NHA Phlebotomy Toughest Quiz: Exam

Postprandial means "after eating." It is a term used to describe the period of time following a meal. This term is commonly used in medical and scientific contexts to refer to the physiological changes that occur in the body after consuming food.

Recapping needles before putting them into the sharps container is not recommended because it increases the risk of accidental needlestick injuries. When needles are recapped, there is a higher chance of the person handling the needle getting pricked. To prevent these injuries, it is advised to dispose of needles directly into the sharps container without recapping them.

Bleach is a common household disinfectant that can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens on surfaces. It contains chlorine, which acts as a powerful germicide. When diluted with water, bleach can be used to clean and disinfect various surfaces, making it an effective alternative to boiling water for disinfection purposes.

Bacteria and parasites belong to the biologic type of hazard because they are living organisms that can cause harm or disease to humans. Unlike chemical hazards, which involve toxic substances, or physical hazards, which involve physical dangers like radiation or noise, biologic hazards are specifically related to the presence of living organisms that can pose a risk to human health.

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP. It is a vital metabolic pathway in all living organisms. In newborns, glycolysis occurs at a faster rate compared to adults. This is because newborns have a higher metabolic rate and energy demand to support their rapid growth and development. Additionally, newborns have a higher concentration of enzymes involved in glycolysis, which further enhances the speed of this process. Therefore, the statement that glycolysis occurs faster in newborns is true.

The statement "they are all the same size and shape" is not true for WBCs. White blood cells, or leukocytes, come in different sizes and shapes depending on their type. For example, neutrophils are larger and have multi-lobed nuclei, while lymphocytes are smaller and have spherical nuclei. This variation in size and shape allows different types of WBCs to perform their specific functions in the immune system.

The tourniquet is not used to make veins blue. A tourniquet is typically used to prevent venous flow of blood, which helps in locating veins and making them bulge, aiding in procedures such as blood draws or intravenous injections. The blue color of veins is a natural result of deoxygenated blood, and the tourniquet does not play a role in changing the color of veins.

Edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. This can occur due to various reasons such as an underlying medical condition, injury, or inflammation. When there is an excess of fluid in the tissues, it can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort. Therefore, edema is the correct answer as it accurately describes the accumulation of fluid in the tissues.

Hematuria is the medical term used to describe the presence of blood in the urine. It can be a sign of various underlying conditions, such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain cancers. The presence of blood in the urine can be visually noticeable or detected through laboratory tests. Therefore, hematuria is another name for blood in the urine.

When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours, it enters a basal state. This refers to the body's metabolic state when it is at rest and not actively digesting or processing food. During this state, the body's metabolism slows down and energy is conserved. It is an essential state for the body to maintain balance and conserve energy during periods of rest and fasting.

This question is asking which of the given options is a test of the respiratory system. The correct answer is ABGs, which stands for Arterial Blood Gases. This test measures the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gasses in the blood, providing information about how well the respiratory system is functioning.

A green top tube usually contains heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting by inhibiting the activity of clotting factors. This type of tube is commonly used for collecting blood samples for various tests, such as blood gas analysis or some chemistry tests. Heparin prevents the blood from clotting during the collection process, allowing for accurate test results.

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are responsible for protecting the body from infections. They are part of the immune system and work to identify and destroy pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Leukocytes can engulf and destroy foreign substances, produce antibodies, and coordinate immune responses to keep the body healthy and free from infections.

When applying a tourniquet, it is important to tie it several inches above the wound site to effectively stop blood flow to the injured area. Tying the tourniquet too close to the wound may not sufficiently occlude blood flow, while tying it too far away may make it less effective or increase the risk of complications. Therefore, the tourniquet should typically be tied around 3-4 inches above the site of the injury.

The recommended depth of a heel puncture on an infant is 2.0mm. This depth is necessary to ensure an adequate sample of blood is obtained for testing purposes. A puncture that is too shallow may not provide enough blood, while a puncture that is too deep may cause unnecessary pain and potential complications for the infant. Therefore, it is important to adhere to the recommended depth of 2.0mm for a heel puncture on an infant.

