Viruses, Identification Of (Ab) (Cb)

Colds, hepatitis, and polio are all caused by a specific viral group known as picornaviruses. Picornaviruses are a family of small, single-stranded RNA viruses that are responsible for a variety of illnesses in humans. They are characterized by their ability to cause respiratory infections (such as the common cold), liver inflammation (hepatitis), and paralysis (polio). Therefore, picornaviruses are the correct viral group responsible for these diseases.

Coronaviruses are a viral group that have a helical shape surrounded by lollipop-shaped proteins. The helical shape refers to the structure of the viral genome, which is a long, coiled strand of RNA. The lollipop-shaped proteins are spike proteins that protrude from the viral envelope, giving the virus its characteristic appearance. These spike proteins play a crucial role in viral entry into host cells and are also the target of many vaccines and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, coronaviruses fit the description of having a helical shape surrounded by lollipop-shaped proteins.

Parvoviruses are responsible for causing the Fifth Disease, also known as erythema infectiosum. This viral group includes the human parvovirus B19, which is the most common cause of the Fifth Disease. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and can lead to symptoms such as a "slapped cheek" rash, fever, and joint pain. Parvoviruses primarily affect children, but can also infect adults.

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is indeed a disease caused by the Coronavirus viral group. The statement is correct because SARS is caused by a specific type of coronavirus called SARS-CoV. This virus was responsible for a global outbreak in 2002-2003, resulting in severe respiratory illness and even death in some cases. Therefore, it is accurate to say that SARS is caused by the Coronavirus viral group.

Orthomyxoviruses are a viral group that causes Influenza A, B, and C. These viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are known for causing respiratory infections in humans and animals. Influenza A is the most common type and is responsible for seasonal flu outbreaks, as well as occasional pandemics. Influenza B and C are less common, with Influenza B causing milder symptoms and Influenza C usually causing mild respiratory illness. Understanding that orthomyxoviruses are responsible for these types of influenza helps in identifying and developing appropriate prevention and treatment strategies.

Respiratory infections are caused by a specific viral group known as adenoviruses. Adenoviruses are a common cause of respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, bronchitis, and pneumonia. These viruses can be transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Adenoviruses can affect people of all ages and can lead to symptoms such as cough, sore throat, runny nose, fever, and difficulty breathing. It is important to note that while adenoviruses are a significant cause of respiratory infections, there are other viral groups that can also cause similar illnesses.

Fifth disease and roseola are both viral infections caused by parvoviruses. Parvoviruses are a group of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that can infect humans. Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is characterized by a distinctive rash on the face and body. Roseola, on the other hand, is a common childhood illness that causes high fever followed by a rash. Both of these illnesses are caused by different strains of parvoviruses and are commonly found within this viral group.

Poxviruses are responsible for causing smallpox. Smallpox is a highly contagious viral infection that is caused by the variola virus, which belongs to the poxvirus family. Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Smallpox was a significant global health threat until it was eradicated through a successful vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization in 1980.

Cold sores and genital sores are both caused by the herpesviruses. Herpesviruses are a group of viruses that can cause various diseases in humans, including cold sores (caused by herpes simplex virus type 1) and genital sores (caused by herpes simplex virus type 2). These viruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person. They can cause painful sores or blisters on the affected area and can recur periodically. Treatment options include antiviral medications to manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks.

Rhabdoviruses have RNA as their genetic material. RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid that carries genetic information. Linear RNA means that the RNA molecule is not circular but has a linear structure. This is in contrast to circular RNA, which forms a closed loop. Rhabdoviruses, like other RNA viruses, use their RNA genome to replicate and produce viral proteins.

The statement is false because the papovaviruses viral group does not cause leukemia. Papovaviruses are a group of DNA viruses that can cause various diseases in humans, such as warts and certain types of cancer, but they are not known to directly cause leukemia. Leukemia is typically caused by genetic mutations in the bone marrow cells that produce blood cells.

Warts are caused by a specific viral group known as papovaviruses. Papovaviruses are a type of DNA virus that can infect humans and animals, causing various types of warts. These viruses are characterized by their ability to cause cell growth abnormalities, leading to the formation of warts on the skin or mucous membranes.

Rhabdoviruses are a group of viruses that contain RNA as their genetic material. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, which is a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic information. Linear RNA refers to RNA that is not circular but instead has a linear structure. Therefore, the correct answer is RNA, linear.

Papovaviruses are a group of DNA viruses known to cause various diseases in humans. One specific type of papovavirus, known as human papillomavirus (HPV), has been strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, potentially progressing to cancer if left untreated. Therefore, the correct answer is cervical cancer.

Poxviruses are a viral group that can cause cowpox disease. These viruses belong to the family Poxviridae and are known for causing various pox diseases in animals, including humans. Cowpox is a zoonotic disease primarily affecting cows, but it can also be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals. Poxviruses are characterized by their large size and complex structure, and they have the ability to infect a wide range of hosts, causing different forms of pox diseases.

The given statement is false. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is actually caused by the coronavirus group of viruses, not the Orthomyxovirus viral group. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and SARS. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Picornaviruses are a viral group that causes hepatitis. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, and picornaviruses, such as hepatitis A virus, are known to be one of the main causes of this disease. These viruses are small, non-enveloped RNA viruses that can infect humans and animals. They are transmitted through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected individual. Picornaviruses are responsible for a significant number of cases of acute hepatitis worldwide.

Poxviruses are a viral group that contains DNA, linear genetic material. This means that their genetic material is made up of double-stranded DNA molecules that are linear, or not circular. This is in contrast to some other viruses that have circular DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Coronaviruses actually do have an envelope. This envelope is a protective layer made up of lipids and proteins that surrounds the genetic material of the virus. The envelope plays a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect host cells and evade the immune system. Therefore, the statement "Coronaviruses don't have an envelope" is incorrect.

The shape of the viral group that causes Influenza A, B, and C is oval.

Roseola and cold sores are not caused by the herpesviruses viral group. Roseola is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), while cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Therefore, the statement is false.

Poxviruses are known for their unique brick-shaped morphology. Unlike other viral groups that have spherical, helical, or icosahedral shapes, poxviruses have a distinct brick-like appearance. This shape is a defining characteristic of poxviruses and can be easily identified under a microscope.

Adenoviruses are a group of viruses known to cause respiratory infections. They are responsible for a range of respiratory illnesses such as the common cold, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Adenoviruses can easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, making them highly contagious. These viruses primarily affect the respiratory system, causing symptoms like coughing, sore throat, and congestion. Additionally, adenoviruses can also cause other infections such as conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infections. Therefore, adenoviruses are an important viral group to consider when identifying the causes of respiratory infections.

The statement is false because retroviruses actually contain RNA as their genetic material, but it is in the form of a single-stranded positive-sense RNA that is converted into double-stranded DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The double-stranded DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome. So, retroviruses do not have linear sc (single-stranded) RNA as their genetic material.

Piconaviruses is the correct answer because AIDS and leukemia are both caused by retroviruses, and piconaviruses are a subgroup of retroviruses. Retroviruses are RNA viruses that use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA, which then integrates into the host cell's genome. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is a retrovirus, and leukemia can be caused by certain retroviruses, such as human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV). Therefore, piconaviruses, being a subgroup of retroviruses, contain AIDS and leukemia.