____________ _____________ on the bacteriophage allow for binding to the bacterial cell.
- A.
Capsid
- B.
Tail fibers
- C.
Capsomere
- D.
Nucleic acid
Correct Answer
B. Tail fibersExplanation
The tail fibers on the bacteriophage are responsible for binding to the bacterial cell.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Cell abnormalities resulting from a viral infection are called ____________ _____________.
- A.
Budding
- B.
Release
- C.
Cytopathic effect
Correct Answer
C. Cytopathic effectExplanation
Cell abnormalities resulting from a viral infection are called cytopathic effect. This refers to the structural and functional changes that occur in the infected cells as a result of viral replication. Viruses can cause various changes in infected cells, such as cell death, cell fusion, inclusion bodies formation, and changes in cell morphology. These cytopathic effects can be observed under a microscope and are important for diagnosing viral infections.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Binding of the virus spikes to specific receptor on host cell is referred to as
- A.
Tropism
- B.
Parasitism
- C.
Attachment
- D.
Binding
Correct Answer
A. TropismExplanation
Tropism refers to the binding of the virus spikes to a specific receptor on the host cell. This interaction allows the virus to attach itself to the host cell and initiate the infection process. It is an essential step for the virus to enter the host cell and replicate. Parasitism refers to a relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another, which is not applicable in this context. Attachment and binding are related to the process of tropism, but they do not fully capture the specificity and interaction between the virus spikes and the host cell receptor.Rate this question:
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- 31.
All the above are function of the capsid or envelop except
- A.
to protect the nucleic acid genome from damage during the extracellular passage of the virus from one cell to another
- B.
To aid in the process of entry into the cell
- C.
in some cases to package enzymes essential for the early steps of the infection process
- D.
All the above
Correct Answer
D. All the aboveExplanation
The capsid or envelop of a virus has multiple functions. It protects the nucleic acid genome from damage during the extracellular passage of the virus, aids in the process of entry into the cell, and in some cases, packages enzymes essential for the early steps of the infection process. Therefore, all the options mentioned in the question (protecting the nucleic acid genome, aiding in cell entry, packaging enzymes) are functions of the capsid or envelop.Rate this question:
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- 32.
RNA viruses replicated and assembled in the
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Cell membrane
- C.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
A. CytoplasmExplanation
RNA viruses replicate and assemble in the cytoplasm because they lack the necessary machinery to do so in the nucleus. Unlike DNA viruses, which can utilize the host cell's nucleus for replication, RNA viruses carry their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme that allows them to replicate their RNA genome in the cytoplasm. Additionally, the assembly of new viral particles also occurs in the cytoplasm, where the viral proteins and RNA come together to form mature viruses. Therefore, the cytoplasm serves as the primary site for replication and assembly of RNA viruses.Rate this question:
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- 33.
DNA viruses replicated and assembled in the
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Nucleus
- C.
Cell membrane
Correct Answer
B. NucleusExplanation
DNA viruses replicate and assemble in the nucleus because they require the host cell's machinery, such as enzymes and transcription factors, which are predominantly located in the nucleus. The viral DNA enters the nucleus and utilizes the host cell's DNA replication and transcription machinery to replicate and transcribe its genetic material. Once replication and transcription are complete, the viral components are assembled in the nucleus before being released from the host cell. This process allows the virus to effectively utilize the host cell's resources and machinery for its own replication and survival.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Cytopathic Effects (CPEs): virus induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Cytopathic Effects (CPEs) refer to the damage caused to cells by a virus, resulting in a change in their microscopic appearance. This can include various alterations such as cell death, changes in cell shape, size, and structure, the formation of inclusion bodies, and the disruption of cellular functions. These effects are characteristic of viral infections and can be observed under a microscope. Therefore, the statement that CPEs are virus-induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance is true.Rate this question:
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- 35.
An example of a latent viral infection is Select one:
- A.
Cold sores (Herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses)
- B.
Mumps
- C.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- D.
Chicken pox
Correct Answer
A. Cold sores (Herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses)Explanation
Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses. These viruses can remain dormant in the body for long periods of time without causing any symptoms. However, they can become active and cause cold sores when triggered by factors such as stress, illness, or sun exposure. This is an example of a latent viral infection, where the virus remains in the body in a dormant state and can reactivate later to cause symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Viruses that incorporate into the DNA of the host, eg of which is the Measles virus is known as
- A.
Provirus
- B.
Latent virus
- C.
Previrus
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. ProvirusExplanation
A provirus is a virus that has incorporated its genetic material into the DNA of the host cell. The Measles virus is an example of a provirus. This means that the viral DNA becomes a permanent part of the host cell's DNA and can be passed on to daughter cells during cell division. The provirus remains dormant within the host cell until it is activated to produce new virus particles. This allows the virus to persist within the host for long periods of time.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 02, 2021Quiz Created by
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