A doctor would be interested in the liver if they ordered an ALP, AST, ALT, GTT, and bilirubin test. These tests are commonly used to assess liver function. ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are liver enzymes that can indicate liver damage or disease. GTT (glucose tolerance test) can be used to evaluate liver function in relation to glucose metabolism. Bilirubin is a waste product produced by the liver and high levels can indicate liver dysfunction. Therefore, the liver is the organ of interest in this case.

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The terms "contact," "droplet," and "airborne" refer to different ways in which diseases can be transmitted from one person to another. These terms describe the various modes through which infectious agents can spread, such as direct physical contact, respiratory droplets, or particles suspended in the air. Therefore, they are all examples of modes of transmission.

Medical Asepsis refers to the practices and procedures used to prevent the spread of infection. It involves the destruction of pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, outside the body. This can be achieved through various methods, such as cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, sterilization of equipment, and proper hand hygiene. Therefore, the statement "Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body" is true.

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to the rest of the body's organs and tissues. This process is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. Therefore, the statement "The left ventricle delivers oxygenated blood to the aorta" is true.

In a routine venipuncture, the lavender tube should not be drawn before the red tube. This is because the lavender tube is used to collect blood for complete blood count (CBC) tests, while the red tube is used to collect blood for chemistry tests. It is important to collect the red tube first to prevent any contamination from additives in the lavender tube that may affect the chemistry test results. Therefore, the correct order is to draw the red tube before the lavender tube.

A drug screen test may require a chain of custody because it is important to maintain a documented record of the handling and transportation of the specimen to ensure its integrity and prevent tampering. This is especially crucial in legal and forensic settings where the results of the drug screen may have significant consequences. The chain of custody process involves documenting who has had possession of the specimen at all times, from the moment it is collected until it is tested in the laboratory.

Vacuum tubes are specifically designed to collect blood samples by creating a negative pressure inside the tube, also known as a tube vacuum. This vacuum helps in drawing the blood into the tube without the need for any additional pressure or force. Therefore, the correct answer is "tube vacuum" because it is the main cause of the vacuum tubes filling with blood during the blood collection process.

Veins are not located deeper than arteries. In fact, veins are usually located closer to the surface of the body compared to arteries. This is why veins are more visible and can be easily felt or seen under the skin. Arteries, on the other hand, are deeper within the body and carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full because this ensures that there is enough blood sample for testing purposes. If the tube is not filled to this level, there may not be enough blood to perform the necessary tests accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the lavender tubes are filled to the appropriate level.

Blinking eyes is not a common symptom of shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Common symptoms of shock include clammy skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing. Blinking eyes, on the other hand, is not directly related to the body's response to shock and is not typically observed as a symptom in individuals experiencing shock.

Battery refers to the intentional and unlawful physical contact with another person without their consent. It involves touching someone without permission, which can be considered a violation of their personal boundaries and rights. Battery can range from minor physical contact to more severe forms of harm, and it is generally considered a legal offense.

If someone is cyanotic, it means that they have a reduced amount of oxygen in their blood. This lack of oxygen can cause their skin to appear bluish in color. This is because when the blood is not properly oxygenated, it appears darker and can give the skin a bluish tint.

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the right atrium. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and eventually sent to the lungs to receive oxygen. Therefore, the statement is true.

When collecting a blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, the aerobic bottle should be filled first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow, and filling the aerobic bottle first ensures that they have access to oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria, on the other hand, do not require oxygen and can survive in the absence of it. Therefore, filling the aerobic bottle first allows for the optimal growth of aerobic bacteria in the culture.

Veins have thinner walls than arteries because they are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The thinner walls allow for easier expansion and contraction, accommodating the lower pressure of blood flow in veins compared to the higher pressure in arteries. Additionally, veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood, which further supports the need for thinner walls.

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that is made of muscle. This muscle layer is responsible for the contraction of the heart, which allows it to pump blood throughout the body. The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that are interconnected and work together to create the pumping action of the heart.

Plasma is the correct answer because it refers to the liquid portion of blood. It is a yellowish fluid that makes up about 55% of blood volume and carries various substances such as nutrients, hormones, waste products, and clotting factors. Plasma also plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature and maintaining blood pressure.

A Chux is a type of pad that is used to correct the patient's clothing. It is often placed under the patient to protect the bed or chair from any spills or accidents. The Chux pad is absorbent and helps to keep the patient dry and comfortable. It is commonly used in hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare settings to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.

