Phytochemistry MCQs With Answers

Primary metabolites are universal products that are found in all plant families. Glucose is indeed one of the first products of primary metabolism, and all plants with chlorophyll are capable of producing primary metabolites. However, primary metabolites are not restricted to a specific genus, species, or family. They are essential compounds that are necessary for basic cellular functions and are found across a wide range of plant species.

Prostaglandins are not considered unorganized drugs because they are a group of naturally occurring substances that play a role in various physiological processes in the body. They are derived from fatty acids and have specific functions and targets in the body. Unlike gums, plant lattices, agar, and aloetic juices, which are all examples of unorganized drugs, prostaglandins have a specific structure and function within the body.

Warfarin is a derivative of dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring compound found in spoiled sweet clover hay that was responsible for causing hemorrhagic disease in cattle. Warfarin was developed as a synthetic derivative of dicoumarol and has anticoagulant properties. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, thus preventing blood clot formation. Warfarin is commonly used as an oral anticoagulant medication to prevent and treat blood clots in conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and atrial fibrillation.

Arachidonic acid is not an omega-3 fatty acid, but rather an omega-6 fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as DPA, EPA, DHA, and a-Linolenic acid, are known for their various health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting brain function. Arachidonic acid, on the other hand, is involved in the production of inflammatory mediators in the body. Therefore, it is not classified as an omega-3 fatty acid.

Emu oil is known for its various health benefits, including its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to moisturize the skin. It is rich in essential fatty acids, such as linolenic, docosahexaenoic, alpha-linolenic, and arachidonic acids. However, it does not contain oleic acid, which is a monounsaturated fatty acid commonly found in olive oil and other vegetable oils. Oleic acid is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

Heparin is a natural glycosaminoglycan with chains consisting of alternating 1-4 linked residues of sulphated uronic acids. It is highly sulfated (40%) and has a strong anionic charge. It occurs in mast cells of many tissues of the liver. However, it does not consist of alternating 1-6 linked residues of sulphated uronic acids. Therefore, the statement "Is a natural glycosaminoglycan with chains consisting of alternating 1-6 linked residues of sulphated uronic acids" is not true about heparin.

Oleic acid is not a saturated fatty acid. It is a monounsaturated fatty acid, meaning it has one double bond in its carbon chain. Saturated fatty acids, on the other hand, have no double bonds and are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, and lauric acid are all examples of saturated fatty acids.

Glycyrrhiza glabra is the correct answer because it is commonly known as licorice and is known for its smooth texture. The other plant names mentioned in the question do not suggest any smooth characteristics.

The given statement that is not true is "Gums are generally normal products of metabolism formed within the cell (intracellular formation)." This is incorrect because gums are not formed within the cell, but rather they are exudates that flow naturally or are obtained by incision from the trunk and branches of certain plants, such as Astragalus gummifer. Gums are not formed intracellularly, but rather they are external substances.

The acetate pathway is a metabolic pathway that involves the conversion of acetate into various molecules. Thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are all derived from the acetate pathway and play important roles in various physiological processes. Saturated fatty acids, although they can be synthesized from acetate, are not directly derived from the acetate pathway. Gum and mucilage, on the other hand, are polysaccharides that are not derived from the acetate pathway. Therefore, the correct answer is gum and mucilage.

All the other statements in the given options are true. Alpha-amylase breaks down long-chain saccharides into maltotriose and maltose from amylose, and into maltose, glucose, and limit dextrin from amylopectin. It also tends to be faster-acting than beta-amylase. Therefore, the only statement that is not true is "The hydrolysis action of beta-amylase on the alpha-1,6 linkages."

Triticum vulgaire is the correct answer because it is commonly known as wild wheat or wild cereal. The word "wild" in the question suggests that the plant should have a wild or uncultivated nature, and Triticum vulgaire fits this description. Allium sativum (garlic), Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), and Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) are not typically considered wild plants.

Exenatide is not of plant origin. It is a synthetic drug that is derived from the saliva of the Gila monster lizard. The other options, Artemisinin, Morphine, Diosgenin, and Taxol, are all drugs that are derived from plants. Artemisinin is derived from the Artemisia annua plant, Morphine is derived from the opium poppy plant, Diosgenin is derived from the wild yam plant, and Taxol is derived from the Pacific yew tree.

Oenothera biennis is a plant commonly known as evening primrose. Linoleic acid is an essential omega-6 fatty acid that is abundant in the seeds of evening primrose. It is an important component of cell membranes and plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. Linoleic acid also helps in regulating inflammation and supporting overall cardiovascular health. Therefore, Oenothera biennis is rich in linoleic acid.

All the statements provided are true except for the statement that the beta-linkage of cellulose is not hydrolyzed by the mammalian enzyme system. In reality, the beta-linkage of cellulose is not hydrolyzed by mammalian enzymes but is instead hydrolyzed by cellulase, which is produced by microorganisms.