Plant Structure And Growth
This quiz assesses your knowledge of our plant structure and growth lesson.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is the correct name for a system of roots that grows as one large vertical root with smaller later offshoots?
- A.
Fibrous root
- B.
Taproot
- C.
Secondary root
- D.
Prop root
- E.
Mycorrhizae
Correct Answer
B. TaprootExplanation
A taproot is a correct name for a system of roots that grows as one large vertical root with smaller later offshoots. This type of root system is commonly found in dicotyledonous plants. The main root, known as the taproot, grows deep into the soil, providing stability and anchorage to the plant. It also absorbs water and nutrients from the soil. The smaller lateral roots branch off from the taproot, spreading horizontally and helping to support the plant.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The three types of plant tissue, in order from the outside of a root to the inside, are
- A.
Vascular, ground dermal.
- B.
Vascular, dermal, ground.
- C.
Ground, vascular, dermal.
- D.
Ground, dermal, vascular.
- E.
Dermal, ground, vascular.
Correct Answer
E. Dermal, ground, vascular.Explanation
The correct answer is dermal, ground, vascular. This is because the dermal tissue is the outermost layer of the root, providing protection. The ground tissue comes next, which is responsible for storage and support. Finally, the vascular tissue is the innermost layer, consisting of xylem and phloem, which transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A plant whose life span occurs over the course of two years is known as a(n)
- A.
Annual.
- B.
Triannual.
- C.
Biennial.
- D.
Perennial.
- E.
Seasonal.
Correct Answer
C. Biennial.Explanation
A plant whose life span occurs over the course of two years is known as a biennial. This means that the plant completes its life cycle, including germination, growth, reproduction, and death, within a two-year period. Unlike annual plants that complete their life cycle within one year or perennial plants that live for more than two years, biennial plants require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. During the first year, biennial plants typically grow vegetatively, and in the second year, they produce flowers, fruits, and seeds before dying.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The region of the plant in which the parenchyma cells are located that are involved in photosynthesis is called
- A.
Vascular cylinder.
- B.
Mesophyll.
- C.
Epidermis.
- D.
Xylem.
- E.
Phloem.
Correct Answer
B. Mesophyll.Explanation
The correct answer is mesophyll. The mesophyll is the region of the plant where the parenchyma cells involved in photosynthesis are located. These cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. The mesophyll is found in the leaves of plants and is comprised of two layers: the palisade mesophyll, which is located towards the upper part of the leaf, and the spongy mesophyll, which is located towards the lower part of the leaf. Together, these layers maximize the surface area available for photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is dead at functional maturity?
- A.
Companion cell
- B.
Guard cell
- C.
Palisade mesophyll
- D.
Sieve-tube member
- E.
Vessel element
Correct Answer
E. Vessel elementExplanation
A vessel element is dead at functional maturity. Vessel elements are part of the xylem tissue in plants and are responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. However, during their development, vessel elements undergo programmed cell death and lose their cellular contents, including the nucleus and other organelles. This allows for the formation of a continuous tube-like structure that facilitates the efficient transport of water. Therefore, vessel elements are non-living cells at functional maturity.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Most lengthwise growth takes place in terminal shoots and roots in
- A.
The zone of cell division.
- B.
The zone of elongation.
- C.
The zone of maturation.
- D.
Meristematic cells.
- E.
Vascular cambium.
Correct Answer
B. The zone of elongation.Explanation
The zone of elongation is where most lengthwise growth takes place in terminal shoots and roots. This is because this zone is responsible for the elongation of cells, allowing the plant to increase in length. The zone of cell division is where new cells are produced, but they do not contribute significantly to the overall length of the plant. The zone of maturation is where cells differentiate and become specialized, but it is not involved in lengthwise growth. Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide and give rise to new cells, but they are not specifically involved in lengthwise growth. The vascular cambium is responsible for lateral growth, not lengthwise growth.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel veins, and seeds with a single cotyledon is probably a
- A.
Corn plant.
- B.
Fern.
- C.
Fir tree.
- D.
Pine tree.
- E.
Pea plant.
Correct Answer
A. Corn plant.Explanation
A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel veins, and seeds with a single cotyledon is most likely a corn plant. Corn plants have fibrous roots that spread out in all directions, parallel veins in their leaves, and seeds with a single cotyledon. Ferns have different types of roots, leaves with branching veins, and their seeds do not have cotyledons. Fir trees and pine trees have taproots, leaves with needles, and their seeds have multiple cotyledons. Pea plants have taproots, leaves with branching veins, and their seeds have two cotyledons. Therefore, the characteristics described match those of a corn plant.Rate this question:
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- 8.
All of the following are true about the vascular cambium except:
- A.
It increases the width/girth of plants.
- B.
It produces secondary phloem.
- C.
It produces secondary xylem.
- D.
It produces bark in woody plants.
- E.
It occurs in the stem and in the root.
Correct Answer
D. It produces bark in woody plants.Explanation
The vascular cambium is a type of meristem tissue found in plants that is responsible for the production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem, which increases the width/girth of plants. It is present in both stems and roots, allowing for the growth of the plant in both directions. However, the production of bark is not a function of the vascular cambium. Bark is primarily composed of dead tissues such as cork and cork cambium, which are produced by a different meristem tissue called the cork cambium.Rate this question:
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- 9.
These cells are live cells that function as structural support for a plant:
- A.
Sieve-tube elements
- B.
Vessel elements
- C.
Tracheids
- D.
Guard cells
- E.
Collenchyma cells
Correct Answer
E. Collenchyma cellsExplanation
Collenchyma cells are live cells that provide structural support to plants. They are elongated and have thickened cell walls, which make them flexible yet strong. Collenchyma cells are usually found in young plant parts, such as stems and petioles, and they provide support to these growing tissues. Unlike other options listed, such as sieve-tube elements, vessel elements, tracheids, and guard cells, collenchyma cells are specifically known for their structural role in plants.Rate this question:
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- 10.
How do cells in a meristem differ from other cells in a plant?
- A.
They continue to divide.
- B.
They photosynthesize at a faster rate.
- C.
They are growing.
- D.
They are differentiating.
- E.
They store food.
Correct Answer
A. They continue to divide.Explanation
Cells in a meristem differ from other cells in a plant because they continue to divide. Meristems are regions of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for growth and development. Unlike other cells in a plant, which may have stopped dividing or have differentiated into specific cell types, meristematic cells retain the ability to divide and give rise to new cells. This continuous division allows for the growth and expansion of plant tissues and organs.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 19, 2009Quiz Created by
Staylor98
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