If the patient continues to bleed after 8 minutes of pressure, it is important to call for help. This is because the bleeding may be severe and require additional medical intervention. Calling for help ensures that medical professionals with the necessary expertise and resources can provide the appropriate treatment and support to stop the bleeding effectively.

If the needle passes completely through the vein, it is not necessary to pull it out of the arm and try another vein. This is because the needle is already in the vein and has successfully accessed it. Pulling it out and trying another vein would be unnecessary and potentially harmful.

Blood cultures are collected in a yellow tube. This is because the yellow tube contains a specific type of media that helps in the growth and detection of bacteria or other microorganisms in the blood sample. The yellow color of the tube indicates the presence of a specific additive that is necessary for the blood culture process.

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The correct order of draw is red, green, lavender. This order is followed in blood collection to prevent cross-contamination between different tubes. The red tube is used for serum tests, the green tube is used for plasma tests, and the lavender tube is used for complete blood count (CBC) tests. By following this order, the risk of introducing additives or anticoagulants from one tube to another is minimized, ensuring accurate test results.

Lavender top tubes are used for hematology tests, including the WBC differential, because they contain EDTA anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting, ensuring the whole blood sample remains in a suitable condition for accurate hematology analysis.

The Pink top EDTA tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch. EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents the blood from clotting, allowing for accurate testing and typing of blood. The type and crossmatch test is performed to determine the compatibility of blood for transfusion purposes.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that when using a butterfly needle, there may be air in the line that can cause the first tube collected to be underfilled. This is because the air takes up space in the tubing, reducing the amount of blood that can be collected in the tube. Therefore, the first tube collected with a butterfly needle is likely to be underfilled.

Erythrocytes are another name for red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and removing carbon dioxide. They are the most abundant type of blood cell and have a unique shape that allows them to squeeze through narrow blood vessels. Thrombocytes, leukocytes, and phagocytes are different types of blood cells with different functions. Thrombocytes are platelets involved in blood clotting, leukocytes are white blood cells involved in the immune response, and phagocytes are a type of leukocyte that engulf and destroy pathogens.

Normal coagulation takes 30-60 minutes in a red topped tube. This is the typical time frame for blood to clot in this type of tube.

The standard gauge multi-sample needle is considered to be 21.

The statement is true because the lumen refers to the hollow part or channel inside a needle or tube. It is the space through which substances or fluids can flow. In the case of a needle, the lumen allows for the passage of medication or fluids into the body or for the withdrawal of blood or other samples.

A person should refrain from eating for 12 hours prior to a fasting blood test. This is necessary to ensure accurate test results, as eating can affect the levels of certain substances in the blood, such as glucose and triglycerides. Fasting helps to establish a baseline for these measurements and allows healthcare professionals to interpret the results correctly.

Direct contact transmission refers to the spread of infectious agents through physical contact between an infected individual's skin and the skin of a susceptible person. This type of transmission does not involve any intermediate objects or fluids, but rather occurs directly from one person to another through skin-to-skin contact.

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other vital parameters within a narrow range. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Anabolism and catabolism are metabolic processes involved in building and breaking down molecules, while hemostasis refers to the body's ability to stop bleeding. However, only homeostasis accurately describes the body's ability to achieve a steady state.

A urine C & S (Culture and Sensitivity) test is ordered to detect the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI). This test helps identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determines which antibiotics would be most effective in treating it. The presence of UTI can be confirmed by analyzing the growth of bacteria in the urine sample. The other options mentioned in the question (abnormal urine pH, glucose overload, kidney damage) are not specifically detected through a urine C & S test.

Lumbar puncture is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lower back to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nutrients. It is obtained through lumbar puncture to diagnose various conditions, such as infections, bleeding, or tumors in the central nervous system. Peritoneal fluid is found in the abdominal cavity, pleural fluid is found in the chest cavity, and synovial fluid is found in the joints.

Sputum is collected to diagnose tuberculosis because it is a respiratory infection that primarily affects the lungs. Sputum, which is mucus coughed up from the lower respiratory tract, can contain the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Analyzing sputum samples for the presence of these bacteria helps in confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Congestive heart failure is a heart disorder where there is a buildup of fluid in the lungs. This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, causing blood to back up into the lungs. The fluid buildup in the lungs leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Treatment for congestive heart failure includes medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

The tricuspid valve is a type of atrioventricular valve. It is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. The tricuspid valve has three leaflets or cusps, which allow blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle during the relaxation phase of the heart's pumping cycle. When the ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes to prevent backflow of blood into the atrium. Therefore, the tricuspid valve is specifically classified as an atrioventricular valve.

The size of the needle routinely used for venipuncture is typically 1-1.5 inches.

The OGTT test, also known as the oral glucose tolerance test, is used to diagnose diabetes. This test involves drinking a sugary solution and then measuring blood glucose levels at specific intervals. If the blood glucose levels remain high after consuming the solution, it indicates that the body is not effectively regulating blood sugar levels, which is a characteristic of diabetes. Therefore, the OGTT test is used to diagnose diabetes.

Blood cultures are used to diagnose FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin). FUO refers to a persistent fever that cannot be explained by routine medical examinations. By taking blood samples and culturing them in a laboratory, healthcare professionals can identify any bacteria or fungi present in the bloodstream that may be causing the fever. This information is crucial in determining the appropriate treatment for the patient.

The first link in the chain of infection is the agent. The agent refers to the microorganism or pathogen that causes the infection. It can be a virus, bacteria, parasite, or fungus. The agent is responsible for initiating the infection and can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission.

When someone is in shock, it is important to keep them warm, not cool. Shock is a condition in which the body's vital organs are not receiving enough blood flow, and cooling them down can worsen this condition. Keeping the person warm helps to maintain their body temperature and prevent further complications.

This statement is true because serum is the liquid part of blood that remains after the removal of blood cells and clotting factors, including fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting, and when serum is depleted of fibrinogen, it means that the clotting factors have been removed. Therefore, the statement is correct.

During vein selection, it is important not to have the patient pump their fist. Pumping the fist can cause the veins to collapse or become smaller, making it more difficult to find a suitable vein for the procedure. It is important to keep the patient's arm still and relaxed to ensure successful vein selection.

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells (RBCs). Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response in the body. Different blood types have different antigens on their RBCs, such as A, B, AB, or O antigens. These antigens are important in determining compatibility for blood transfusions and organ transplants. Antibodies, chemicals, and hormones are not directly involved in determining blood types.

The average adult has approximately 5-6 liters of blood in their body.

Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in blood clotting. They are responsible for forming a plug at the site of a damaged blood vessel to prevent excessive bleeding. Platelets are not the same as white blood cells or red blood cells, which have different functions in the body. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is platelets.

The gray tube would be used to measure lactic acid because different colored tubes are used for different types of tests. Gray tubes are typically used for tests that require the measurement of glucose, lactic acid, or alcohol levels. Therefore, the gray tube would be the appropriate choice for measuring lactic acid.

Hemolysis is the best definition of destruction of red blood cells. Hemolysis refers to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid. This can occur due to various factors such as infections, toxins, immune reactions, or certain medical conditions. Hemolysis can result in anemia and other health complications.

EDTA, which stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a common chelating agent used in various industries, including the medical and laboratory fields. It is often added to blood collection tubes to prevent clotting by binding calcium ions. However, EDTA can cause carry over problems if not properly washed out or removed from the samples. This can lead to inaccurate test results or contamination of subsequent samples. Therefore, the statement that EDTA is the most common source of carry over problems is true.

Capillary puncture reference ranges for glucose are higher compared to other analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, and protein. This is because capillary blood, which is obtained through a finger prick, may have slightly higher glucose levels compared to venous blood. Therefore, the reference ranges for glucose in capillary blood are adjusted to account for this difference.

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart. It is a thin, smooth membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves. The endocardium is composed of endothelial cells and connective tissue, and its main function is to provide a smooth surface for blood flow and prevent blood clot formation.

To measure the diurnal variation of cortisol hormone, a timed specimen would be required. This means that the specimen would need to be collected at specific intervals throughout the day to capture the natural fluctuations of cortisol levels. This is because cortisol levels vary throughout the day, with the highest levels typically in the morning and the lowest levels in the evening. Collecting a timed specimen would provide a more accurate representation of the diurnal variation of cortisol hormone.

Vigorous mixing can activate platelets, which are responsible for blood clotting. When platelets are activated, they release various substances that promote clot formation. This can lead to a shorter clotting time, as the platelets become more efficient in forming a clot. Therefore, the statement "Vigorous mixing can activate platelet and shorten clotting times" is true.

The Good Samaritan Law does not specifically apply to healthcare workers. It is a law that protects individuals who provide assistance in emergency situations from being sued for any harm caused while providing aid. This law applies to any person, not just healthcare workers, who voluntarily and in good faith provide emergency care at the scene of an accident or emergency. Therefore, the statement that the Good Samaritan Law allows healthcare workers to provide medical care beyond their normal field without being sued is false.

The midsagittal plane, also known as the median plane, divides the body into equal left and right halves. This plane passes through the midline of the body, specifically through the midline of the head, neck, and trunk. It is used as a reference point in anatomical studies and is important for understanding the symmetry and organization of the body.

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Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles arterial blood because both types of blood are oxygenated and have a similar composition. Capillary blood is obtained by pricking the capillaries, which are small blood vessels located close to the surface of the skin. Arterial blood, on the other hand, is the oxygen-rich blood that is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body through the arteries. Both types of blood have a high concentration of oxygen and nutrients, making them similar in composition.

The correct answer is Pulmonary and Systemic. The circulatory system of the heart consists of two main circulations: the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated, while the systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body's tissues and organs.

The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart. It is a protective layer that covers the heart and helps to reduce friction as the heart beats.

Lavender tube is used for ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) testing. The lavender tube contains an anticoagulant called EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) which prevents the blood from clotting. This is important for ESR testing as it measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube over a certain period of time. The lavender tube is commonly used for various hematological tests including complete blood count (CBC) and ESR.

The correct answer is microbiology because the C&S (Culture and Sensitivity) test is a microbiological test used to identify and determine the susceptibility of bacteria or fungi causing an infection. This test is performed in microbiology labs where samples are cultured and analyzed to identify the specific microorganism causing the infection and determine which antibiotics would be effective in treating it.

Urinalysis involves the examination of urine to assess various aspects of a person's health. The three components of a urinalysis are physical, chemical, and microscopic exams. The physical exam involves assessing the color, clarity, and odor of the urine. The chemical exam involves testing for the presence of substances such as glucose, protein, and blood. The microscopic exam involves examining the urine under a microscope to identify and quantify cells, bacteria, and other particles.

Creatinine clearance is a test used to measure how well the kidneys are functioning. It involves collecting urine samples and blood samples to measure the level of creatinine, a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. By comparing the levels of creatinine in the urine and blood, the creatinine clearance test can provide information about the kidneys' ability to filter waste products. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor kidney diseases and assess kidney function.

During a bleeding time test, blood should be blotted at 30-second intervals. This is because the test measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made on the skin. Blotting the blood at regular intervals allows for accurate measurement of the bleeding time.

Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying protein in erythrocytes. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the body's tissues. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and is responsible for their red color. It plays a crucial role in the transportation of oxygen throughout the body, allowing cells to receive the oxygen they need for energy production. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, plasma is the liquid component of blood, and leukocytes are white blood cells, none of which are the oxygen carrying protein in erythrocytes.

Hematoma is the most common complication of phlebotomy. A hematoma occurs when there is bleeding under the skin, resulting in the formation of a localized blood clot. This can happen if the needle used during phlebotomy punctures a blood vessel, causing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues. Hematomas can vary in size and severity, and may cause pain, swelling, and discoloration at the site of the phlebotomy.

Leaving the tourniquet on too long can cause hemoconcentration. This is because the tourniquet restricts blood flow to the area, leading to an accumulation of blood and an increase in the concentration of blood cells and proteins. Hemoconcentration can have negative effects on the body, such as thickening of the blood and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.

A phlebotomist would use a royal blue tube to check for trace elements. This type of tube is specifically designed to collect and preserve samples for trace element analysis. The royal blue color of the tube indicates that it contains an additive that helps stabilize and preserve the trace elements in the sample. By using a royal blue tube, the phlebotomist can ensure accurate and reliable results when testing for trace elements.

CLSI, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, is an organization that develops standards for specimen handling and processing. They provide guidelines and best practices for laboratories and healthcare professionals to ensure accurate and reliable test results. These standards cover various aspects such as collection, transportation, storage, and processing of specimens, aiming to improve patient care and safety. The CLSI standards are widely recognized and followed in the field of laboratory medicine.

The mottled green and gray topped tubes do not contain EDTA. This is because EDTA is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting. The lavender tube tops, pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID label, and pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator are all commonly used tubes that contain EDTA as an anticoagulant.

The correct answer is APTT. The APTT, or activated partial thromboplastin time, is a test used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It measures the time it takes for blood to clot in response to certain activators. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor clotting disorders, such as hemophilia, and to assess the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications.

Crooked or winding veins are also called tortuous. This term is used to describe veins that have twisted or curved paths, often appearing as bulging or knotted. The word "tortuous" is derived from the Latin word "tortus," meaning twisted.

Ammonia is not a light-sensitive test because it does not undergo any changes or reactions when exposed to light. Light-sensitive tests, such as the ones mentioned in the other options, involve substances that react or undergo color changes when exposed to light.

The correct answer is "completely" because the statement is indicating that the light blue tubes must be filled entirely or completely.

Sodium fluoride preserves glucose for 3 days.

A nosocomial infection refers to an infection that is acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility. In this case, the catheter site of an ICU patient becoming infected is an example of a nosocomial infection because it occurred during the patient's stay in the hospital. Nosocomial infections are often caused by bacteria or other pathogens that are present in the healthcare environment and can be transmitted through medical procedures or contaminated equipment.

Leukopenia is a condition characterized by a low white blood cell count. Leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, can cause leukopenia. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy cells and lead to a decrease in overall white blood cell count. Therefore, leukemia is a condition that could cause leukopenia.

The lavender tube is used for a sickle cell screen. This is because lavender tubes contain an anticoagulant called EDTA, which helps preserve the blood sample for testing. Sickle cell screening involves analyzing the blood sample for the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, which causes sickle cell disease. The lavender tube ensures that the blood sample remains in a suitable condition for accurate testing.

Microorganism cultures are collected in yellow tubes. This is because yellow tubes are specifically designed for collecting and storing biological samples, including microorganism cultures. The yellow color of the tubes helps to protect the samples from light exposure, which can be harmful to the microorganisms. Additionally, the yellow color also helps to differentiate the tubes from other types of tubes used in the laboratory, making it easier to identify and handle the cultures correctly.

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is a common blood test that measures different components of the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that focuses on the study of blood and blood-forming tissues. Therefore, a CBC would be sent to the hematology lab section for analysis and interpretation.

The correct answer is chemistry. Chemistry is the laboratory section that typically performs blood pregnancy tests. This is because blood pregnancy tests involve measuring the levels of certain hormones in the blood, which can be analyzed using chemical tests. Hematology focuses on the study of blood cells and disorders, serology deals with the study of antibodies and antigens in the blood, and blood bank is responsible for collecting, storing, and distributing blood products.

When serum is lipemic, it appears cloudy or milky due to the presence of high levels of lipids (fats). This can be a clue that the patient is not fasting because after a meal, the body releases lipids into the bloodstream for digestion and energy production. Therefore, the presence of lipemic serum suggests that the patient has recently eaten and is not in a fasting state.

The pulmonic valve is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. This valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, which carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

A red/gray tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube because it contains a gel separator that helps to separate the serum (liquid portion of blood) from the blood cells when the tube is centrifuged. This allows for easier and more accurate testing of the serum without interference from the cells.

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Coagulation is the correct answer because the question states that tests for this department are usually collected in a light blue tube. Coagulation tests, such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), require blood to be collected in a light blue tube containing sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. This ensures that the blood does not clot and allows accurate measurement of clotting factors. Therefore, the use of a light blue tube indicates that the tests being performed are related to coagulation.

The correct answer is lumen. The lumen refers to the internal space or cavity within a blood vessel. It is the hollow area through which blood flows, and it is surrounded by the vessel wall. The lumen plays a crucial role in allowing the passage of blood and maintaining proper blood flow within the vessel.